2022届高考英语一轮总复习必修5Unit1Greatscientists课件新人教版

1、必修五unit 1great scientists1 必备知识盘点夯基2 核心素养精讲层练3 高效演练素能提升1 必备知识盘点夯基单词立体巧记写准记牢核心单词1_ vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫 n. 失败2_ adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 n. 专家；行家3_ vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加4_ vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光5_ n. 治愈；痊愈；治疗方法 vt. 治愈；治疗6_ vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心 defeatexpertattendexposecureabsorb写准记牢核心单词7_ vt. 认为；怀疑 n. 被怀疑者；犯罪嫌疑人8_ vt. 预见；预知9_ vt. 责备；谴责

2、n. 过失；责备10_ n. 柄；把手 vt. 处理；操纵11_ vt. & n. 连接；联系12_ adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的 suspectforeseeblamehandlelinkpositive语境运用1if you have a _ (积极的) relationship with your teachers, you will be happy in their classes. 2professor wang said the reason of short-sightedness is complicated and that there is still no exce

3、llent _ (治疗方法) for it. 3knowing that you show great interest in chinese culture, id like to invite you to _ (参加)the exhibition with me. 4our team _ (defeat) last night, which made us sad and disappointed. positivecureattendwas defeated语境运用5(2020新高考卷阅读)in samarkand, mr. bissell admires the architectu

4、ral wonders, while on his way to bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when _ (suspect)of drug dealing. 6(2020全国卷阅读)the engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when_ (expose)to daylight. 7not knowing what was wrong with his car, martin decided to sen

5、d for an experienced man _ (handle) the problem. suspectedexposed to handle写准记牢拓展单词1_ n. 挑战vt. 向挑战 _ adj. 挑战性的2_ adj. 小心的；谨慎的 _ n. 小心；警告3_ vt. 污染；弄脏 _ n. 污染 challengechallengingcautiouscautionpollutepollution写准记牢拓展单词4_ vt. 命令；指示；教导 _ n. 说明；传授 _ pl. 用法说明；指示；命令5_ vt. & vi. 结束；推断出 _ n. 结论；结束6_ vt. & vi

6、. 捐献；贡献；投稿 _ n. 贡献 instructinstructioninstructionsconcludeconclusioncontributecontribution写准记牢拓展单词7_ vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃 _ n. 拒绝；抛弃8_ n. 科学 _ adj. 科学的 _ n. 科学家9_ vt. 宣布；通告 _ n. 通知；宣告 _ n. 播音员；宣告者 rejectrejectionsciencescientificscientistannounceannouncementannouncer写准记牢拓展单词10_ adj. 确实的；肯定的 _ adv. 确定；肯定 _

7、n. 确信；确实11_ vt. 建设；修建 _ n. 建设；建筑物12_ adj. 有责任的；负责的 _ n. 责任；负责 certaincertainlycertaintyconstructconstructionresponsibleresponsibility写准记牢拓展单词13_ vt. 绘画；涂 _ n. 画家；油漆匠 _ n. 油画；水彩画14_ n. 宇宙；世界 _ adj. 普遍的；宇宙的 _ adv. 普遍地15_ n. 移动；运动；动作 _ v. 移动；运动 paintpainterpaintinguniverseuniversaluniversallymovementmo

8、ve语境运用1the player defeated by me _ me to a _ game that day. (challenge)2its _ accepted that the _ originated from the big bang. (universe)3it was _ that he didnt tell us the truth. i also came to the _ that he lied. (conclude) 4the writer personally _ 5,000 to the earthquake fund last week and all h

9、is _ were gratefully received. (contribute) challengedchallenginguniversallyuniverseconcludedconclusioncontributedcontributions语境运用5mary _ to her teammates that she was to marry a chinese boy, whose _ of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week. (announce)6the great bridge under

10、_ is designed by chinese engineers and it will take about a year to _ the large bridge. (construct)7i want to be a _ to discover a _ breakthrough to save peoples lives. (science) announcedannouncementconstructionconstructscientistscientific语境运用8in the class, our teacher often _ us to improve our rea

11、ding ability and his _ makes a difference in our english learning. (instruct) 9well be _ for your safety and you need to take _ for your actions. (responsible) 10it was not until all the fish in the _ river had died that he realized that the _ was very serious. (pollute) instructsinstruction respons

12、ibleresponsibilitypollutedpollution联想积累：1“熟练”归纳expert adj. 熟练的；内行的skillful adj. 熟练的；灵巧的skilled adj. 熟练的；有技能的experienced adj. 熟练的；有经验的2以-ic结尾的常见形容词characteristic 特有的；独特的scientific 科学的enthusiastic 热情的；热心的energetic 精力充沛的fantastic 极好的3“名词用作动词”的高频词语聚焦handle n. 把手 vt. 处理nurse n. 护士 vt. 护理face n. 脸 vt. 面对b

13、ridge n. 桥 vt. 沟通drink n. 饮料 vt. 喝；饮短语语境助记写准记牢1_ 提出2_ 得出结论3_ 使显露；暴露4_ 将和联系或连接起来5_ 除之外；此外 put forwarddraw a conclusionexpose.tolink.to.apart from写准记牢6_ 讲得通；有意义7_ 对严格的8_ 应受谴责/责备9_ 调查10_ 导致；通向 make sense(be) strict with.be to blamelook intolead to语境运用1when the detective _ the case, he was threatened by

14、 an unknown man. 2though mrs. brown _ us in our studies, almost all of us love her very much. 3as far as im concerned, those services which _ hi-tech will be more popular in the future. looked into is strict withare linked to语境运用4the expert _ from his investigation that the disease was carried throu

15、gh water rather than air. 5(2018天津卷)the training schedule, _ regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions. drew a conclusionapart from句式运用速记背会原句知晓考点我会仿用1neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。neither

16、nor “ 既 不 也不”，连接两个并列的句子成分。1(全国卷书面表达)唐朝的历史和诗歌对于你来说都不好理解。neither the history of the tang d y n a s t y n o r p o e m s o f i t _. are hard to understand for you背会原句知晓考点我会仿用2so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每次暴发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。 every time“每次”，作连词用，引导时间状语从句。2

17、(浙江卷)每次一天结束后到家，我们会在门口迎接他。_ at the end of the day, wed greet him at the door. every time he arrived home背会原句知晓考点我会仿用3only if you put the s u n t h e r e d i d t h e movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。 “only状语(从句)”位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装。3(全国卷书面表达)只有当你提前了解了唐朝的历

18、史时你才能更好地理解唐诗。only when you learn something about the history of the tang dynasty in advance _ _. a r e y o u able to have a better understanding of tang poems2 核心素养精讲层练conclusion n. 结论；推论1conclude v. 断定，推断出；得出结论；使结束，终止(1)conclude sth. from 从中推断出to conclude最后conclude sth. with/by doing sth. 以结束(2)arr

19、ive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出结论in conclusion总之；最后夯基单句语法填空。he concluded his speech _ a famous saying “where there is a will, there is a way”. (2019全国卷)when he brings his speech to a nice _ (conclude), whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. (2018江苏卷书面表达)in _ (conclude), we shou

20、ld offer some products or services. withconclusionconclusion提能一句多译。我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。i _ a friend in need is a friend indeed. (conclusion)i _ a friend in need is a friend indeed. (conclude)drew a conclusion from my own experiences thatconcluded from my own experiences that2attend vt. 出席；参加；照顾；护理(1

21、)attend school/church上学/去教堂attend a meeting/lecture/wedding/party参加会议/听演讲/出席婚礼/参加晚会(2)attend(on/upon) sb. 照顾某人(3)attend to处理；倾听；专心于；照顾夯基单句语法填空。(2019全国卷语法填空)on the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited _ (attend) a private concert on a beautiful farm on the north shore under the stars, _ (l

22、isten) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. (2019北京卷)students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college _ (attend). the person in charge of the work should attend _ this matter immediately. to attendlisteningto attendto提能补全句子/句式升级。(2019全国卷书面表达)im great

23、ly honored to invite you _ (参加一个音乐节). it will be held in our school hall on june 5 at 200 p. m. . im greatly honored to invited you _ in our school hall on june 5 at 200 p. m. . to attend a music festivalto attend a music festival to be heldexposure n. 暴露；揭露 (1)expose to 暴露给；使接触expose oneself to 使自己

24、面临；使自己暴露于(2)be exposed to遭受；(使)接触到3expose vt. 揭露；暴露；使遭受；使曝光(1)及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式；(2)在expose to 以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。夯基单句语法填空。(2020全国卷)“nicolo，” whose real name cannot be _ (expose)to the public because of italys privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factor

25、y in turin. if _ (expose) to the outside surroundings, theyll be stronger and better prepared for their future. dont expose _ to great danger when youre alone. exposedyourselfexposed 提能单句写作。(2018北京卷书面表达)_ _，we took them to the tea room in our school. 为了让外国学生体验中国茶文化，我们把他们带到我们学校的品茶室。in order to expose

26、 international students to our tea culture 4absorb vt. 吸收(液体、气体等)；吸引(注意)；使专心；使并入；吞并；理解；掌握；使缓冲absorb sth. 吸收(光、热等)absorb/draw/attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力be absorbed by /into被吞并/吸引be absorbed in 全神贯注于；专心致志于be absorbed in (doing) sth. 结构在句中状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in 类似的结构还有：be lost in 陷入；专心致志于be c

27、aught in 被困在be buried in 埋头于be devoted to 致力于；专心于be occupied in 忙于be involved in 专注于夯基写出下列句中absorb的含义。(北京卷)when condors (神鹰) eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. _ (2020新高考卷阅读)in fact，most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speakers message. _

28、 (全国卷语法填空)i dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. _ jump with your knees bent, so they absorb less impact. _ 吸收理解吸引；使专心缓冲提能单句语法填空。charles c. mann has produced a book that is attractively written and really _ (absorb). (2019全国卷)these kids are so absorbed _ their studies that i just sit back. the

29、 surrounding small towns _ (absorb) into the city. absorbinginwere absorbed提能一句多译。汤姆那么专心于工作，以至于忘记了告知我会议时间。tom _，so he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting. _，tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting. (现在分词作状语) _，tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting. (过去分词作状语)was abs

30、orbed in his workabsorbing himself in his workabsorbed in his work5blame vt. 指责；责怪；归咎于n. 责备；责任；过失(1)blame sb. for sth. 因某事而责备某人blame sth. on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上sb. be to blame(for )某人应承担()责任；该(因)受责备(2)put/lay the blame(for sth. )on sb. /sth. (把某事)归咎于某人/某事take/bear the blame forbe responsible for承担(对坏事应负的)

31、责任表示某人该受责备时，常用主动形式sb. be to blame表示被动意义。blamedont always blame your own failure on others. (that is, dont always blame others for your own failure. ) sometimes you yourself are to blame. 不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人，有时怪你自己。夯基单句语法填空。she blamed her husband _ the failure of their marriage. she blamed the failure of

32、their marriage _ her husband. it was the professor rather than his assistant that was _ (blame) for what had happened in the lab. (全国卷)lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame _ the alarm clock. foronto blameon提能一句多译。因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，艾丽斯的情绪很低落。alice was in low spirit

33、s _ the breakdown of the school computer network. (状语从句)_ the breakdown of the school computer network, alice was in low spirits. (分词作状语)because she was blamed forblamed forcontribution n. 贡献，捐献；稿件6contribute vt. & vi. 捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿(1)contribute to 为捐献；投稿contribute to有助于；促进；导致；对做贡献(2)make a contrib

34、ution/contributions to/towards 为做出贡献表示“引起，导致；有助于”的词语还有result in, bring about, lead to, cause等。many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school. a writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to china daily. 许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐了款，这使他重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投给了中

35、国日报。夯基写出下列句中contribute to的含义。if you want to contribute to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline. _ (2019浙江卷)“many factors contributed to the decline”，said patrick mcintyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. _ eating too much fat contributes to heart disease

36、and causes high blood pressure. _ 投稿促进，有助于导致夯基单句改错。in a word, everyone should make contributions to protect the environment. _ 提能单句写作。(2018北京卷书面表达)in conclusion, i was proud of _ _. 总之，我为自己对传播中国文化做出的巨大贡献感到自豪。protect protectingmaking great contributions to spreading chinese culture7put forward提出(建议等)

37、；推荐；将提前；将(钟表等)向前拨put aside节省；储蓄；储存；留出put away放好；积蓄put off延期；推迟put on weight增重；发福put out扑灭put down写下；记下put up举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿put up with容忍；忍受夯基写出下列句中put forward的含义。(天津高考)the manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. _ you ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes. _ they ha

38、ve put forward the date of their wedding by one week. _ (2019全国卷)we dont have any idea who put grandma forward. _ 提出拨快将提前推荐；提名提能用put短语填空。i can _ the house being untidy, but i hate it if its not clean. encourage children to _ some of their pocket money to buy christmas presents. first he opened a sho

39、p and then he _ a sign outside the shop to attract customers. (2020天津卷)we cant _ buying a new printer for our company. the one we have doesnt work. put up withput asideput upput off8make sense讲得通；有意义(1)make no sense没道理；没意义make sense of理解；明白(2)a sense of humor/duty/beauty/direction/responsibility/suc

40、cess幽默感/责任感/美感/方向感/责任感/成就感common sense常识in a/one sense在某种意义上；在一定程度上in no sense决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)there is no sense/point in doing sth. 做某事无意义夯基单句语法填空。_ a sense, it is these passengers that are to blame for the accident. there are so many new words in the passage that i can hardly make any sense _ them

41、 at all. inof提能完成句子。(天津卷)see, your computer has broken down again! it doesnt _ to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. 瞧！你的电脑又坏了！只是为了省一点而买最便宜牌子的电脑毫无意义可言。提能单句写作。你决不应该灰心丧气；继续努力，你迟早会成功的。_; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later. make sensein no sense should you lose

42、heartneither nor 既不也不。9neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。(1)neither nor 既不也不，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：either or 不是就是not only but also 不仅而且not but 不是而是夯基单句语法填空。to be honest, i _ knew nor cared what had happened to him. last year, neither the

43、 experts nor the physician _ (be) enthusiastic about the cure for the severe disease. not only the teacher but also the students _ (be) instructed not to be exposed to the sun for a long time last summer. either you or one of your students _ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. neitherwa

44、swereis提能句式升级。the teacher is not content with the result. the students are not content with the result either. _neither the teacher nor the students are content with the result. 3 高效演练素能提升单句语法填空1for those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying _ (c

45、onnect). 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。connected是形容词，意为“有联系的，有来往的”，符合句意。stay connected是“stay形容词化的过去分词”构成的系表结构。本题中的staying connected和keeping in touch表达同一个意思。connected2the producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _ (return) to our shop for qu

46、ality problems. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：生产商定期来收回那些因为质量问题而被退回到我们商店的照相机。return此处意为“退回”，cameras与return之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成的动作。returned3when the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it _ important points. 解析：句意：当小组讨论接近尾声时，一定要以重点而结束。4_ (stay) warm at night, i would fill the woodstove,

47、then set my alarm clock for midnight so i could refill it. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了在晚上保持温暖，我会往炉子里添柴，并把闹钟定到午夜以便我可以起来给炉火添柴。to stay为不定式在句中作目的状语。withto stay5the old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ (follow) them. 解析：考查with的复合结构。句意：这对老夫妇经常在晚饭后带着他们的宠物狗在公园里散步。在with的复合结构中，宾语the

48、ir pet dog与宾语补足语之间为主动关系，故用following作宾语补足语。following6i hope to take the computer course. good idea. _ (find) out more about it, visit this website. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我希望能上电脑课。好主意。要想了解更多，浏览这个网站。动词不定式放于句首，作目的状语，符合语境。7(2020全国卷阅读)its about the now and what one contributes _ the now, because reading is a give

49、 and take between author and reader. 解析：句意：它是关于现在和一个人对现在的贡献，因为阅读是作者和读者之间的交换。to findto8be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when _ (expose) to sunlight. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：处理该化学物质时一定要小心，因为暴露在阳光下，它会爆炸。when后省略了句子的主语it(this chemical)和动词be的形式is，所以填exposed。9he never speaks to others

50、_ spoken to. 解析：考查连词。句意：除非别人和他说话，否则他从不和别人说话。unless“除非，如果不”符合句意。exposedunless10to be honest, no speech _ (make) so far has had the same effect on me as this one. 解析：考查非谓语动词作后置定语。观察句子结构，不难发现句子已经有了谓语has had故应填入非谓语动词。make与speech构成被动关系，结合时间状语so far，故选过去分词，即表被动又表完成。句意：老实说，迄今为止，这是对我最有影响的演讲。made11land used

51、to grow crops feeds five times more people than land _ animals are kept. 解析：考查学生对定语从句关系代词、关系副词的掌握情况。句意：用来种庄稼的土地养活的人口数量比放牧牲口的土地所供养的人口数量要多五倍。先行词为land，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。where12please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：请把所有申请这个职位的选手的信息发给我们。先行

52、词为information，且前有all修饰，故只能用that在定语从句中充当动词have的宾语。that13when he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, _ (absorb) in conversation. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当他三个小时后回来时，他们仍坐在沙发上，聚精会神地交谈。be absorbed in为固定搭配，意为“专心于”，所以此处应用absorb的过去分词形式，作伴随状语。absorbed14who is _ (blame) for the shooting at

53、a movie theatre in america?a gunman named james eagan holmes. 解析：问句句意：谁要为发生在美国电影院的枪击案负责？be to blame为固定短语，意为“该受责备”。主动形式表被动含义。to blame15_ (reduce) the gap between the rich and the poor is one of the main challenges facing the government. 解析：句意：缩小贫富之间的差距是这届政府面临的主要挑战之一，reducing the gap the poor是动名词短语作主语

54、。reducing单句改错1the boy sat beside the window, absorbing in a novel. _ 2though his arms hurt, steven planned to challenge to himself, cycling the 250-mile route alone. _ 3please announce students that the holidays will begin next monday. _ absorbing absorbed或absorbing后加himself去掉第二个toannounce后加to4i alw

55、ays have so many things to attend when i come back to the company after a trip abroad. _ 5it is generally believed that exposed to radiation is rather dangerous. _ 6as is reported, the local government will have the new bridge construct in a month. _ attend后加tothat后加beingconstruct constructed单句写作1治好

56、他的病的那位内科医师非常有经验。(cure；experienced)_ 2被那个公司拒绝后，他变得比以前更谨慎了。(reject；cautious)_ 3总之，你们应该做的是阻止这条河被污染。(conclusion；pollute)_ the physician who cured him of his illness was very experienced. rejected by that company，he became more cautious than before. in conclusion，what you should do is prevent the river f

57、rom being polluted. 4只有用这种方法我们才能为我们的社会做出巨大贡献。(倒装；contribution)_ 5每当我去看望那些受害者，我都会尽量对他们表现出一种积极的态度。(every time；positive)_ only in this way can we make great contributions to our society. every time i went to visit the victims，i tried to show a positive attitude towards them. 语篇填空john snow, a well-known

58、 doctor in london, became 1._ (inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people 2._ (expose) to cholera, a 3._(dead) disease of its day. many thousands of people died and some needed to be attended to every time there was an outbreak because no one knew the cause of 4._. john snow wanted to help solve the probleminspiredexposeddeadlyithe got interested in two theories 5._(explain) how cholera killed people. he believed in the second theory 6._ suggested that people 7._(absorb) the disease into their bodies with their meals. in 1854, 8._ another outbreak hit l