2022版高考英语一轮复习选修部分选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity课件新人教版

1、选修8 unit 1a land of diversity主题: 人与自然子话题: 国家地理概况对应教材: 必修3unit 5canada“the true north”; 必修5unit 2the united kingdom; 选修8unit 1a land of diversity step 1 诵读经典渗透文化意识. 细品味经典文章(2019浙江高考) california has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published tuesday and climate chang

2、e seems to be a major factor (因素). the number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of california forests, the new study finds. no area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the sierra nevada mountains to the san gabrie

3、ls above los angeles. in the sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern california the decline was nearly 75 percent. many factors contributed to the decline, said patrick mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. woodcutt

4、ers targeted big trees. housing development pushed into the woods. aggressive wildfire control has left california forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源). but in comparing a study of california forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001

5、 and 2010, mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. the loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. the researchers figured out water stress w

6、ith a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪). since the 1930s, mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress

7、 in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. . 按要求完成任务1. 写出文章中与本单元话题有关的单词和短语。_climatechange,forests,northerncoast,contributeto,wildfire,resources,wildlands,

8、woodcutting,dampnessofsoil,snowmelt2. 写出文章中的优美句式。_aggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftcaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources.theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccou

9、ntsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt.step 2 固本强基锻造语言能力. 重点词汇1. majority n. 大多数; 大半【教材原句】of the first spanish to go to california, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the catholic religion to the natives. (p2)在首批移居加州的西班牙人中, 大多数人是宗教人士, 他们

10、的职责是向原住民传授天主教。【词块必记】(1)the majority of 大多数be in the/a majority 占大多数; 构成大部分(2)major in 主修 (3)minor adj. 较少的; 次要的(4)major adj. 主要的; 多数的; 重要的; 主修的 v. 主修n. 主修课程 【误区释疑】(1)the majority单独作主语时, 谓语动词可用单数也可用复数; “the/a majority of+名词”作主语时, 谓语动词的数与of后面名词的数保持一致。(2)the majority of修饰的名词通常不带冠词, 但若需特指也可带定冠词。the majo

11、rity of the landhasbeendestroyed so far. 到目前为止, 大部分土地已被破坏。some of the plays told sad stories, but the majority of the plays were really funny. 有些剧本讲的是悲伤的故事, 但大多数的剧本都很有趣。【语境速测】 完成句子the students _art and literature in college. 这些学生在大学主修艺术和文学。_them will work in the areas related to the majors after gra

12、duation. 他们中的大多数人毕业后将会在和这些专业有关的领域工作。 句式升级用定语从句连接: _majorinthemajorityofthemajorityofthestudentswhomajorinartandliteratureincollegewillworkintheareasrelatedtothemajorsaftergraduation.【写作金句】themajorityof the collections are some delicate chinese vases, which appeal tovisitors from all over the world.

13、大多数的收藏品是一些精美的中国花瓶, 吸引着来自世界各地的游客。单句语法填空only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking thesubway to work are _ the majority. i hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major_the gardening after attending college. inin2. means n. 手段; 方法【

14、教材原句】scientists believe that these settlers crossed the bering strait in the arctic to america bymeansof a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. (p2)科学家认为, 这些迁居者通过史前时代曾经存在的陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。【词块必记】(1)by means of用办法; 借助by no means 绝不(2)mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing意味着【巧学助记】i meant to retur

15、n the book to the library, but i forgot, which meant waiting for another day.bynomeans shall i forget it again. 我本来打算把书还给图书馆的, 但我忘了, 这就意味着要再等一天。我绝不会再忘了。【语境速测】 单句语法填空this is a two-year course taught _ means of lectures and seminars. 同义句转换every possible means has been tried, but none works. all possib

16、le means _, but none works. byhavebeentried一句多译此外, 惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。furthermore, punishment _to help them grow healthilymentally and physically. furthermore, by no means _to help them growhealthily mentally and physically. isbynomeansawisechoiceispunishmentawisechoice3. occur vi. (occurr

17、ing/occurred)发生; 出现【典型例句】about 400 earthquakes occur worldwide every day, more than a hundred thousand in a year. 世界各地每天发生大约400次地震, 每年超过10万次。【词块必记】sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事it occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that 某人突然想起it occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事【知识拓展】 表示“某人突然想起”的句式还有: sth. strike(s)/hit(s) sb

18、. , sb. hit(s)/strike(s) on sth. , sth. come(s) to sb. , sth. come(s) into ones mind等。【语境速测】 单句语法填空the idea occurred _ him in a dream. it occurred to me _ she didnt know i had moved into the new house. it didnt occur to her _(ask) for help. if the climate gets drier, the logical conclusion is that e

19、ven more drought_(occur). tothattoaskwilloccur用take place, happen, occur的适当形式填空i was in half way when it _ to me that i had left my notebook home, so ihad to fetch it. i _ to be there when the celebration _. occurredhappenedtookplace. 核心短语4. make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等; 谋生【典型例句】the man who can makealif

20、e by his hobby is happy. 以爱好谋生的人是幸福的。到新的学期开始, 这些学生将学完了3 000多个习语。【词块必记】come to life苏醒过来, 恢复生气; 变得更有趣; 变得活跃come back to life苏醒过来; 死而复生bring. . . back to life使苏醒过来; 使复活live/lead a. . . life过着的生活【语境速测】 单句语法填空in this fiction, the doctors brought the girl back _ life. the operation should enable bobby _(l

21、ead/live) a normal life. they went to london and decided to make a life there. 完成句子when alice _, she didnt know how long she had been lyinghere. 当爱丽丝苏醒时, 她不知道她已经在这里躺了多久。totolead/livecame(back)tolife5. take in 包括; 吸收; 吸入; 收留, 留宿; 理解; 欺骗; 观看【典型例句】my house is full; i cant takein any more guests. 我的房子已(

22、客)满, 不能再容纳更多的客人了。【词块必记】take down拆除; 写下take off起飞; 迅速流行; 脱下、摘下take on雇用; 呈现(外观)take over接替、接任take up继续; 占据(时间、空间); 开始从事【语境速测】 写出下列句中黑体部分的含义this is the total cost of the holiday, taking everything in. ()dont be takenin by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. ()it was several minutes bef

23、ore i couldtakein what he was saying. ()he was homeless, so we took him in. ()they will certainly need to takein plenty of liquid. ()包括包括欺骗欺骗理解理解收留收留吸收吸收. 经典句式6. it is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,

24、but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人们认为 , 要不了多久, 民族融合将会非常之大, 以至于不可能存在明显的主要的种族或文化群体, 而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。【句型公式】“it be +过去分词+that 从句”可以改写为“从句主语+be +过去分词+不定式”itisbelievedthat education is the most important issue facing the government. educationisbelievedtobe the most important issue facing th

25、e government. 教育被认为是政府面临的最重要的问题。此类常用句式有: it is thought that . . . 据认为it is believed that . . . 人们相信it is reported that . . . 据报道it is hoped that . . . 人们希望it is well-known that . . . 众所周知【语境速测】 完成句子_that it has both advantages and disadvantages. 人们普遍认为信息技术既有优点又有缺点。 _a military exercise will be held

26、between the two countries. 据说两国之间将举行一次军事演习。 the new mayor _next month. 据说新市长下个月上任。_the terrible disease will soon be controlled. 人们希望这种可怕的疾病能很快得到控制。 itisgenerallybelieveditissaidthatissaidtocomeintopoweritishopedthat【写作金句】itswell-knownthat “where there is a will, there is a way. ”众所周知, “有志者事竟成。”(开头句

27、)itishopedthatthese suggestions would be of great help to you. 希望这些建议能对你有很大帮助。(总结句)【备选要点】1. elect vt. 选择; 决定做某事; 选举某人【典型例句】the people of the philippines have voted to elect a new president. 菲律宾人民已投票选举出了一位新总统。【词块必记】(1)elect sb. (as/to be)+职位=sb. be elected (as/to be)+职位选举某人为(职位前无冠词)elect to do sth. 决

28、定做某事(2)election n. 选举【语境速测】 单句语法填空she became the first black woman who was elected _ member of parliament tothe senate. if i am lucky enough to win the _ (elect), the first thing i will do is toenrich our students after-class activities. those electing _(smoke)will be seated at the rear. aselectiont

29、osmoke2. hire vt. &n. 租用; 雇用【典型例句】the rest of the staff havebeenhired on short-term contracts. 其余的工作人员签的是短期雇用合同。【词块必记】(1)hire sth. out (to sb. )把租出去(给某人)(2)on hire出租for hire可供出租【语境速测】 单句语法填空in december 2018, i _(hire) as a hotel manager and moved here fulltime. there are three small boats available

30、_ hire. david used to hire his car _ when he didnt need it himself. the doctor _(hire) to raise peoples awareness of health since theoutbreak of the flu. washiredforouthasbeenhired3. by the time california elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the usa in 1850, it was already a multicul

31、tural society. 当1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候, 它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。【句型公式】(1)by the time+从句, 意为“当的时候”, 如果主句动作不强调已经完成, 只是说明过去某个时候的状况, 主句常用一般过去时。(2)by the time引导时间状语从句, 意为“到时候为止”。by the time+一般过去时, 主句常用过去完成时。by the time+一般现在时(表将来), 主句常用将来完成时。【语境速测】 单句语法填空by the time the manager arrived, the staff _(leave) the co

32、mpany. by the time they get here, we _(finish) the work. by the time he went abroad, he _(be) fourteen. 完成句子by the time i _, the train _. 等我到达火车站时, 火车已经开走了。hadleftwillhavefinishedwasgottothestationhadalreadygone【写作金句】the students willhavelearnedmore than 3, 000 idioms bythetime the new term begins.

33、step 3 强化检测提升学习能力. 单句语法填空1. (2020新高考全国卷)however, the _ (major) of people are effectivespeakers because they train to be. 2. (2020浙江高考)i couldnt see don, but as i approached the tractor he jumped outonto the road, _ (apparent) unhurt, and dashed back to me. 3. (2020全国卷)we are the products of evolutio

34、n, and not just evolution that_(occur) billions of years ago. majorityapparentlyoccurred4. (2020天津高考)i probably would have continued trying to keep _ with him forthe rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed.5. (2019全国卷)chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaignsthat sell dreams to women all o