高一定语从句导学案

1、高一定语从句导学案高一定语从句(the attribiveluse) 导学案【学习目标】 :1、掌握定语从句的定义。 、掌握关系代词that, o, whih， hom和whse的用法。3、掌握关系副词whe,here，wy的用法。4、掌握介词+which的用法.、能够灵活运用定语从句。 【学习方法】 ：、根据学案中所给出的练习总结定语从句的用法。、背诵典型句子、多做练习进行运用和分析【语法知识点】1. 定语从句-在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或整个主句2. 先行词-被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的

2、先行词之后。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。3. 关系词-在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词，分成关系代词和关系副词4. 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用：连接- 连接定语从句和主句替代-替代前面的先行词成分- 在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分 （主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语）例1. a huge rck (tat ws et kilometre ng and thrty mees wie) （先行词) (关系词） (定语从句)tacossoue, ads ndcnls.【学习过程】art1 关系词的使用1、完成表格关系代词先行词（指人或物）在从句中充当什么成分例句分析tat指人/物

3、作主语、宾语(作宾语时可以省略)a huge rack tat was iht kiet lon and thir metres wide cuarossouse， rads nd anls.idont noabout t n(tat)yo mentioned.wo指人作主语he umber o peoe wo wer killedr seruly ijured rehedor than 40,00.whom指人作宾语(可以省略)hema (hom) yo me yesteday is r. smit.e by (who)youa loon for ishiden behnd e tre.hc

4、h指物作主语、宾语(作宾语时可以省略）then,ter ht afternoon,another big quae whc w lot as strong as te fis onshoo tangsanhe pen(wich） uncle gav eimsing.whose 指人/物作定语wkes built shelters or srvvr whosehomes had bee destroyd. .e homs owho ha endestroyed. f wo thems ad beendestoyed【注】wse + he +n. o which/wom 或 of w/ whom

5、+th +. as正如.指人/物作主语、宾语(不可省略)eave fon such matrialsa are usedi teratory.hsnot the same man ase was.as we all hadxpected,liuin on the gold medal in th cometin.关系副词先行词在从句中充当什么成分例句分析when =介词+whih时间时间状语istillememerthe day when / o whih ifirt came o tishan no.high cool.wher =介词whch地点地点状语this i the ilge he

6、r in which i ver lved.why = frwhich原因原因状语dyou ko hereaso why / for whchhei bsent?【注】 定语从句的关系副词he whe wh = 介词+which, 但反之并不一定。 如:english is subect iwhi inteesed2. 做题方法:（）找先行词（2）还原-把先行词放入定语从句(3)确定关系词【练习1】用关系代词hat, who，whm,which或hose 填空,并指出它们在从句中作何成分。1 he ggs _ i bugh yesteda wenotfresh (作_ ). prefs heg

7、o_ os fm hs arent farm（作_）3. te nodles_ou ooedwere deliios. （作_ ）4. he aw ahous _ windows wee ll broen. (作_ )5. t man _ ies nextous sels eables (作_ ）. i dot lke thepeople _ soke a lot. (作_ )7.iprfer dumling _ v j be cooke. （作_）8rink water _ o ben bile. (作_ )9.he man _you met ust ow is m eacer. (作_ ）

8、10. plne isa macine _ canl. （作_ )观察下面两组句子1. ths th hs _ic liv i.先行词指 ,关系词在句中作 语,应填 。. thisis t hos _ oclived. 先行词指 ,关系词在句中作 语,你知道应填什么关系词吗?2 a. he was bornin d_was vey hot.先行词指 ,关系词在句中作 语,应填 。b. was bn inaday _ it was vey hot. 先行词指 ,关系词在句中作 语。【指点迷津】当把先行词放回定语从句时,需要加上一个介词，说明先行词在定语从句中充当状语。如：wh aived, br

9、yn tok me to see thuse wre would beain. (还原:i wod be saying i theuse)【练习2】用关系副词when，whre,why填空，并指出它们在从句中作何成分。1. i mber the day_ ifirst ometo th shoo2. beijing is he lae _ iwas orn.3. this s th fator_i visie lstyear.4. is his terean _herfusedto hlp you？. il nvr foret theyeas _i sent wth you n the cy.

10、 . wealldint blieve the reasn _ he sa justnow【指点迷津】在定语从句中，如其先行词是抽象名词situatin,poin， posion ,ondiion, cse, sne， pot, sta等,如定语从句不缺主语、宾语和表语,则用关系副词whe occion -场合（whe) ;-时机；机会(e) 。如：wavreched astgewhere we hav mt norgts atll.ocaonsaequitrre hn i av the time to ped day ithm kids. (2008山东）havenverbeen to su

11、han ocaiowere pepleall dress formally.ex. hes gothimslfint a angrus sitution _h is lkelyto ls cntro ov te lan.a. wee b which c. wile d.why3、that和wich 关系代词只用tat的情况: 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时。 先行词是l， ny, erytg, anyhng, nn， the ne等不定代词时 当主句是who或whic引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只用 hat 先行词既包括人又包括物时。 先行词被he only, he ver, the sae,

12、 th last修饰时。. tis i tehighetbuilding _ ive eve sn. ireally dnt kno ayting _ happeedto jim yesterda who is he man _ is standingovethee? o,hei mmatteacer. .hey ae taing otthngs nd eons _th sa there a ew ays ago. 关系代词只用hch的情况：引导非限制性定语从句； 关系词前有介词； 先行词本身是that。. he tee, isfour ndredyars old, is vy fmohere

13、. . wdpndthe ld fom we t ur fod. . at yotoldhim out is wat we ant to know. who 和 ha在什么情况下只用w 不用that？ al / tose 作先行词且指人； 在hree结构中,先行词指人; 先行词是指人的不定代词one, anyone， noon, all, nody, anyod,non。.those _ want t o to ciema avo wait at thega th school.ther is a sranr wats o ee ou. one oent work har will erucc

14、d ns work.4、先行词是way的定语从句 1）te way_ you solved te proble i not h es ne.2)this is ewy _ he old me t solv th problem.【指点迷津】当先行词是h ay且在定语从句中充当状语时，关系连词有三种情况：in wich / tt/ 省略at2.介词+ whch/o1. 分析下列例句:（1)the an wm he is tlng tois y fate.th owhom he i lking ismy fate. （2）his the penwhich wro theltrih.thss h p

15、n wihwhichi wrote the letter【指点迷津】 （) “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时,如先行词是物, 用介词+whch; 如先行词是人, 用介词wom(2） 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可将介词提前到关系词前，构成“介词+whic / wm”()在固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词位于关系代词之前。如: look after， take cae of,lokfr等。判断正误:this is he pen or whchim lookg. （ ) his s the pen which imookng for. （ ). 如何确定定语从句中的介

16、词?先找出定语从句，将先行词放入定语从句中1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 this s ook_ which you skd2）看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配he rfrrdm tosom erence boks_ whihi ant very famiia3）根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词 搭配 tis is ur classroom ， _ whch there i achrs esk.【练习】用恰当的介词+whic/wom填空thi is he rok_the boyfell do n thesa. the fim star_e aled a ltyestray wllgive u

17、s aseechtomorow3. the wt lake _ hnghouis amous i te world will be mbeaful.4. theeao _he cold nooter wa thatis gradewas tolow.5. te pfss _m. sth sho hnsyestera hs me new iscveries n scne6. coudyo telmetheay _ yu arive?part 3定语从句中的动词的数1. heith onl oneof te studns hiscas wo _ (hav) got thischance.2. h

18、ison o he studens inhis claswho _(hae) got h teachrspai3. thoswh _ (wan） to o to thecinma mustbeat t schoolgateby 3：3.4. nyonewho _(wat) to go ttcnema mus b at h scool ateby3:30 p. 【指点迷津】关系词在定语从句中做主语时,谓语动词的数取决于先行词at 4 课后巩固练习一选择最佳选项。 1 the wolvs hid themseve in the lac_could e fond.a. were b.tht c. i

19、n hh d. in tha2. that re， _ branches r almost bre, is very ld.awhose b o wich c.in whh d. o ich3those_ nt onlyrom booksbut so thoug ractce illsucce.a. learn b. whlearn c. tha leas d. who 4. anyoe_i oiion may speak out.a. thataginst t aains c whois again d.w are agais5. c you endme hvl _ heoher dy?a.

20、 hy alked b you alked abouttc. whic ouakedwth d.you talked abut6. thetan_ she ws tralin waste.a. which b. were c nwhch . in tha7. o yo tl remember th appy day _ we sa n t rier i our vilg?. wich when c. tht d where8.ayth fouis e a _ cnee poplewilnevr rget.a. whc b w c ich d bout whic9. he hotel _e sa

21、yedrng r holays tadsby the sede.a wat b wch . wh d. tat10 i thatth rason _you ae n fvour the pposal? a. wi . what . why . ortht1 i dont ie _ ou eaktera tewb. heay i tht c.te way wchd. te y whih12there iln thig _ ican.a.wat . tht c. al d. ic3. i haeany oks, somof_ e on cheist.a. them b tt c which d.t

22、ose14. likth ecod foball ach _ was hed atweka hchb. wo . hat d. /15thi s ne of he bt fil _ s year a. ta have bn shown b that hae sw . that asben shon d. t ha n 16sh ws the nly oeof thgils n ourclass _ accepted as cnddefo he pesin of urstudent union. a. h w bhowere cwohs been d who a ben 17.is is tem

23、azn _ icd the pragrh. . hat .which .fromthat d fr whic 18. recty ouhtcd-han ca ws vry w. a. which pric b the pice of whe .is pic wse prie 19. ayone _hwhat i sid may ase your ad. a that agee . o gree c.who agrees d ta agre 20 te geawe loed ford t _ tlst.came b. come coming 二用关系词填空。1.th lace _ntereste

24、d me mst was he childespalace.2do you know tyear _hechinse mmunis prywas fouded? 3. great changes ae takenpace in e fctory _w ve beenwong sie hen.4. theyarv a amhuse， ifrt of _st sma bo. 5. i thre anyo inyur cass _family is ineoty? 6the etter i ro y ssr, _i workinin biji. . inour fatory here are 2,0

25、0wokers,w thid of _e oen. 8. iwillnverforget the day _ wwoedogether a the a_ we pt tet.9. mir hifr he w _ he facesdficulties 1.the reason_h didnt come w _hewas ill.1 - did ou ask huad whathapned? - es, he told all _hekne. 2isoygenteoy a _ elps fire bn? 1 hre cses _h ord “mighty”sua a averb.14 thetea

26、tmnt lloniue utilthe atient rahes he pint _ he ca walk orety and sfey. 5 there ar several resacheter inchina _a certain diease called birdlu is beigstdied.16. _ is knon to eerydy,aiwan i a rt o n 7some pictures of th rver brught te daysbck held_they sam int. 18. ho is theoma isweeing te flooover the

27、e? 19. thepfessorstalkd withus bout te eauiul schlsnd theerened acer _they ad een.0 oen _ drik morethan two cus of cofe a a ave a getr chance of having heart diseae ha the _.1. wlhir the an _ the syisagod engsh speaker. aer rdin yur rpal， there i one point _ i dtgree.三.用介词关系代词填空。(每空一词）1th otl _ _ th

28、yare t i vry faous ne2. the pen_id myhomeork is birhdayprsentrom y fater.3 s tis the car _ _ouada high prce?4 the gntleman _ you told me yest provdto be thief.5.isthis thevllage _ _ te et ciets wasbrn forty e ao?6. te profssor _ _ we often urn or help il o ou party tnight.四、单句改错.thestor happened iov

29、emer on ic e weather ws ver old2sllai one of te engiees w is fit for ttask.mr. lamshas wo sns,oth of whom oos ke im4wenpsed e ple whhthd ay， eachofs alud5 is ths hehorse that spnt five hourdwig it eteray? 6 towho has finihed the exerie may leave t casroom ow.7. childen eat lt f swetsrocole often ve

30、bad tet. 8. mr.gen s aays rkng har ould et ise.9jon is he onl e of th studets that have beenabad. 10.i creabotnotng whh is ging onthere. 四用定语从句合并下列句子。thfactory is asmloe the faory tad ear the rr.2ave you anwered te leter? yu gotthat eter two wek ao3ill never orget heday n tat day joined th eague4.we

31、 are not allowe to do s.tell e te raso.5.theboytudent is vry youg. h won the game.6htohas beome afamous itye gewpin te ton.7i spenmy ildho n suho. i ae never een thgain siceleft8he levng orwuhan o meet hisdaghter. hehs nt see th girl f yars.9.do you kno the mn ? s on isa aous centit.0my unce boght t

32、he bicycl latwek. the bcyehas been stol .prt4名言警句中的定语从句1 ew sllt msewill egoo o noboy. 人不自爱,焉能爱人？ hewho luhs at lughs bet 谁笑在最后, 谁笑得最好。3. eho akes no mistaks makeothig. 不犯错误的人一事无成。 4. althtliters is notold. 闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。 5opportniy nd ck awas swpcitin fr hos ho r bold istrgglig.机遇和幸运总是垂青勇于奋斗的人。 6. he

33、ony ting tha wehave ofear s feaitsel 唯一让我们恐惧的事就是恐惧本身.e hodoesreah threat wl ot arue man. 不到长城非好汉part 5课后拓展【自主学习】-定语从句典型错误例析1. 我给他看了我上周在杭州的照片误i ow it photosi to them n hanzou lweek.正 i sowe hmte pots i ook inhangzhou latek.析关系代词或关系副词既代替先行词，又在定语从句中充当一定的成分。例句为省略了关系代词（tha/wh)的定语从句，tht/hich 指代 thphots，在定

34、语从句中充当took的宾语,故he多余，应去掉。2. 那个正在修理汽车的人是我的叔叔。误 th an s mndig theca ismyul.正 the mnwho/tt i mnding the aris my uncle.析 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时不可省略,只有作宾语时才能省略that。本句还可以译为the man mendng the ca s myuc.（-ig形式短语mending h car作e ma的后置定语。）. 这只风筝是你父亲昨天为你扎的吗？误 isthi it ou fathr mde for yoyesteday?正 is his ke e one （that

35、) ou ather madfor ou stera?析 若把his看作ite的修饰语，短语ts kte为主句的主语,这时我们可以看出主句中缺少表语，即定语从句的先行词,所以应该加上代词he one。如果我们把this看作代词,作句子的主语,那么ke应该为句子的表语,则可以看出先行词ke前缺少定冠词he。故本句还可改为:is tis kite(athich)yor ater ad for y esteay?4. 她告诉我的就这些。误 ths all which she tldme正 this is all (that) sh toldme.析 当先行词为al， non, one,n， fe,

36、littl， eerythig, nythig, nothn等或先行词前有序数词,形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that。另外,本句还可以译为ths is wha she told me.不过此时 wt引导的是表语从句，而不是定语从句。5. 这是我们明天要讨论的问题。误 this is te roblem abou tha wll a tmorow.正 this is he probl ouwhwel talkorrow正 this isthe prle (at/ih) ellt abottomorow.析 “介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,先行词指人时,关系代词用hm；指物时，关系代词用w

37、hich。另外，有些固定短语如looaft, listent 等，一般也不能将介词提到关系代词之前。6. 从这儿可以看到屋顶的那幢建筑物是镇里最大的超市。误 thebuilig, wichroof an be een here, is te bigges spermrkein ton.正th biding,hs oof c b seen he, is the bs spermarket in ton析 分析句意可知，buiing 和ro之间存在所属关系，故应用whe,whos在引导从句定语从句时既可指人又可指物,通常可与of wic互换使用，因此本句还可以表示为:he builin, e ro

38、of of whih （f which th of )canbe een ere，is th biggst uperarket twn.7.人没有空气就不能生存，这是很自然的。误 whih is vey ual, mancnt liveitho ir.正 man cnt live wthou air, hichs is very naural.正 a ivery tural, mn cnt li wihotair.析wic/都可以引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语,表语,宾语。但wih引导的从句只能放在主句之后,而s引导的从句位置比较灵活，可以位于句首，句中或句末。8. 他是今天早晨迟到的学生之一。误 e as one fhstuntho wslate thmoring.正 eas one oh stuents w ere l