高二授课时用虚拟语气(全面而实用)

1、The subjunctive MoodThe definition of the Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式是一种特殊的动词形式(verb structure), 用来表示说话人主观愿望，所说用来表示说话人主观愿望，所说的话不是一个事实的话不是一个事实 (fact)，而只是一种与事，而只是一种与事实相反的条件假设实相反的条件假设(hypotheses )、愿望、愿望(wishes)、建议、建议(suggestion) 或怀疑或怀疑(doubt)等等等。等。一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气(if (if 引导引导) )与现在事

2、实相反与现在事实相反与将来事实相反与将来事实相反与过去事实相反与过去事实相反二、几种特殊的虚拟条件句二、几种特殊的虚拟条件句综合时间条件句综合时间条件句if条件句的省略、倒装条件句的省略、倒装含蓄条件句含蓄条件句三、虚拟条件句在各种从句中的用法三、虚拟条件句在各种从句中的用法主语从句、宾语从句主语从句、宾语从句Its( high） time that状语从句状语从句表语从句、同位语从句表语从句、同位语从句四、虚拟条件句在四、虚拟条件句在 其它句型中的用法其它句型中的用法if only.Had it not been forWere it not forWhat if.?一、一、If 虚拟条件状

3、语从句虚拟条件状语从句 含义含义If If 从句谓从句谓语动词语动词主句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在与现在事实相事实相反反与过去与过去事实相事实相反反与将来与将来事实相事实相反反were, didmight/should/would/could+ dohad done might/should/would/could+ have donedid,should do,were to might/should/would/could+ do 考点提示考点提示1would /could / might的意义不同点：的意义不同点：If you triedagain,如果你再试如果你再试一次一次you w

4、ould succeed. . you might succeed. . you could succeed. . 你就一定会成功你就能够成功你就或许能成功would表示必然的结果表示必然的结果could表示能够表示能够might表示可能的结果表示可能的结果2if 引导的条件主语从句如果不是假设，而是事实或很可能是事实，就不是虚拟语引导的条件主语从句如果不是假设，而是事实或很可能是事实，就不是虚拟语气而是真是条件句，应该用陈述语气。气而是真是条件句，应该用陈述语气。If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我会呆在家里。如果明天下雨，我

5、会呆在家里。If it rained tomorrow, I would stay at home,3在主句中，在主句中，should 只能用于第一人称只能用于第一人称I和和we4在虚拟语气中，在虚拟语气中，be的形式常用的形式常用were,在非正式文体在非正式文体中，第三人称单数也用中，第三人称单数也用was。 但是在但是在“If I were you.”句式中，句式中，were不能用不能用was代替。代替。例例1 John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him.A. shoul

6、d tell B. tells C. told D. had told 例例2 -The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables _.B.wouldnt die B. didnt dieC. hadnt died D. wouldnt have diedTIPS条件句中带有明显标志条件句中带有明显标志if、且主句、从句分明时，、且主句、从句分明时，做题时分清主句、从句以及对现在、过去还是将做题时分清主句、从句以及对现在、过去还是将来的虚拟，然后对号入座即可。来的虚拟

7、，然后对号入座即可。条件句中带有明显标志条件句中带有明显标志if、且主句、从句分明时、且主句、从句分明时的虚拟语气的虚拟语气1. If I 1. If I (be) you now, I (be) you now, I (join) in the (join) in the game actively.game actively.2. If I were a bit taller, I 2. If I were a bit taller, I (reach) the (reach) the book easily.book easily.3. If you 3. If you (come) y

8、esterday, you (come) yesterday, you (met) him.(met) him.4. If he 4. If he (take) my advice, he (take) my advice, he (not make) such a foolish mistake.(not make) such a foolish mistake.5. If you 5. If you (come) tomorrow, we (come) tomorrow, we ( have) the meeting.( have) the meeting.6. If I 6. If I

9、(have) time next week, (have) time next week, I I certainly certainly (help) you.(help) you.werewould joinwould reachhad comewould have methad takenwouldnt have madewere to comewould haveshould havewouldhelp7. If he (follow) my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. （2010湖南-29） A. followed B. should

10、follow C. had followed D. would follow8. If you make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed. A. would B. should C. could D. might9. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. (2012 安徽-31) A. lives B. would live C. has l

11、ived D. were to live10.If everybody to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world be a happier and healthier place. A. is; would B. were; will C. was; will D. were; would 二、虚拟语气的特殊情况二、虚拟语气的特殊情况1,错综时间条件句错综时间条件句条件句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致时成为条件句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致时成为“错综时间条件句错综时间条件句”，主句

12、和从句，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自不同的时间使用相应的动词形式，的谓语要根据各自不同的时间使用相应的动词形式，If you had studied hard before, you would be a university student now.2,if条件句的省略、倒装条件句的省略、倒装如果条件句中含有系动词如果条件句中含有系动词were,或者助动词或者助动词had,should,可以将可以将if省略，再把省略，再把were,shold,had移到主语前，变成移到主语前，变成“were/ should/ had+主语主语”的倒装结构，但的倒装结构，但如果从句中没有如果从句中没有were,

13、 should ,had,则不能省略则不能省略if.Were he here, enerything would be fine.Should it rained tomorrow, we would have to put off the plan.Had you come eariler, you would seen him.3,含蓄虚拟语气含蓄虚拟语气含蓄条件句也叫含蓄虚拟语气，含蓄条件句也叫含蓄虚拟语气， 即有时假设的情况并不用从句表示出来，即有时假设的情况并不用从句表示出来， 而是通而是通过其他方式表示出来，主句仍用虚拟语气。主要有以下三者情况：过其他方式表示出来，主句仍用虚拟语气

14、。主要有以下三者情况：1通过介词短语通过介词短语but for , without等表示出来等表示出来Without your advice, I would have failed. 如果没有你的建议，如果没有你的建议， 我就已经失败了。我就已经失败了。But for your help he wouldnt have completed his university studies. 要不是有你要不是有你的资助，的资助， 他不可能完成大学学业。他不可能完成大学学业。通过上下文表现条件通过上下文表现条件2She would have came to see you, but she was

15、at a meeting then. 她本应该来见她本应该来见你的，但当时她在开会。你的，但当时她在开会。用用otherwise/ or/ but 等连词或副词代替条件句等连词或副词代替条件句3She was ill that day.Otherwise, she would have taken part in your birthday party. 她那天生病了，不然她会参加你的生日的。她那天生病了，不然她会参加你的生日的。He telephoned me of the accident, or I would have known nothing about it.他打电话告诉我这场事

16、故，否则我根本不知道此事。他打电话告诉我这场事故，否则我根本不知道此事。1.If you (listen) to the talk about the UN yesterday, you (know) the answer to the question now. 2. If I you, I (spend) my holiday in France, not in Japan.had listenedwould knowwerewould spendI _ through that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldnt hav

17、e gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.B.would have put B. will putC. Will have put D. would put于于TIPS含有含有without / but for, otherwise / or 等词的句子，等词的句子，谓语结构等同含谓语结构等同含if的主从句中主句的谓语结构；要的主从句中主句的谓语结构；要根据具体情况判断谓语动词的虚拟时间，然后再对根据具体情

18、况判断谓语动词的虚拟时间，然后再对号入座。号入座。1. (If I had) more money, Iwould help more people in need.2. (If there were no) UN Goodwill Ambassadors, people working on the project would not be encouraged.3. (If there were no) the help from the UN, those women would not have been able to set up their shop.4.I got caught

19、 in traffic, I could have been here soon.WithWithout / But forWithout / But forOtherwise / Or -Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. -I _ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attendedThey _ have arrived at lunch time b

20、ut their flight was delayed.B.will B. can C. must D. shouldTIPS这类题需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处是陈述这类题需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处是陈述语气。通常是陈述语气用动词过去式表明过去的事实，虚拟语气。通常是陈述语气用动词过去式表明过去的事实，虚拟语气中的谓语动词该用语气中的谓语动词该用“would/should/could/might+have done”的形式。的形式。_so much help, I wouldnt have made such great progress in English.A.

21、Had you not given me B. If you didnt give me C. Hadnt you given me D. If you had given me_ fired, your health care and other benefits would not be immediately cut off.B.Would you be B. Should you be C. You should be D. You could beTIPS 注意：含注意：含had的条件句是对过去虚拟；含的条件句是对过去虚拟；含were的条件句是对的条件句是对现在或将来虚拟；含现在或将

22、来虚拟；含should的条件句是对将来虚拟。我们要的条件句是对将来虚拟。我们要根据从句判断主句谓语动词或根据主句选择从句谓语动词。根据从句判断主句谓语动词或根据主句选择从句谓语动词。3. The business is risky. But _, we would be rich. A. should we succeed B. we should succeed C. might we succeed D. would we succeed 4. What would have happened, _, as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked

23、farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 5. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent6. _ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Was he leaving B. If he leaves C. Were he to leave D

24、. If he is leaving7. -You can ask your brother-You can ask your brother for help.for help. -He isnt at home. If he _, I _. -He isnt at home. If he _, I _.A.A. were, would B. is, would were, would B. is, would C. is, will D. were, willC. is, will D. were, will8. If it were not for the fact that you _

25、 ill now, I 8. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill now, I would ask you to do this right now.would ask you to do this right now. A. were B. had been A. were B. had been C. are D. should be C. are D. should be 10. _ she _ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.A.Hadnt; left B. Had;

26、not leftC. If; didnt leave D. Didnt; leave 9. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _ him. A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned C. would telephone D. had telephonedSummary of this class(本节小结本节小结)1.条件句中带有明显标志条件句中带有明显标志if、且主句、且主句、从句分明时的虚拟语气从句分明时的虚拟语气注意：注意：2.错综时间条件句错综时间条件句2. if条件

27、句的省略、倒装条件句的省略、倒装3.含蓄虚拟句含蓄虚拟句4.虚实错综虚拟句虚实错综虚拟句三、虚拟语气在各种从句中的用法三、虚拟语气在各种从句中的用法1,虚拟语气用于主语从句中时常用在以下三种句型中虚拟语气用于主语从句中时常用在以下三种句型中1It is /was+important/ necessary/ natural+that +（should+动词原形）表示动词原形）表示“重要性，必要性，自然重要性，必要性，自然”It is important that you (should) ask your parents for advice征求一下你父母的意见是很重要的。征求一下你父母的意见是

28、很重要的。2It be+surprising/ strange/ a shame/ a pity+that +（should+动词原形）表示动词原形）表示“惊讶，吃惊惊讶，吃惊”译为译为“竟然竟然”It is surprising that he (should) give up the good chance to go abroad.3It be+suggested/ prposed/advised/ ordered/ commanded/requested/required/demanded/insisted/desired+that +（should）+动词原）表示动词原）表示“建议、

29、命令、请建议、命令、请求求”规则记忆规则记忆It is suggested that the capital of the country (should) be romoved to the West part. 有人建议这个国家的首都应该搬到有人建议这个国家的首都应该搬到西部去。西部去。记忆句型（3）的方法：“一、二、三、四”法一个坚持和愿望（insist desire）两个命令 (order command)三个建议(suggest propose advise)四个要求(demand require request ask)2,虚拟语气用于宾语从句中虚拟语气用于宾语从句中1用于用于wi

30、sh后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中主句表达的愿望主句表达的愿望宾语从句中谓语的形式宾语从句中谓语的形式与现在事实相反与现在事实相反的愿望的愿望were/动词的过去式动词的过去式How I wish I were a bird and could fly.我多我多么希望自己是一只会飞的鸟。么希望自己是一只会飞的鸟。与过去事实相反与过去事实相反的愿望的愿望had+过去分词过去分词We wish you had come to our New Years party.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反的愿望的愿望would/could/might+动动词原形（不用词原形（不用should）I wish th

31、at I would be free tomorrow.2用于表示建议、命令、要求、愿望的词后，后面的宾语从用于表示建议、命令、要求、愿望的词后，后面的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词用句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形动词原形The manager insisted that the new employees (should) be trained first.考点提示考点提示sueggest 表示表示“暗示，说明暗示，说明” 、insist表示表示“坚持认为坚持认为”时，不能用虚拟语气，应时，不能用虚拟语气，应根据情况确定时态。根据情况确定时态。Are you suggest

32、ing that I am not fit for the work. 你是在暗示说我不适合这份工作吗？你是在暗示说我不适合这份工作吗？The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me .她脸上的笑容说明了她同意我的观点。她脸上的笑容说明了她同意我的观点。The young man insisted that he hadnt stolen the electric bike.那个年轻坚持说他没有偷电动车。那个年轻坚持说他没有偷电动车。在在would rather后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中3would rather + do so

33、mething(宁愿做某事宁愿做某事)would rather+ 句句子子(虚拟虚拟)过去完成时过去完成时对过去虚拟对过去虚拟一般过去时一般过去时对现在虚拟对现在虚拟一般过去时一般过去时对将来虚拟对将来虚拟从句从句I would rather you had returned the book yesterday.Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend.Id rather she hadnt done that.3,虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句中虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句中1在与在与suggestion,advice,

34、proposal,order, deman,desire,decision等有关的表语从句，同位语从句中等有关的表语从句，同位语从句中用用should+动词原形动词原形My second piece of advice is that he (should) buy a bike as soon as possible.同位语从句同位语从句She put forward a suggestiom that we (should) go for an outing this aunday.表语从句表语从句2as if / as though 引导的表语从句中的虚拟语气引导的表语从句中的虚拟语气（

35、1）用）用were/was或动词的过去式表示与现在事实相反或动词的过去式表示与现在事实相反（2）用）用had+过去分词表示与过去事实相反过去分词表示与过去事实相反（3）用）用would/could+动词原形表示与将来事实相反动词原形表示与将来事实相反It seems as if all my friends were angry with me 似乎我所有的朋友都在生我的气似乎我所有的朋友都在生我的气I felt as if I had done something wrong我感觉自己好像做错了什么It seems as though the meeting would never end

36、4,虚拟语气用于状语从句中虚拟语气用于状语从句中1用于目的状语从句中用于目的状语从句中引导这类目的状语从句的连词有引导这类目的状语从句的连词有so that, in order that, in case, for fear that(以免，以防以免，以防) 等，从句中的谓语动词常用等，从句中的谓语动词常用“should/could/might+动词原形动词原形”I have bought a boat so that I could go fishing.我买了一条小船，以便去钓鱼。Bring some money with you in case you (should)use it.随身

37、带些钱，以备不时只需。We started early in order that we could reach the camp in time.我们老早就出发了，以便按时到达营地。2用于用于as if /as though引导的方式状语从句中引导的方式状语从句中as if / as though（好像，似乎）后的方式状语从句中：（好像，似乎）后的方式状语从句中：表示与现在事实相反，从句中的谓语动词用过去时，表示与现在事实相反，从句中的谓语动词用过去时，表示与过去事实想反，从句中的谓语动词用表示与过去事实想反，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词过去分词”表示与将来事实相反，从句中的谓语

38、动词常用表示与将来事实相反，从句中的谓语动词常用“would/might+动动词原形词原形”The young man speaks as if he were an expert.那个年轻人说起话来好像是个专家。The injured man acted as if nothing had happened 从哪位受伤的男子来看，好像什么也没发生一样It is still a longg way as if we would never reach 仍然有很长的路要走，好像我们永远也走不完。四、虚拟语气在其它句型中的用法四、虚拟语气在其它句型中的用法1,if only.句型句型if only

39、 用于虚拟语气表示用于虚拟语气表示“若是若是.那该多好啊那该多好啊; 真希望真希望.; 只要只要.就好就好”与现在事实相反与现在事实相反谓语：一般过去时谓语：一般过去时与过去事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反与将来事实相反had +过去分词过去分词could + 完成时完成时would /could/might +动词原形动词原形1. If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes.2. If only she could have lived a little longer. If only she had

40、lived a little longer.3. If only he had arrived in time.比较比较if only与与only if only if 表示表示“只有只有”； I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.考题考题 1. If only grandmother _ this together with us now.A. will see B.could see C.must see D.should see 2. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie(lie 躺，躺，lay, lain)BC2,Its (high) time that.句型句型 早就该早就该It is (high, about,low) time that一般过去时一般过去时should + 动词原形动词原形此处的此处