商务交际英语Chapter8课件

1、制作与使用图表和视听媒体等辅助工具制作与使用图表和视听媒体等辅助工具 Case 8: Improving the Progress Report 改进工作进度报告改进工作进度报告 8.1 Purposes and Placement of Graphic Aids 使用辅助工具之目的和安排使用辅助工具之目的和安排 8.2 Developing Graphic Aids 制造图表辅助制造图表辅助 8.3 Using Visual Aids for Oral Presentations 在口头演示中使用试听媒体在口头演示中使用试听媒体Main idea: Alex volunteered to b

2、e the spokesperson of giving progress report. Hes troubled by the eyes-glazed-over look in the audience members when rattles off the numbers. Therefore, he decides to find a more effective way to present the numbers and statistics portion of his progress report in both handout and oral presentation.

3、大意：大意：Alex自愿担任工作进度报告的发言人，不过现在他面临一个问题，当他飞快的说出报告里面的数字时，观众变得目光呆滞的。所以，他正在寻求一种更有效的方法去演示进度报告里面的数字及数据不单只讲义部分，还有口头展示部分。Graphic aids: - Provide a visual representation of the words in your message.在你所表达的信息中，充当词语的视觉代表。- Provide an efficient means of presenting dense amounts of information.在表述大量的信息的时候，提供更有效的方法

4、。 Why Use Graphic Aids? 为何要使用图表？为何要使用图表？Reason:A clear, easy-to-understand, visually stimulating formats.清晰的，容易明白的，极具视觉刺激的格式Technology made the creation and delivery of graphic aids easier and more accessible.e.g. Microsoft Excel, personal computer, etc.科技让图表的制作和传达更容易接受，更容易使用Keep the audiences atten

5、tion while at the same time get the point across.保持观众的注意力的同时让他们理解你的话 Why Use Graphic Aids? 为何要使用图表？为何要使用图表？ Using Graphic Aids in Written Documents 在书面文件中使用图表在书面文件中使用图表Placing Graphic Aids 图表的摆放Main factor: -Where the reader will prefer 读者的喜好-Where the reader will benefit from 读者的得益Placing Graphic A

6、ids 图表的摆放How to place the graphic aids:When graphic aid within the written text, place your statement referring to the graphic aid before the actual graphic aid appears.当图表在字里行间，应该在图表出现前有文字介绍Placing Graphic Aids 图表的摆放How to place the graphic aids:When the placement of the graphic aid is to be in the

7、 body of the document, place it on the same page as its reference.当图表需要出现在文件文体当中时，应该出现在同一页里。Placing Graphic Aids 图表的摆放How to place the graphic aids:Avoid dividing a graphic aid between two pages避免把图表分割成两部分。Identifying Graphic Aids识别识别图表A unique number for referencing purposes 用以参考的独特数字用以参考的独特数字2. A

8、title for each graphic that describes its contents 用以介绍图表内容的题目用以介绍图表内容的题目 The graphic aid 图表图表A source line 来源标注来源标注Graphic aids contain four parts : Identifying Graphic Aids 识别识别图表A unique number for referencing purposes 用以参考的独特数字用以参考的独特数字Examples:Call all graphic aids: Figures or Table: 把图表都命名为：图表

9、或列表Only one section: figure 1, figure 2; table 1, table 2只有一部分：图表1,图表2；列表1,列表2（2） More than one section: figure 1.1, figure 1.2; table 1.1, table 1.2多于一部分：图表1.1，图表1.2；列表1.1，列表1.2Only one section: figure 1, figure 2; table 1, table 2More than one section: figure 1.1, figure 1.2; table 1.1, table 1.22

10、. A title for each graphic that describes its contents 用以介绍图表内容的题目用以介绍图表内容的题目 Identifying Graphic Aids 识别识别图表Contain enough detail for readers to understand without reading the text. 图表要包含足够多的信息，让读者免于要再次阅读文章Identifying Graphic Aids 识别识别图表The graphic aid 图表图表Table, pie chart, flowchart, picture, etc.

11、列表 饼形图 流程图 图片Identifying Graphic Aids 图表的鉴定A source line 来源标注来源标注- If the material originated with the author, no need to include.如果资料来自于作者，不需要包含来源标注- If not, include it whenever it come from.如果不是，不论来自何处的来源，都必须标注SOURCE: XYZ Company, 1999 Annual Report, p. 9. Using Graphic Aid to Mislead 图表的误用* Check

12、 the two examples in page 43.Vertical axis: the number of people who attended the conference.纵向：参加会议人数Horizontal axis: the five years the attendance figures provided.横向：召开会议的五年里 Using Graphic Aid to Mislead 图表的误用* Check the two examples in page 43.-Give more attention to graphic aids than the writte

13、n text.比起文字，应当花更多注意力在图表上。-Analyze graphic aids to ensure it is correct.分析图表，以确保其准确性。-Your ethical responsibility is to report data as clearly and accurately as possible.你的任务是尽量清晰地并准确地报告数据。Exercise 1:Checkpoint on page 43- Do the exercise in 5 minutes.- Discuss the answer in class.Checkpoint 1:d.2. T

14、he main factor to consider when placing a graphic aid is where it will fit (where the reader would prefer and most benefit from its placement). F(b) a title for each graphic aid that describes its contentsl (d) a source lineFor Case Study:The answers-Discuss the answers in groups.-Report it groups b

15、y groups in class.For the discussion questions:- Think over those questions after class.Using graphic aids will improve your ( ) because most people remember what they see much longer and better than what they hear. a. culture b. communication skills c. memory Answer: b. 2. Why is it important that

16、you know how to use graphic aids? Using graphic aids will improve your communication skills because most people remember what they see much longer and better than what they hear. Exercise 8-1 3. A graphic aid provides a visual representation of the words in your message. Graphic aids provide an effi

17、cient means of presenting dense amounts of information in a way that can help the audienceunderstand your message. Because most peopleremember what they see much longer and better thanwhat they hear, graphic aids are important for you toknow how to use as you work to improve yourcommunication skills

18、.图示以图象形式再现文字信息。图示是一种体现大量图示以图象形式再现文字信息。图示是一种体现大量信息的有效手段信息的有效手段, 有助于受众的理解。由于大多数人对于有助于受众的理解。由于大多数人对于所看见的比他们所听到的东西记忆的时间更长所看见的比他们所听到的东西记忆的时间更长,内容更多，内容更多，所以对于你来说，知道在工作中如何用图示来提高你的所以对于你来说，知道在工作中如何用图示来提高你的交流技能是很重要的。交流技能是很重要的。 Exercise 8-1 Choosing the Best Graphic Aids 按需选择最佳图表按需选择最佳图表* Identify the objectiv

19、e you hope to achieve and choose a graphic aid suited to that purpose.认清你要达到的目标，然后选择可以让这目标达到的图表Graphic Aid 图表Objective 目的Table表格 用有组织性的，简单易懂的格式来说明精确数据或者代表复杂信息Organization chart组织系统表显示一个公司里的权利系统，以及部门和员工之间的关系Flowchart 流程图说明一个程序或者过程Pie chart 图形图展示一个整体的各个部分的分布Line chart 线性图展示随着时间推移，数量或价值的变化Bar graph 条形图

20、对比一个或多个数量Map 地图展示地理联系Picture 图片展示一个特定物品或地方的现实图片Drawing 图画强调一个想法或者程序的细节地方 Tables 表格的使用 Tables can be presented in:-Portrait orientation (Figure 8-2) 竖排格式-Landscape orientation (Figure 8-3) 横排格式 Charts 图表的种类及其使用 -Organization Charts 组织系统表-Flowcharts 流程图-Pie Charts 图形图- Organization Charts 组织系统表To illu

21、strate the relationships and official lines of authority and communication among employees and departments of an organization.阐明一个公司的内部关系，官方权利系统，以及员工和部门之间的联系。Page 48 example- Flowcharts 流程图A step-by-step diagram of a procedure or process.一个用以描述一个程序的分步进行图表。Function 作用:-Simplify complicated procedures

22、. 简化繁复的程序-Ensure the steps are not omitted. 确保步骤不会被遗漏Page 49 example- Pie Charts 图形图-The parts should be limited to no more than seven. 最好限制不多于7个部分-Should be represented by percentages. 通常用百分比来表示Page 49 exampleA pie chart shows how the parts of a whole are distributed and how the parts relate to one

23、 another Graphs 图形的种类及其使用 -Line Graphs 线形图-Bar Graphs 条形图 - Line Graphs 线形图The horizontal axis: show the time or quantity measured.横轴：显示时间或者估计数据The vertical axis is: show amounts.竖轴：显示数量A line graph is useful for showing changesIn a quantity or value over time - Line Graphs 线形图Single-line graph: onl

24、y one quantity or value over time.单线线形图：随着时间变化，只有一个数据或价值变化Page 50 exampleMultiple-line graph: tow or more quantities or values over time.多线线形图：随着时间变化，二个或者多个数据或价值变化。Page 51 example- Bar Graphs 条形图 Types 种类:-Simple bar 简单条形图 1. Vertical bar graph 纵向条形图 2. Horizontal bar graph 横向条形图 3. Broken bar 断条条形图

25、图-Multiple bar 多重条形图-Stacked bar 叠加条形图Page 52 exampleA bar graph is used when you want audienceTo be able to compare the data represented In the graph Miscellaneous Graphic and Visual Aids 其他视觉辅助手段-Maps 地图-Photographs 照片-Drawings 图画 - Maps 地图* Especially useful when your audience may not be familiar

26、 with the geographic areas in your report.当读者对你的报告里的地理位置不熟悉时，地图的作用特别显著。Page 53 example- Photographs 照片* Four sources: digital camera, professional photograph collections available on CD-ROM, scanner, World Wide Web.四种来源：数码相机，光盘里的有效专业照片档，扫描器，万维网。Page 54 example- Drawings 图画 * Useful for communicating

27、 a complicated idea or procedure.当要描述一个复杂的想法或者程序的时候，图画作用显著。Page 55 exampleExercise 2:Checkpoint on page 55- Do the exercise in 5 minutes.- Discuss the answer in class.Checkpoint 2:FlowchartTableMapDrawingPhotographOrganization chartPie chartLine graphBar graphFor Case Study:The answers-Discuss the a

28、nswers in groups.-Report it groups by groups in class.For the discussion questions:- Think over those questions after class. a. left column b. legend c. landscape orientation d. graph area e. portrait orientation1. ( ) means the paper is placed with the short edge at the top.( ) means the paper is p

29、laced with the long edge at the top.3. The difference between portrait and landscape orientation is the ( )4. In a multiple-line graph, use a ( ) to identify what each line represents, or label the lines with the ( ). Answer: 1-e. 2-c. 3-a. 4-b. dExercise 8-2 5. Whats the difference between a flowch

30、art anda pie chart? A flowchart is a step-by-step diagram of aprocedure of process. A pie chart shows how the parts of a whole are distributed and how the partsrelate to one another.Exercise 8-2 Choosing the Best Visual Aids 选择最佳视觉辅助手段选择最佳视觉辅助手段Functions : -make speaker appear more professional, bet

31、ter prepared, more persuasive/credible & interesting Choosing the Best Visual Aids 选择最佳视觉辅助手段选择最佳视觉辅助手段Four step of visual aids process : a. whether visual aids are required or not b. choose the best visual aids c. prepare visual aids d. present visual aids Choosing the Best Visual Aids 选择最佳视觉辅助手段选择

32、最佳视觉辅助手段The common types of visual aids : posters and flip charts 海报和挂图 transparencies , slides , and computer presentations 投影、幻灯片和电脑呈现 objects 实物 chalkboards , whiteboards , and electronic whiteboards 黑板，白板，电子白板 handouts 手稿 Choosing the Best Visual Aids 选择最佳视觉辅助手段选择最佳视觉辅助手段Choose appropriate visua

33、l aid: a. which option is availableb. which option is best in helping audience to understand/rememberc. the number of audience & size of roomd. the details given to audience e. the time for preparing visual aids f. the types of visual aids used in presentation Preparing Your Visual Aids 准备视觉辅助手段准备视觉

34、辅助手段Preparation guidelines: a. Keep visual aids simple and briefb. Make sure everything is large enoughc. Use color for emphasis, but not overdo itd. Include title or use a source line if necessarye. Prepare an acceptable number of visual aids I. Too many visual aids get audiences buried II. Few visual aids get audiences bored III. Present a new visual every 2 minutes Presenting Your Visual Aids 呈现视觉辅助手段呈现视觉辅助手段Preparation guidelines: A. Display visual