专四模拟2详解

1、参考答案：Tuberculosis Still Kills There are some “good” things about the disease of tuberculosis or TB. / One is that it can be cured. / Another is that TB is not spread by shaking hands or sharing dishes. / The occasional cough or sneeze from a nearby stranger doesnt transmit TB. / Yet TB still occurs

2、worldwide, / killing almost 2 million people a year! / Most victims are young or elderly who live in developing countries. TB usually attacks the lungs. / Common symptoms include lots of coughing, loss of appetite, and chest pain. / A simple skin test, followed if necessary by a chest x-ray, / will

3、determine if active TB exists. / If so, a doctor will prescribe antibiotics. / More than a billion people have inactive TB. / It becomes active and life-threatening only when a persons immune system weakens / because of aging or a serious illness.1参考答案： ATIP：文中提到It is called Sister Carrie. It is abo

4、ut a woman named Carrie who leaves her country home to earn a living in Chicago and New York. How do you like Sister Carrie?可知随后的谈话主要围绕作品进行。2参考答案： ATIP：文中提到Now most other authors of that time would have punished the character to provide a moral lesson, but Dreiser has Carrie become a successful actr

5、ess at the end.可知Sister Carrie所表达的思想和当时的主流不吻合。3参考答案： CTIP：文中提到W: Hi, Ed. Looks like you were here early. M: Yeah. Class doesnt start for ten more minutes, so I put up the novel Im reading.可知两人准备上课，时间尚早，一人拿出小说来看，推知为同学关系。SCRIPT:W: Hi, Ed. Looks like you were here early.M: Yeah. Class doesnt start for

6、ten more minutes, so I put up the novel Im reading.W: What is it?M: It is called Sister Carrie. It is about a woman named Carrie who leaves her country home to earn a living in Chicago and New York.W: Oh, Ive studied Theodore Dreiser (美国小说家). How do you like Sister Carrie? M: Its not what I expected

7、. On the back cover it says the book created a lot of controversy when it was first published in 1900. It even says the publisher withdrew out from market after only 500 copies were sold. But I dont see why.W: Well. The novel might not be shocking by our standards but it sure created a stir then. Th

8、ink about what Carrie does. She leaves her country home and gets caught up in some personal scandals in the city. Now most other authors of that time would have punished the character to provide a moral lesson, but Dreiser has Carrie become a successful actress at the end.M: Wow, that puts the story

9、 in a different perspective. I bet Dreiser must have been discouraged when the publisher took it off from market. W: He sure was. He stopped writing fictions for a while and did work as a journalist and an editor.4参考答案： DTIP：文中提到Before we begin todays topic, Id like to review the phases of child lan

10、guage acquisition that we went over yesterday.可知对话的中心是复习儿童语言习得的阶段。5参考答案： CTIP：文中提到But that at about three months of age baby starts to utter the first sounds that resemble language sounds. The sounds of consonants like k and g可知三个月大的婴儿开始发出类似语音的声音如辅音k，g。6参考答案： CTIP：文中提到Well, between six months and on

11、e year of age, babies begin to associate sounds with meaning.由此推知在这个年龄段婴儿能将动物如“猪”、“狗”等声音和其意义联系起来。7参考答案： CTIP：文中提到what linguists are still trying to determine is how this language acquisition takes place可知语言学家仍然对语言习得机制不很了解。SCRIPT:M: Before we begin todays topic, Id like to review the phases of child

12、language acquisition that we went over yesterday. Whod like to summarize for us? Yes, Lisa.W: Well, first of all, you said that new-borns only make rudimentary vocalizations because the voice box isnt in position for speech yet. But that at about three months of age baby starts to utter the first so

13、unds that resemble language sounds. The sounds of consonants like “k” and “g”.M: Thats right. And after this stage come the meaningless syllables, a consonant followed by a vowel. For example, the “dada” sounds. And at the next stage comes a real breakthrough. Can you tell us about that, Lisa?W: Wel

14、l, between six months and one year of age, babies begin to associate sounds with meaning. So, when you say “dog”, they know youre referring to the four-legged animal that is their house pet. At this stage they start to build a vocabulary. And in a matter of months they are learning ten to twenty new

15、 words a day. This vocabulary growth continues until adolescents.M: Right. And isnt it amazing that by the time children are two or three years old they are stringing sentences together? Certainly no one would dispute that children had a tremendous capacity for learning language, what linguists are

16、still trying to determine is how this language acquisition takes place.8参考答案： BTIP：文中提到Well, I have a new project I thought you might be interested in. Im setting up a writers group. You know a support group for people who trying to get published.可知Diana有个新的项目，帮助同学在校报上发文章。9 参考答案： BTIP：文中提到Im working

17、 on a short story that Id like to get published in the campus literary review.可知男士想在校园文学评论上发表自己的短篇小说。10参考答案： ATIP：文中提到Professor Michel has agreed to sit in on a few sessions and shes also going to make up a list of local professionals who might be willing to spend some time with us.可知教授会对他们的写作项目提供一些

18、帮助，如参加讨论、邀请当地的专家等。SCRIPT:M: Hello.W: Hi, Tom, its Diana from creator writing class.M: Oh, hi, Diana, Whats up?W: Well, I have a new project I thought you might be interested in. Im setting up a writers group. You know a support group for people who trying to get published. M: Um, how would it work?W

19、: We get together once a week. Ive already arranged for a meeting room in the library, and then we share what we were working on and offer each other the advice.M: I could use some advice. Im working on a short story that Id like to get published in the campus literary review. Youve done that havent

20、 you? Didnt I see a poem of yours in last issue?W: Yes, I was so excited to finally see my work and print. It was my third submission. You just have to keep trying if they turn you down. M: Well Im sure the group could help me, but I dont know how much I can contribute. Im really just starting out.

21、I do a lot of work, but Im definitely still in novels.W: Thats OK, I know from your comments in class, and you will be an asset. We are going to get some more experiences to help too. Professor Michel has agreed to sit in on a few sessions and shes also going to make up a list of local professionals

22、 who might be willing to spend some time with us.M: Sounds great. You can definitely count me in.11参考答案： DTIP：文中提到It is said that the American public has never shown much interest in the game called soccer in the United States.可知这篇文章的话题是美国足球。American football是橄榄球。12参考答案： CTIP：文中提到This is a mother wh

23、o spends a lot of time driving her children to soccer games and watching them compete. Soccer is increasing in popularity among Americans.可知足球妈妈对美国足球的贡献很大。13参考答案： CTIP： 文中提到The United States national team has qualified for four World Cup competitions. The new Major League Soccer Organization has bee

24、n making progress since it began about ten years ago.可知美国足球进步很大，已经四次进入世界杯。SCRIPT: It is said that the American public has never shown much interest in the game called soccer in the United States. However, this is only true of older Americans. These adults did not play soccer when they were children.

25、 They did not grow up with the sport as people in other countries have. Sports like American football, baseball and basketball have always been more popular in the United States than soccer. Children are making soccer more popular in the United States because almost anyone can play the game. There a

26、re teams for girls, boys, older children and young adults. Some Americans have become interested in soccer because their children play. This has produced a new American expression, “soccer mom.” This is a mother who spends a lot of time driving her children to soccer games and watching them compete.

27、 Soccer is increasing in popularity among Americans. The United States national team has qualified for four World Cup competitions. The new Major League Soccer Organization has been making progress since it began about ten years ago. The increased use of the Internet is permitting American soccer fa

28、ns to communicate with those in other parts of the world. And more television stations are broadcasting soccer games. Still, most Americans say they would rather play soccer than watch it on television.14参考答案： DTIP：文中提到Jane Austen was born on 16 December 1775以及In 1801 the family moved to Bath.可推知在Au

29、sten 26岁时家人移居Bath。15参考答案： CTIP：文中提到Her next novel Pride and Prejudice, which she described as her “own darling child” received highly favourable reviews.可知获得好评的小说是傲慢与偏见。16参考答案： ATIP：文中提到Emma was dedicated to the prince regent, an admirer of her work.可知爱玛一书是献给仰慕她的作品的王储。17参考答案： DTIP：文中提到She travelled

30、to Winchester to receive treatment, and died there on 18 July 1817.可推知Austen在Winchester去世。SCRIPT: Jane Austen was an English novelist whose books, set among the English middle and upper classes, are notable for their wit, social observation and insights into the lives of early 19th century women. Ja

31、ne Austen was born on 16 December 1775 in the village of Steventon in Hampshire. She was one of eight children of a clergyman and grew up in a close-knit family. She began to write as a teenager. In 1801 the family moved to Bath. After the death of Janes father in 1805, Jane, her sister Cassandra an

32、d their mother moved several times eventually settling in Chawton, near Steventon. Janes brother Henry helped her negotiate with a publisher and her first novel, Sense and Sensibility, appeared in 1811. Her next novel Pride and Prejudice, which she described as her “own darling child” received highl

33、y favourable reviews. Mansfield Park was published in 1814, then Emma in 1816. Emma was dedicated to the prince regent, an admirer of her work. All of Jane Austens novels were published anonymously. In 1816, Jane began to suffer from ill-health, probably due to Addisons disease. She travelled to Win

34、chester to receive treatment, and died there on 18 July 1817. Two more novels, Persuasion and Northanger Abbey were published posthumously and a final novel was left incomplete.18参考答案： ATIP：文中提到The lack of clean drinking water is a major problem worldwide.可知此文的重心是饮用水，而且出现频率最高的短语也是drinking water。19参考

35、答案： DTIP：文中提到Nearly seven hundred thousand people in Asia and the Pacific lack safe drinking water. The worlds poorest countries are also the ones that use the most water for agriculture. This leads to an increase in diseases like diarrhea, the second leading cause of death in children under five.但是

36、没有提到欧洲的一些国家农业灌溉缺水。20参考答案： BTIP：文中提到The American and South Korean researchers are investigating a new technology for turning sea water into drinking water.可知韩国和美国的研究人员正在做实验，从海水中提取饮用水。SCRIPT: The lack of clean drinking water is a major problem worldwide. More than one billion people live in areas wher

37、e renewable water resources are not available. The problem is especially serious in Asia and the Pacific. Water availability in that area is the second lowest in the world, after Africa. Nearly seven hundred thousand people in Asia and the Pacific lack safe drinking water. The worlds poorest countri

38、es are also the ones that use the most water for agriculture. Agriculture uses about eighty percent of the water in the Asia-Pacific area. The lack of clean drinking water around the world forces millions of people to drink unsafe water. This leads to an increase in diseases like diarrhea, the secon

39、d leading cause of death in children under five. The American and South Korean researchers are investigating a new technology for turning sea water into drinking water. The new technology is called ion concentration polarization. The process uses electricity to help separate electrically charged sal

40、t particles from water to make it drinkable. The researchers tested their desalination process on a computer chip the size of a postage stamp. The chip removed ninety-nine percent of the salt and other harmful substances from water samples. So far the method purifies only small amounts of water. But

41、 the researchers say it may someday be available as a personal water purification product.21参考答案： CTIP：文中提到Disaster management officials in Indonesia struggled Friday to deliver aid to victims of a tsunami, while the nations most active volcano continued to spew searing gases and ash.可知印尼同时遭受火山爆发和海啸

42、的袭击。22参考答案： CTIP：文中提到The volcanic activity combined with Mondays tsunami in the remote Mentawai islands pushed the death toll from the two disasters above 400.可知两次灾害至少导致400人死亡。SCRIPT: Disaster management officials in Indonesia struggled Friday to deliver aid to victims of a tsunami, while the nation

43、s most active volcano continued to spew searing gases and ash. In central Java, Mount Merapi, which killed 33 people and forced 40,000 people to flee their homes, erupted again Friday, although there were no further reports of casualties. The volcanic activity combined with Mondays tsunami in the re

44、mote Mentawai islands pushed the death toll from the two disasters above 400. Hope is also fading for hundreds of people listed as missing since a three-meter high wave struck, only minutes after a 7.7-magnitude earthquake hit the area. 23参考答案： DTIP：文中提到Leaders of Southeast nations and their neighbo

45、rs are meeting in Hanoi to discuss economic and political concerns.可知会议的重心是经济和政治议题。24参考答案： DTIP：文中提到Leaders of Southeast nations and their neighbors are meeting in Hanoi to discuss economic and political concerns.可知会议在越南首都河内召开。SCRIPT: Leaders of Southeast nations and their neighbors are meeting in H

46、anoi to discuss economic and political concerns. The leaders of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations are holding talks Friday with Japan, South Korea, and China before meeting with United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. Concerns are expected to be raised about Burmas elections and China

47、s increasingly assertive claims on maritime territories. ASEAN Secretary-General Surin Pitsuwan said Thursday that discussions are mainly about economic concerns. Also on Friday, the foreign ministers of Japan and China met on the sidelines of the ASEAN conference, to discuss ways to improve their t

48、ense relationship.25参考答案： CTIP：文中提到Thirteen bodies have been dug up from the rubble of collapsed buildings, but there are still no clear signs of a busload of Chinese tourists missing since Thursday.可知台风导致一辆满载大陆游客的汽车失踪，正在营救。26参考答案： CTIP：文中提到They are searching on foot, from helicopters and in vessels

49、 in the sea. Officials say the bus may have been buried under tons of mud and rocks, or washed out to sea.可知营救队出动了直升飞机、船只去寻找公共汽车和游客。SCRIPT: The typhoon has left Taiwan, but the number of people dead is just beginning to rise. Thirteen bodies have been dug up from the rubble of collapsed buildings, b

50、ut there are still no clear signs of a busload of Chinese tourists missing since Thursday. The 19 tourists, their tour guide and driver are believed to have been travelling on a coastal highway, when rockslides and heavy rain caused portions of the road to collapse. More than 200 search and rescue w

51、orkers continue to comb a steep mountainside and rocky coastal area for signs of the bus and its occupants. They are searching on foot, from helicopters and in vessels in the sea. Officials say the bus may have been buried under tons of mud and rocks, or washed out to sea.27参考答案： BTIP：文中提到Officials

52、say thousands of workers first blocked one of the citys key link roads and then started attacking several cars in a factory district.可知话题是工人罢工、堵塞交通、袭击汽车等等。28参考答案： DTIP：文中提到Some of the workers unions have rejected the new minimum wage of $43 a month for garment factory workers announced by the govern

53、ment on Thursday. They want a minimum salary of at least $70.可知罢工的根源是最低月薪没有达到纺织厂工人的要求。SCRIPT: Officials say thousands of workers first blocked one of the citys key link roads and then started attacking several cars in a factory district. A senior police official said that the protesters later starte

54、d throwing stones at the factories. He said another group of garment factory workers had targeted some luxury shops, looting the contents and then setting fire to the buildings. Additional police forces have been rushed to the scene. Some of the workers unions have rejected the new minimum wage of $

55、43 a month for garment factory workers announced by the government on Thursday. They want a minimum salary of at least $70. More than three million people, mostly women, work in Bangladeshs garment industry, which is a key sector of the countrys economy.29参考答案： ATIP：文中提到The global financial crisis l

56、ed to a rise in corruption in some richer countries, according to Transparency International which monitors corruption across the globe.可知经济危机使得一些富裕的国家腐败现象增多。30参考答案： CTIP：文中提到There is no progress across Africa as a whole with consistently the same level of corruption as last year.可知非洲的腐败现象仍很严重，没有取得进

57、展。SCRIPT: The global financial crisis led to a rise in corruption in some richer countries, according to Transparency International which monitors corruption across the globe. Transparency International concludes that some countries in Europe have become more corrupt in the past year. Russia has fal

58、len eight to No. 154, and the report points out that corruption has increased significantly in the UK over the last five years. As for the least corrupt countries, Denmark, New Zealand and Singapore come out on top again. Launching the report, Transparency Internationals chairwoman said the vital issue was enforcement, without which all laws around the world are of little value. There is no progress across Africa as a whole with consistently the same level of corruption as last year. Meanwhile, Latin Ame