句子成分学生版

1、英语句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分，包括主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补等。一主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物,一般放在句子开头。训练一 请大家在主语下面加下划线， 说明是什么词和结构充当1.The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2.He likes dancing. （ ）3.Twenty years is a short time in history. ( )4. Seeing is believing. （ ）5.To see is to believe. （ ）6.What he needs is a book. （ ）训练题二 填空题1. The

2、 _(attract) interest all the tourists2. _ (go)camping at the weekend is a pleasure.3. _(swim) this afternoon is a pleasure.训练三 翻译句子（主语一般放句子开头，以及能充当主语的词和结构）1. 这些学生有音乐天赋。_have a gift for music.2. 打败他是我的梦想。_is my dream.3. 他什么时候来不为我们所知。_is unknown to us.二 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作或状态。一般放在主语后面。（只有动词才能充当谓语，具

3、有人称、数、时态和语态的变化）训练一 在谓语下面加下划线1.We study English.2. He is asleep.训练二 找出谓语部分 并且判断谓语动词是及物动词，不及物，还是系动词） 一般能直接做谓语的就这三类动词，1. We love China.2. She seems tired. 3. We have finished reading this book.4.His money ran out.归纳： 1.及物动词后面必须接宾语（接宾语不加介词） 2.系动词后面必须接表语。并且无被动（常见系动词am,is ,are,was,were,feel ,keep ,stay re

4、main smell look sound）3.不及物动词不加介词 绝对不能在后面接宾语。训练三 改错题1. The idea was proved wrong.2. An accident was happened at the corner.3. He entered into the room and turned on the radio.4. He should have waited me at the gate. 训练题四 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.The place of interest _(attraction) many visitors.2.My family _(m

5、ove) to France the day after tomorrow.3.He was badly ill and we _(take) him to hospital.4.The bridge _(build) ten yeas ago.三 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态、身份和特征。 训练题一 用下划线划出表语，并且归纳能充当表语的词，结构和词义 1,He is a teacher. （ ） 2.Seventy-four! You dont look it. （ ）3.Five and five is ten. （ ） 4.He is asl

6、eep. （ ）5.His father is in. （ ） 6.The pictur e is on the wall. ( )7.My watch is gone / missing / lost. （ ）8.To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （ ）9.The question is whether they will come. （ ）特别提醒：名词做表语表明是什么对象，形容词和分词表主语的特征。副词能充当表语的一般是地点和方位的副词，一般副词是不能充当的。训练题二 根据所给词的适当形式填空。（这部分目的是区

7、别填空题中名词 形容词 分词）1. the hill is a great _, because it is _(attract) to many visitors.2. Having a walk along the lake is a_ ,and the scenery is_(please) .3. He was_(addict) to the drug, 4.Although he is_ ,he is working hard to make up for the lack of _(able) 再次强调：表语在系动词之后 四 宾语：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词之后

8、。1）及物动词的承受者-动宾 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾3） 双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）训练题一 用下划线标注宾语，并且说明做宾语的词类1.I like China. （ ）2. He hates you. （ ）3.How many do you need? We need two. （ ）4I enjoy working with you. （ ）5I hope to see you again. （ ）6. Did you write down what he said? （ ） 7.Are you afraid of the snake?（ ）8. Under th

9、e snow, there are many rocks.( ) 9.He gave me a book yesterday.( ) 10.He told me that he was disappointed( ).训练题二 根据下列句子含义，用适当形式填空。1. He walked in with _( disappoint).2. If you lack _(paintent),you will be faced with_(fail)3. He escaped_(punish).4. He showed us his_(confident).五 宾补：对宾语的补充说明，全称为宾语补足语

10、。训练题一 用下划线标注补语1. We elected him monitor. （ ）2. We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （ ）3. We will make them happy. （ ）4. We found nobody in. ( )5. Please make yourself at home. （ ） 6. Dont let him do that. （ ）7. His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （ ）8. Dont keep the l

11、ights burning. （ ）9. Ill have my bike repaired. （ ）训练题二 适当形式填空1. Shelikesthe children_（read） newspapers and booksin thereading-room.2. Shefoundhim_(respect),because he was ready to help others.3.He felt it_(scare) to stay with strangers.六 主补：对主语的补充说明。He was elected monitor. She was found singing in

12、the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson七 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的成分叫做定语。 训练题 一 找出定语，归纳词类和位置1. Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（ ， ）2. He is our friend. （ ）3.We belong to the third world. （ ） 4.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（ ）5.The man over there is my old friend.( ) 6.Th

13、e woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. ( )7.The boys playing football are in Class 2. （ ）8.The trees planted last year are growing well now. （ ）9.I have an idea to do it well. （ ）10.You should do everything that I do. （ ）训练题二 翻译下列中文 1.一颗苹果树 _ 2.他的书本_ 3.装满苹果的篮子_ 4.山上的塔_ 5,鲁迅写的书_ 6.一位开车的司机救了那位带

14、着孩子的母亲。训练题三 用单词的正确形式填空 1.There are many _(abandon)bottles on the grassland. 2.He walked in the_(read) room. 3.He takes an active part in _(society) activities. 4.He is always the last one_ (leave)the classroom.八 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或者整个句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。训练题一 划出每个句子状语 1.I will go th

15、ere tomorrow. 2.The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.3.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. 4.He studies hard to learn English well.5.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.6. I like some of you very much.7.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 8.He goes to school by

16、bike.9.Though he is young, he can do it well.10. Luckily, he get rid of his bad habit.11.I am really sorry for my rudeness.12.He was surely late.13.He walked in,happy.非谓语做状语的（这里说几个常考的)1.He sat under the tree, reading books.2, Having finishing his work, he went out to play. 3.He died, leaving nothing

17、 for her son. 4, He hurried to the station , only to find the train had left. 6. He got up early to catch the bus.训练题二 适当形式填空(非谓做状语)1._, he failed in the exam.(disappoint)2. Old people can hardly walk as_as young people.(quick)3. You are_ wrong.(absolute)4. He walked in the dark,_( fright)5._, I was here for you.(fortunate)状语位置 归纳【地点状语】1.以句末为主， 2. 句前为辅，3.句中也可以【时间状语】1. 常用于句末 2. 强调是位于句首少数情况下位于句中【频度副词】单个的频度副词都是表示不精准的频率，这样的副词通常用在句中，有两个位置：1. be动词和第一个助动词（包括情态动词）之后2. 无助动词（包括情态动词）时，直接放在谓语动词之前。这