FIVE VERB PATERNS 五大句型语法总结(修订版)

1、未来FIVE VERBS PATTERNS（五大基本句型）一 S. V. O. 主+谓+宾 Im reading a book. He has finished his work. Mr. Kim married Ms. Lee.二 S. V. O. C. 主+谓+宾+宾补 He pushed the door open. They called him “little Tom”.三S. V. o. O. 主+谓+双宾语 He gave me a book. His arrival caused me a lot of trouble.四S. V. A. 主+谓（+状） Nothing mat

2、ters. Men pass away, but the universe remains. Who cares?五S. V. C. 主+系+表Im a student. She looks unhappy. The lift went wrong. It proves correct.A. 可以用来做主语的有:1、名词：A foreign language is a weapon（武器） in the struggle of life.2、代词：人称代词（主格）：you, I, he/she/it, they, we；名词性物主代词：mine,yours,his/hers/its,thier

3、s,ours；指示代词：this/that, these/those；不定代词：all/ much/a lot/ a great deal/ a little/little ,any,some,no与-thing,-body等的合成词；疑问代词：who,what,which等注意：1）否定句不能以any及any的合成代词做主语，如： Anything cannot stop him doing so.(X)-Nothing can stop 2） 定代词much，lot等多用于被动：Much has been done against the pollution. 3) It做主语的句型 （以

4、后详述）3、数词（基数词，序数词，分数，百分比等）：Two is enough. 40% of the students passed the exam.4、动名词：1）泛指的，一般的，规律性的：Driving in the rush hour is not a pleasing thing. His studying hard earns him great respect./ led him to success.2） 固定搭配:Spending a lot of time doing such things is no good.- Its no good spending Its no

5、 use/useless/dangerous/ a waste of time doing sth.(后两者有时也搭配不定式) There is no telling/ knowing （无法说出/知道）5、不定式：1）具体的，（有时指）未做要做的： For a bridge to collapse（坍塌）like that is unbelievable.-It is unbelievable for a bridge to (For me) to translate this article into English will take at least 3 hours.- It will

6、 take me 3 hours to2） 固定搭配：Its good/bad manners to do Its necessary/ (im)possible/(in)convenient/ difficult/easy for sb. to do Its stupid /clever/ kind /cruel /rude of sb. to do Its right/wrong / polite/ wise of/ for sb. to do 3）疑问词+ 不定式When to start hasnt been decided yet.6、主语从句：分三类：1）以what（所的）/wha

7、tever（所的一切）/whoever（一切的人）、when、where、how等疑问词引起 的主从。What you need (= The thing that you need ) is more practice.What is hard(=The thing that is hard ) is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.Whatever was said(= Anything that is said) here must be kept secret.Whoever fails to see this(=

8、Anybody who fails to see this ) will make a big mistake.2）that从句，多借it用做形式主语，从句置后。Its certain that It occurred to me that It seemed/appeared/happened that Its pity that（详见“名词性从句”部分的讲义）3). whether 及if引导的从句 可直接于句首做主语，也可用it做形主。从句在句首时，不用if，只用whether: Whether she will go or not is up to her to decide. -It

9、 is up to her to decide When the plane takes off is not announced yet.- It is not announced yet whenB. 谓语种类：1.不及物动词&不及物动词短语 comecome out , get up 2. 及物动词&及物动词短语 see, look at , put up， take care of , pay attention to 3. 系动词此项重点：， 动词的时态（种）， 语态：主动被动，语气：陈述语气虚拟语气（见讲义），情态动词：must, may, can, dare，助动词（即：帮助谓语

10、构成时态，语态，语气等的词）has, have, will, do, does6, 主谓一致 被动语态注意问题：只有当谓语动词是及物动词，后面接名词代词为宾语时，才有被动。变被动时，要注意谓语动词的完整性（介词不能落掉）: Women are looked down upon in the old society.The baby is being taken care of by a baby-sitter. Hes afraid of being laughed at. / No decision has been arrived at. / Has a doctor been sent

11、for ? . sell, wash, write, cut, break等词，用来强调主语事物的特点时，用主动形式。注意比较： a. The door doesnt lock. 这门锁不上。The door wasnt locked.这门没锁。 b. The book sells well. 这本书很好卖。The book was sold.这本书被卖掉了。 c. The cloth washes well.这种布很好洗。 The cloth was well washed. 这块布（被）洗得很干净。 再如：The knife cuts well. / The pen writes well

12、. / The shoes wear well./ The car drives easily. The glass breaks easily./ The sign reads as follows.这告示内容如下。 The chimney doesnt smoke well.这烟囱排烟不好。再比较这样一组：The door wont fit.这门怎么也关不上。（已对付了好长时间）The door doesnt fit.这门关不上。（只是描述一般特征）The radio wont repair.这收音机怎么也修不好。（同例），特殊形式的被动语态，不用by而有自己的固定搭配的：1)Everyb

13、ody knows him. - He was known to everybody. 2) The news surprised her.-She was surprised at the news.(She was surprised by the great noise.)3)The work we had done satisfied the boss. - The boss was satisfied with the work we had done.4)Snow covers the ground.-The ground was covered with snow.5) The

14、method interests me.-Im interested in6). The matter worried him.- He was worried about the matter.，“据说，听说，据信，众所周知”等的被动语态：(think, believe, suppose, expect, etc) They say she is an honest girl.- It is said that she is an honest girl.- She is said to be an honest girl.We all know that water can be turn

15、ed into vapour. - It is known to us all that - As we all know, water - As is known to us all, water，注意区别被动语态与be done表状态的系表结构： He is drunk./ They are united. / The boy is hidden behind the door. / The baby is seated on its mothers legs. Her necklace was gone /lost. / His eyes were fixed upon her hair

16、./ She is dressed in red today. 以上不表被动，而是表一种状态。，有些不能变为被动的：1)宾语是反身代词或相互代词（即each other/one another） 2) 宾语是动名词或不定式的。C. 可以做宾语的有：，名词：Shes reading a book.以下名词做的宾语被称为“同源宾语”，即是由同根动词转化而来的： We live a happy life./ He laughed a merry laugh. / He died a heroic death. / I dreamed a sweet dream.，代词：可做宾语的代词形式有：人称代词

17、的宾格，如：me, you, him, her, us, them, etc.； 名词性物主代词：mine, hers, his, yours, theirs, ours, etc ；反身代词：oneself；不定代词：anything/something /nothing, much ,a lot, a little, all, etc；相互代词：each other, one another.注意：用人称代词做宾语时，需用宾格形式！在口语中，如果不紧跟在介词后，whom可用who代替： Who(whom ) should I give the letter to?但：Is this the

18、 man about whom you have talked so much ?，数词：How many do you need?- We need two.4,名词化的形容词及其他: They sent the wounded to the nearby hospital.5, 动名词（及其复合结构短语）：1），必须接动名词做宾语的动词：admit, advise = propose = suggest ,allow = permit, appreciate（感激）, avoid（避免）, consider（考虑）, dislike(与like doing/to do不同), delay,

19、 enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forbid, imagine , mind, miss（错过 ）, risk（冒险）, practise, understand(容忍), etc.put off, give up, cant help, etc.2）介词后keep on, insist on, dream of, think of , be fond of, be tired of, be /feel ashamed of, be proud of, set about, get down to, look forward to, devoteto , loo

20、k forward to, get/be used to, feel like, prevent/stop /keep from , be interest in, etc6, 不定式（短语）：1），必须接不定式做宾语的动词：六望：hope, wish, want, expect, long, desire三求：ask, beg, demand（难坏某领导），（他）发誓：swear愿意：care, would/should like 设法：manage帮助：help（按）计划：plan答应：promise（吧），（又有些）害怕：fear，（是）同意：agree（还是）拒绝：refuse未能：f

21、ail选定：choose（终于）决定：decide, determine提出：offer假装: pretend（他病了）。2)、疑问词+ 不定式：a，多跟在know, wonder, decide, find out等之后做宾语。b, 疑问词不定式可转化成从句： I dont know where to put the book.- I dont know where I should put the book. Tell me what to do next.- Tell me what I should do next. He asked me how to work out the pr

22、oblem. - He asked me how he should work out the problem.，不定式动名词都能接：）意思差别不大的：a). start/ begin: He started/ began to read/ reading the book. 但：下列三种情况只能接不定式：i）后是表大脑思维的动词 understand/ know/realize/ see/ wonder about 例：He began/started to understand that what I said was correct.ii) begin/ start本身为进行式时: Th

23、e train is beginning to move.；iii) 物做主语时: The water began to freeze. b) like/love/ prefer doing :泛指习惯；like/love /prefer to do特指具体某次活动: 例：I like swimming, but I dont like to (swim) today.注意：prefer的搭配:prefer doing to doing / prefer to do rather than doc).continue to do = continue doing ）意思差别大的：a) reme

24、mber/ forget +doing (做过某事，有时可用having done)；而to do (未做)例：I remember seeing (having seen ) him before. = I remember that I have seen him before.Remember to lock the door when you leave.I forgot asking you the question.= I forgot that I had asked you the question already(sorry to bother you again.)I fo

25、rgot to ask him the question.我忘了去问他这个问题了。b) regret + doing (后悔做过某事) ；而+to do (遗憾地，这时动词多为：inform, tell,say,etc)I regret not attending / having attended his wedding. = I regret that I didnt attend his wedding.I regret to tell you / inform you that youve been fired.我很遗憾地通知你被解雇了。c) mean doing (意味着); mea

26、n to do (意欲，意图，想做什么)That you missed the last bus meant walking back home ./ Sorry to have hurt you, but I didnt mean to.d) try / attempt doing (尝试做某事) ; try/ attempt to do (尽力做某事)= try / do ones best to doe) stop doing (停止正在做的事); stop to do (停下来去做别的)He stopped listening to the music and got down to

27、work./ He stopped to listen to some music for fun.d) go on doing (继续做同一件事) ; go on to do (作完一件，接着做别的事) She went on typing after a rest. / She went on to clean the house after typing .），当“需要（由谁来做某事）”时，need/ want/ require 后面接doing / to be done The house needs / wants/ requires repairing/ to be repaire

28、d. The boy needs taking care of/ to be taken care of.比较：They need/ want to come earlier.，宾语从句 与主语从句一样，也有三类：1）what及其它疑问词引起的从句 2）that从句 3）由whether/if引起的从句 1）what 从句可以自由的用在动词后面（a）；或介词后面（b）a) Ill try to make up what I have missed. Ill show you what I have put down in my note-book. Ill give you whatever

29、help you need.They gave whoever came to the meeting a booklet.b) This reminded me of what he had once told us. She was never satisfied with what she had achieved. People in the north sleep on what is called“kang”.You can write about whatever topic you can think of .2）that从句常用在 a) say, think, insist,

30、 hope, suppose, see, hear, believe, agree, admit, expect, explain, dream, feel, declare, imagine, intend, wonder, know, mean, notice, report之后。doubt的否定和疑问式接that从句；肯定式接whether/ if 引导的从句。 例： They doubted whether he was honest./ They didnt doubt that he was leave. b) 用在suggest, advise, order, demand, r

31、equire, insist, wish等动词后要用虚拟语气。注意下列句型之间 的转换： i) They suggested (that) they should start early.- They suggested starting early. They suggested (that ) we should start early. - They suggested us/ our starting early. 但：ii)They advised they should start early.- They advised starting early. They advised

32、we should start early.- they advised us to start early. iii) He ordered/commanded that she should sit down.- He ordered her to sit down. iv) They required that they should be sent to the west to work.- They required to be sent to the They we should go to the front. - They required us to go to the fr

33、ont. v) They demanded they should be sent to hospital.- They demanded to be sent to hospital. 不存在demand sb.to do vi) They insisted that they do the work at once. - They insisted on doing the work at once. the work should be done at once. - They insisted on the works being done at once.3) 连接代词或副词及whe

34、ther/if 引起的从句只是用在某些动词后作宾语：a）这类动词是see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discover, discuss, understand, advise, etc 例：Have you decided whom you are to invite to the party?- Have you decided whom to invite to the party ? Lets see how we can work out

35、 this problem.- Lets see how to work out the problem. We must find out who did all this. (不能变疑词+不定式)D复合宾语（宾语+ 宾语补足语）：可以做宾补的有：1名词：He made London the base for his revolutionary work.1)名词做宾补只跟在有限的一些动词后，这些动词是：call, name, make, elect, choose, leave, find, consider（认为）, leave, keep等: 例：They found her a ve

36、ry suitable person for the job. / We must keep it a secret. We consider it a good plan./ His parents died, and left him an orphan./ They named their son Dong Dong.表官衔或职务的名词做宾补时，不加冠词。这些名词是：chairman, minister, mayor, president, headmaster,captain, monitor（有时，它们做主补，表语，同位语，甚至主语时也不加）例：We elected him chai

37、rman of the students union.（宾补） （原来的宾语提到前面做主语，- He was elected chairman of the students union.（主补）， 宾补也就变成主补） *宾语与宾补之间有一种逻辑上的主谓关系；而双宾语之间则没有。2.形容词 接adj做宾补的动词有：boil, burn, cut, beat, drive（使）, fill, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, wash, wipe, wish, etc.例：drive sb. mad

38、force / push the door open raise ones head high set sb.free cut the trousers shortwash the sheet clean dye（染） the cloth black/ paint the wall red keep ones eyes open/ closed/ half-closedbeat the boy black and blue I want my eggs soft. *以上两类有时宾语部分是一个从句（a），不定式（b）或动名词（c），这时通常要用it形式主语代替它，把宾语 放到句后：a) The

39、y found it strange that no one should come. I remember that I made it quite clear to you that I was not coming.b) I felt it my duty to report it to the teacher./How did you find it to achieve ones aim by cheating ?c) Do you consider it any good talking with him?3.带to的动词不定式：1）to be: admit/ find/ thin

40、k/ prove / suppose / imagine/ believe / know/ feel/ consider + 宾语 + to be 例：He admitted the work to be difficult./ I cant bear（忍受） you to be so noisy.* consider/ think/ believe/ suppose/ prove /find等后面的to be可以省；但know, feel, observe后面的不能省！例：They considered the boy (to be ) clever/ a clever boy. = The

41、y considered that the boy was clever/ a clever boy.但：They know the man to be a spy.（不省）2) to do 接to do 做宾补的动词有：advise, allow=permit, forbid, ask, beg, cause, choose, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, help, invite, lead=cause(引起，导致),leave, would like/love/ prefer, intend/mean, order, persuade, p

42、repare, promise, remind , require/request, teach, tell, trouble, want, warn, wish,etc例 ： Didnt tell you not to do so ?/ The rain caused the wheat to grow fast. He prepared himself to accept the defeat./ He allowed / permitted/ forbade me to enter the lab.*i）hope, demand, agree不可接做宾补， 即不存在 + 宾语+ to d

43、o(agree可接agree to ones doing)ii） advise, allow, permit, forbid + doing或+ 宾语 + to doHe forbade smoking in the lab./ He forbade us to smoke in the lab.= We were forbidden to smoke iii） He promised me to come earlier.= He promised me that he would come earlier.比较：He expected me to come earlier. = He ex

44、pected that I could come earlier.4.不带to的不定式做宾补：接这种宾补的动词有：感官动词：see, look at, hear, listen to, notice, watch, observe, feel, etc.使役动词：make, let, have 实意动词：help例：I didnt notice him enter./ What makes you think so ?/ She likes to have her room look neat and tidy. May I help you weed the garden ?/ Ill le

45、t you know as soon as I hear from her.注意：i) 感官动词后不带to的宾补表示动作的全过程；变被动时，则要加上to（包括make在内）： Did you see anybody come in ?- Was anybody seen to come in. The boss made them work all day and all night.- They were made to work all day and all night.ii) let不用于被动，若需要，可用allow代替。 I wont let the dog enter my roo

46、m-The dog wont be allowed to enter my room. iii) have sb. do无被动。5.现在分词：现在分词做宾补与前面的宾语之间是1）主动的关系2）表示宾语正进行某动作接现在分词做宾补的动词：a）上述 感官动词+ smell, find, catch, imagine例：I heard him playing the piano when I passed his house. I could feel my heart beating very fast. / We caught him cheating in the exam. b) have/

47、 leave / keep等 +宾语 + doing表示“让宾语处于 的状态”He left the man standing outside in the rain./ Sorry to have kept you waiting.I do mind having been kept waiting here in the cold weather for such a long time.He had the horse running all the time.* have sb.doing用在否定式中，表“允许”I wont have you speaking that way!c)

48、set/ send/ get/ start等+ 宾语+ 表示“让宾语（开始）运做起来”A slight touch may send you floating in the air.His speech set us thinking./ They soon got the machine running.6.过去分词：过分做宾补与宾语之间是一种被动的关系： They found the room crowded with people./ I cannot make myself understood. Please have/get your blood tested in the nex

49、t room./ I would like some details left out from the letter.(删掉) I found my room broken into/ my book lost/gone/ missing. I found everyone seated. /him hidden behind the door./ him lost in deep thought.7.介词短语或副词（短语）： Please make yourself at home./ I found everything in good order./ I considered her

50、ideas out of date. Did you find him in ?E. 双宾语（间接宾语 + 直接宾语）：1.谓语 + 间宾 + 直宾 = 谓语 + 直宾 + to + 间宾 Please show me your passport. = Please show your passport to me. It caused me much trouble. = It caused much trouble to me. I owe you a lot. = I owe a lot to you./ Smoking can do us great harm. = Smoking c

51、an do great harm to us. 这类谓语动词有：give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, pay, charge,throw, allow, wish, teach, promise, award, owe, refuse, deny, etc. 注意：do sb. good/harm = do good / harm to sb do sb. wrong = do wrong to sb. 但：do sb a favour = do a favour

52、for sb.2.谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 = 谓语 + 直接宾语 + for +间接宾语 Such an arrangement will spare (= save ) us a lot of trouble.= will spare/ save a lot of trouble for us. 这样的安排可以为我们省很多麻烦。 They asked me to sing them an English song. = me to sing an English song for them. 这类谓语动词有：make, buy, fetch, do, get, paint, sin

53、g, play, save, spare, order, cook, find, etcF.系动词 + 表语1.系动词的种类：1）be 2) feel, look, sound, taste, smell 3) seem, appear4）become, grow, get, turn, fall, go, come, run 5) remain, continue, stay, keep, rest6) prove , turn out第1）2）3）类单纯表示一个特征或状态；第4）类表示由一种状态变为另一种状态；第5）类表示保持某种状态；第6）类表示证实或结果（转为）什么状态。以下为各自用法

54、：*感官系动词多接：i) n. & adj He looks an energetic man./ He looks strong. ii) like等引起的介词短语 It looks like rain. / It sounded like a train going under my feet. *但不能在以上结构前前加to be！ iii) as if/ as though引起的从句，表推测，有时用虚拟：She looks as if she were ill.*seem, appear多接: i) n. & adj This seems to me an ideal(理想的)job.H

55、e seems quite happy with the work.He seemed even more anxious than I to get it done.The enemy appears powerful, but in fact it is weak. ii)分词 He seemed lacking in experience in this kind of job./ The boss seemed satisfied with me.iii) 介词短语Everybody seems in high spirits./ These books seemed to me like old friends. *以上三种情况皆为前面省略了to be，也可以加上。 s