虚拟语气用法

1、类类别别用法用法例句例句if引导引导的条的条件从件从句句与现在与现在事实相事实相反反从句谓语动词从句谓语动词: 一一般过去时般过去时(be用用were)主句谓语动词主句谓语动词: should/would/could/might+动词原形动词原形If they wereattacked, these cars would be strong enough to protect them. 1. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用类别类别用法用法例句例句if引导的引导的条 件 从条 件 从句句与过去事与过去事实相反实相反从句谓语动词从句谓语动词: had+过去分词过去分

2、词主句谓语动词主句谓语动词:should/would/could/might +have+过去分过去分词词If he had notbeen in an open car, he wouldnthave been shot. 与将来事与将来事实相反实相反从句谓语动词从句谓语动词: 一般一般过去时过去时/were+不定式不定式/should+动词原形动词原形主句谓语动词主句谓语动词: should/would/could/might+动词原形动词原形If it rained/were to rain/should raintomorrow, wewould not gocamping. 类类 别

3、别用法用法例句例句if引导引导的条的条件从件从句的句的倒装倒装如果在表示虚拟语气的条如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有件句中含有were, had或或should, 可将可将if省略省略, 然后将然后将were, had或或should移至主移至主语之前语之前Had we made a great effort, we might have succeeded. (=If we had made a great effort. . . )注意注意: 在此结构中，在此结构中，had为助动词。若为谓语动词，则为助动词。若为谓语动词，则 不能省略、倒装。试比较：不能省略、倒装。试比较：If you h

4、ad come earlier，you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier，you would catch the bus.(正正)如果你能来得早一点，你就能赶上公共汽车。如果你能来得早一点，你就能赶上公共汽车。If I had time，I would go with you.Had I time，I would go with you. (误误)如果我有时间，我就跟你一起去。如果我有时间，我就跟你一起去。补充：补充：1. 在错综时间条件句中的运用在错综时间条件句中的运用当当if虚拟条件句中表示的动作和主句表示的动作虚拟条件句中表示的动作和主句表

5、示的动作所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整所表示的时间来调整(从句表示过去时间用从句表示过去时间用had done，主句谓语用，主句谓语用would do；从句表示现在时；从句表示现在时间用间用were，主句谓语用，主句谓语用would have done)。e.g. If you had followed the doctors advice, you would be quite all right now. 如果你听从了医生的建议，你现在早就好了。如果你听从了医生的建议，你现在早就好了。 (从句叙述与过去事实相反，主句叙述与

6、现在从句叙述与过去事实相反，主句叙述与现在 事实相反事实相反) He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 如果他听了我的劝告，他现在就会通过考试了。如果他听了我的劝告，他现在就会通过考试了。 If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 如果我是你的话如果我是你的话, 我早接纳他的建议了。我早接纳他的建议了。(从句叙从句叙 述与现在事实相反，主句叙述与过去事实相反述与现在事实相反，主句叙述与过去事实相反)2. 在含蓄虚拟条件句中的运用在含蓄虚拟条件句中的运用有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并

7、不总是出现有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句，其引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句，其主要用法及表现形式如下：主要用法及表现形式如下：(1) 将条件隐含在分词短语中将条件隐含在分词短语中Born in better times, he would have been a scholar.(If he had been born in better times, he would.)如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。Failing this time, what would you do?(If y

8、ou failed this time, what would.)假若这次失败，那你怎么办？假若这次失败，那你怎么办？ (2) 将条件隐含在名词短语中将条件隐含在名词短语中A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer.(If you had come a few hours earlier, you.)要是你早来几个小时，你就能见到这位著名的作家了。要是你早来几个小时，你就能见到这位著名的作家了。(3) 将条件隐含在定语从句中将条件隐含在定语从句中Anyone who had seen that painting

9、might have taken it for a photo.(If anyone had seen that painting, he.)凡是看过那幅画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。凡是看过那幅画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(4) 将条件隐含在形容词及其比较级中将条件隐含在形容词及其比较级中A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.(If a person had been more careful, he.)一个仔细一点的人不会犯这么多的错误。一个仔细一点的人不会犯这么多的错误。3. 用用with, without

10、, but for, under, or, otherwise， if only等代替条件状语从句等代替条件状语从句But for the storm (If it had not been for the storm), I would have arrived much earlier.要不是那场暴雨，我早就到达了。要不是那场暴雨，我早就到达了。Under different circumstances, I would have said yes.(If circumstances had been different, I would.)在不同的情况下，我就会同意了。在不同的情况下，我

11、就会同意了。2. 虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用 在在as if，as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从引导的方式状语从句或表语从句句 中用虚拟语气，形式为：中用虚拟语气，形式为：(1) 动词过去式（与现在事实相反）动词过去式（与现在事实相反）(2) 过去进行时（与现在正在进行时相反）过去进行时（与现在正在进行时相反）(3) had+done （与过去事实相反）（与过去事实相反）(4) could/ might/ would+动词原形（与将来事实相反）动词原形（与将来事实相反） 在在even if，even though引导的让步状语从句中，引导的让步状语从句中，表

12、示与所发生的事实相反时，应采用虚拟语气，其表示与所发生的事实相反时，应采用虚拟语气，其让步状语从句中的虚拟语气的构成形式与条件句中让步状语从句中的虚拟语气的构成形式与条件句中虚拟语气的形式相同。虚拟语气的形式相同。 在表示建议、要求、命令、意志等的动词后，可在表示建议、要求、命令、意志等的动词后，可 用用“(should)动词原形动词原形”的形式。这类动词有的形式。这类动词有 suggest, request, demand, order, propose, advise, insist, require等。其中等。其中should常常省略。常常省略。e.g. They demanded th

13、at the black people (should) be treated as well as white people. 他们要求黑人应该受到和白人一样的对待。他们要求黑人应该受到和白人一样的对待。 The doctor ordered that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay. 医生命令病人应一刻也不能耽误地送往医院。医生命令病人应一刻也不能耽误地送往医院。注意注意 suggest作作“暗示，表明暗示，表明”讲时，宾语从句不用虚讲时，宾语从句不用虚拟拟 语气。只有当语气。只有当suggest作作“建议建议”

14、讲时，宾语从句讲时，宾语从句才才 用虚拟语气。用虚拟语气。e.g. His smile suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他的微笑表明他对我们的工作满意。他的微笑表明他对我们的工作满意。 He suggested that we (should) start off at once. 他建议我们马上出发。他建议我们马上出发。 insist作作“坚持坚持(说说)，强调，强调”讲时，宾语从句不讲时，宾语从句不用用 虚拟语气。只有当虚拟语气。只有当insist作作“坚持要求坚持要求”讲时，讲时，宾宾 语从句才用虚拟语气。语从句才用虚拟语气。

15、e.g. Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 迈克强调他从来没有偷过任何东西。迈克强调他从来没有偷过任何东西。 I insisted that you give me my money back. 我坚持要求你把钱还给我。我坚持要求你把钱还给我。 对于此类动词可以这样记忆：对于此类动词可以这样记忆： 一坚持一坚持 (insist) 二命令二命令 (order, demand) 三建议三建议 (advice, suggest, propose) 四要求四要求 (require, request, demand, ask) 含有含有ad

16、vice, idea, order, suggestion, proposal, demand, requirement, request等词的同位语从句和等词的同位语从句和 表语从句中，谓语动词用表语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形动词原形”。e.g. His suggestion that we (should) go to London is nice. 他建议我们去伦敦，真是好极了。他建议我们去伦敦，真是好极了。 (suggestion后同位语从句用虚拟语气后同位语从句用虚拟语气) His suggestion is that the meeting (should) be

17、 put off. 他的建议是会议延后。他的建议是会议延后。(suggestion后表语从句用虚后表语从句用虚 拟语气拟语气) My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it. 我想我们应该仔细考虑后才能接受。我想我们应该仔细考虑后才能接受。(idea后表语从后表语从 句用虚拟语气句用虚拟语气) 虚拟语气用于主语从句虚拟语气用于主语从句It is形容词形容词that(should)动词原形动词原形 用于本句型的形容词有用于本句型的形容词有strange, natural, necessary, important, ess

18、ential, urgent, impossible等；还有与表示提议、要求、命令等；还有与表示提议、要求、命令等的动词有关的形容词，如等的动词有关的形容词，如desirable (desire), urgent (urge), advisable (advise), preferable (prefer)等。等。 It is名词名词that(should)动词原形，用于动词原形，用于本本 句型的名词有句型的名词有a pity, a shame, no wonder等。等。 It is过去分词过去分词that(should) 动词原形，动词原形， 用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要用于本句

19、型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要 求、命令等的动词的过去分词，如求、命令等的动词的过去分词，如: suggested, required, requested, demanded, urged, proposed, ordered, desired, advised等。等。 动词动词wish后面宾语从句一般用虚拟语气：后面宾语从句一般用虚拟语气：(1) 若宾语从句表示与现在事实相反，则从句谓若宾语从句表示与现在事实相反，则从句谓 语动词用一般过去时，语动词用一般过去时，be一律用一律用were。 How I wish I were a bird! 我多希望自己是只鸟！我多希望自己是只鸟！(事实上

20、不是事实上不是)(2) 若宾语从句表示与过去事实相反，则从句谓若宾语从句表示与过去事实相反，则从句谓 语动词用语动词用“had过去分词过去分词”。 I wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 我希望我们早两个小时到了那儿。我希望我们早两个小时到了那儿。 (与过去事实相反与过去事实相反)(3) 若宾语从句表示将来没有把握或不太可能实若宾语从句表示将来没有把握或不太可能实 现的愿望，则从句谓语动词用现的愿望，则从句谓语动词用 “should/could/would/might动词原形动词原形”。 I wish we could go to the

21、seaside someday. 我希望我们有一天能去海边。我希望我们有一天能去海边。(对将来虚拟对将来虚拟) would rather/prefer后的宾语从句中，从句谓语后的宾语从句中，从句谓语 动词用一般过去时动词用一般过去时(be用用were)来表示对现在或将来表示对现在或将 来的虚拟，用过去完成时来表示对过去的虚拟。来的虚拟，用过去完成时来表示对过去的虚拟。 Dont always make noise. Id rather/prefer you kept silent. 不要老是吵闹，我宁愿你保持沉默。不要老是吵闹，我宁愿你保持沉默。(叙述与现在叙述与现在 事实相反事实相反) I

22、would rather/prefer I had not told him the bad news. 我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息。我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息。(叙述与过去事实相叙述与过去事实相 反反) 在句型在句型“It is (high/about) time.”后面也可以跟虚后面也可以跟虚 拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“should 动词原形动词原形”，意为，意为“该是该是的时候了的时候了”。 It is high time (that) the weather improved. 天气真该好起来了。天气真该好起来了。 在在in case, in o

23、rder that, so that等引导的状语等引导的状语 从句中，谓语动词用从句中，谓语动词用“could/can/may/might 动词原形动词原形”，表示虚拟。，表示虚拟。 She called him lest he should go out. 她给他打电话以防他出去。她给他打电话以防他出去。 They left early for fear that they would meet him. 他们动身很早以免和他碰面。他们动身很早以免和他碰面。1. Do you think George has passed the driving test? No. If so, he _

24、his car to our college yesterday. (福建福建2013) A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven【解析【解析】C。由。由No及及If so可知，主句中应用可知，主句中应用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，故谓语用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，故谓语用“would have +过去分词过去分词”。2. I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious. (江苏江苏2013) A. thought B. would think C. had t

25、hought D. have thought【解析【解析】C。由题意可知，题干用了虚拟。由题意可知，题干用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，故从句谓语语气，表示与过去事实相反，故从句谓语用用“had +过去分词过去分词”。3. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old. (浙江浙江2013) A. was B. be C. were D. is【解析【解析】B。recommend后的宾语从句用虚拟后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用语气，谓语用“（should +）动词原形）动词原

26、形”。4. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he _ able to speak it much better now. (天津天津2013) A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been 【解析【解析】B。根据从句谓语，。根据从句谓语，before和和now可可知，题干中是错综时间条件句。条件句与过知，题干中是错综时间条件句。条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反，所以主去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反，所以主句谓语应用句谓语应用would

27、 be。5. If we _ a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue. (北京北京2013) A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked【解析【解析】D。由。由earlier与与wouldnt be standing可知，题干中用了虚拟语气，主句可知，题干中用了虚拟语气，主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反，故与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反，故设空处用设空处用“had +过去分词过去分词”。6. I _ to my cousins birthday party las

28、t night, but I was not available. (2011安安 徽徽) A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone【解析【解析】选选D。考查虚拟语气。句意。考查虚拟语气。句意: 昨晚我昨晚我应该去堂兄的生日晚会应该去堂兄的生日晚会, 但是我没有空。根但是我没有空。根据句中据句中last night及及but可知本题表示的是与过可知本题表示的是与过去事实相反的假设去事实相反的假设, 故选故选D。1. David has never been to Rome, but he talks about it as if he

29、 _ there himself. A. has been B. had been C. is D. were 2. Tom was absent from the party. Otherwise, he _ wonderful programs. A. must perform B. would perform C. must have performed D. would have performedBD3. The new film directed by Steven Spielberg was very interesting. I wish I _ it when it was

30、first shown last Sunday. A. saw B. have seen C. could see D. had seen4. Luckily I got to the job interview on time, or I _ such a good chance to enter the big business. A. must have missed B. must miss C. would have missed D. would missDC5. If your bicycle _ be out of order within one week, we would exchange it for a new one. A. could B. should C. might D. would6. Now, good friends, lets drink to our health and _ we never forget each other. A. may B. might C. must D. willBA7. All the evidence suggested Jim _ the