英语名词性从句(PPT新版本不能使用)

1、Who takes the first step is not a big deal.Tell me what color the sea is today.Tell me what you want to dream of tonight.Finally, you will find out every love is dangerous! 告诉我今天今天海是什么颜色 告诉我你今夜想要么梦什么Related Conception (相关概念相关概念)1.名词名词: 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分

2、?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。The boy is li Ming.主语表语Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .主语同位语宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾主语、宾语、表语和同位语语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫这个句子就叫名词性从句。名词性从句。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 ( The

3、 Object Clause) 表语从句表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause)同理同理:定语从句也可以叫做定语从句也可以叫做形容词性从句形容词性从句,状语从句也可以叫做状语从句也可以叫做副词性从句副词性从句.引导名词性从句的词引导名词性从句的词:连接词连接词:that(不做成分也无意义不做成分也无意义), if/ whether (不做成分但有意义不做成分但有意义“是否是否” )连接代词连接代词 who(ever), (在从句中做主在从句中做主,宾宾,) whom(ever), (在从句中做宾在从句中做

4、宾,表表)which(ever)/ whose, (在从句中做主在从句中做主,宾宾,表表,定定) what(ever), (在从句中做主在从句中做主,宾宾,表表, “的事物的事物”,“所所” ). 连接副词连接副词： when(ever), where(ver), how, why. (在从句中分别做时间在从句中分别做时间,地点地点,方式方式,原因状语原因状语) 请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句1)What I want to do is taking a bath.2)The news that they won the game spread the whole

5、 school.3)I dont think he is an honest boy.4)The fact is that he stole the car.5)Do you know the fact that he stole the car?6)Do you know the man who is standing over there?7)It is said that they won the game.( (主从主从) )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (宾从宾从) )( (表从表从) )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (定从定从) )( (主从主从) )_试区分以下句子属

6、于哪种从句试区分以下句子属于哪种从句:1)Is this museum what you visited?2)Is this the museum that you visited?3)Is this museum the one that you visited?注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。是属于哪种从句再完成。( (表从表从) )( (定从定从) )( (定从

7、定从) )This museum is what you visited.This is the museum that you visited.This museum is the one that you visited._主语从句主语从句(The Subject Clause)在复合句中起主语的作用。在复合句中起主语的作用。他星期三来这里是肯定的。他星期三来这里是肯定的。_ is certain.注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词都要加上从属连词that(that(不做成分也无意义不做成分也无意义) )他星期三是否来这里还不肯

8、定的。他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。_ is not certain.注意：注意：主语从句主语从句表示表示“是否是否” 只用只用“whetherwhether” 而不用而不用“ifif”( (不做成分但有意义不做成分但有意义“是否是否” ) He will come here on WednesdayThat hWhether he will come here on Wednesday主语从句有时用主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正的作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。It is known to us that he will come h

9、ere.That he will come here is known to us.It + be + 形容词形容词 that从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that . 重要的是重要的是It is natural that 自然自然It + be + -ed分词分词 that从句从句It is believed that 人们相信人们相信It is known to us/all that . 众所周知众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定已经决定用用it做形式主语的做形式主语的that从句有以下四从句

10、有以下四种不同的搭配：种不同的搭配：It + be + 名词名词 that从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是It + 不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句It appears/seems that 似乎似乎It happens that . 碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起表语从句表语从句(The Predicative Clause) 在复合句中起表语的作用。在复合句中起表语的作用。一般结

11、构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。1).我们的目的是他能认识到错误。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Our purpose is_.注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略不省略。2).问题是它是否值得做。问题是它是否值得做。The question is _表语从句表语从句表示表示“是否是否” 只用只用“whetherwhether” 而不用而不用“ifif”. .he can realize his faults.thatwhether it is worth doing.宾语从句宾语从句(The Object Clause)you will

12、 come here.我不知道你会来这里。我不知道你会来这里。I dont know_ 注意：注意：thatthat在从句中不充当任何成分也无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分也无意义，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。但有两个但有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时或多个并列的宾语从句时, ,引导第二和以后几个从引导第二和以后几个从句的句的that不可以省略不可以省略. .（that）在复合句中起在复合句中起宾语宾语的作用的作用,用在及物动词用在及物动词/介词之后介词之后.My uncle said (that) Peter would come and that he w

13、ould also bring his son. 注意：在宾语从句中，表示注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否是否”既可以用既可以用whether,whether,也可以用也可以用if.if. 但下列情况只能用但下列情况只能用whether 1.1.与与oror notnot连用连用;2.;2.作作介词介词;3.;3.后接动词不定式时后接动词不定式时。我不知道他来不来。我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论他是否要来吗？你们是在谈论他是否要来吗？I dont know whether/if he will come.I want to know whether h

14、e will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?你能告诉我是走还是留？Can you tell me whether to go or to stay？主语从句主语从句Whether he will come is unknown. 2. 表语从句，如：表语从句，如：The question is whether you should accept it.3. 同位语从句，如：同位语从句，如：The question whether hell attend the meeting is not decided.4. 从

15、句作介词的宾语，如：从句作介词的宾语，如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money. 5. 直接跟不定式连用，如：直接跟不定式连用，如：She hasnt decided whether to go or not.whether VS if用if 或whether 填空 1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. Th

16、e question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherIf 宾语从句中的否定转移宾语从句中的否定转移我认为他不会来这里我认为他不会来这里I think he wont come here. ( )I dont t

17、hink he will come here. ( )注意：如果宾语从句是由注意：如果宾语从句是由think, think, believe, imagine, supposebelieve, imagine, suppose等词引等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。移到主句中去。nI think that he is handsome. I dont think (that) he is handsome.宾语从句中用宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语1. We think it our duty that we should help ot

18、hers.注意：如果主句中有注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足形容词或名词作宾语补足语语时，一般用时，一般用itit来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。这种情况补后面。这种情况thatthat不可以省略不可以省略. .2.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.同位语从句同位语从句(The Appositive Clause)在复合句中起同位语的作用。同位语从句一在复合句中起同位语的作用。同位语从句一般放在如般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, sugg

19、estion, belief, truth等含有丰富内涵的等含有丰富内涵的词语后面，词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。一般说来，同位语从句都用。一般说来，同位语从句都用that来作连接来作连接词，而且不能省略词，而且不能省略。也可用。也可用how, when, where等。等。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。He gave her a promise _.he would come back in two months.that同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处:1、两种从句都可以译成定语两种从句都可以译成定语: Th

20、e news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 我们队取得决赛胜利的我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。（同位语从句）（同位语从句）（定语从句）（定语从句）The news that you told us is really encouraging.你告诉我们的你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。消息真的令人鼓舞。2、两种从句都可以用、两种从句都可以用that引导引导: The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth c

21、onsidering. 学生应该学些实用的东西的学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考建议值得考虑。虑。（同位语从句）（同位语从句）（定语从句）（定语从句）The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.值得考虑的值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。东西。同位语从句与定语从句的同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处不同之处: :1.1.从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句

22、用来修饰、前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面限定前面的名词。的名词。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明（从句说明“消息消息”的内容的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利我们队取得了决赛胜利) The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对（从句对“消息消息”加以限定：加以限定：是是你告诉我们的你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）息是何内容却不得而知。）（同从）（同从）（定从）（定从

23、）Do you know the fact that he stole the car?(不做任何成分且无意义不做任何成分且无意义,只起连接作用只起连接作用)Do you know the fact that they were talking about?(指代指代fact又充当介词又充当介词about的宾语的宾语)( (同从同从) )( (定从定从) )2、引导从句的关联词、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分且无意义；而引导定语从句的何成分且无意义；而引导定语从句的that是是关系代词，

24、既指代先行词又须在从句中充当关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。成分。 说出下列从句属于哪种从句：说出下列从句属于哪种从句：A: Appositive（同位语）同位语）; B: Attributive（定语）（定语）. His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first request that he made was to ask for free

25、dom.4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent?5. Is this the company where your father works?6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence. 7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.BBBdemand ，suggestion, proposal等同位语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即: ( should ) + 动词原形eg.The suggestion that the

26、 plan ( should ) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.推迟那项计划的建议将在明天讨论。虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法1.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right Athat what Bwhat that Cthat Dwhether 2.The reason _ I have to go is_ my mother is ill in bed A. why ; why B. why ; because C. why ; that D. that

27、 ; because 3.Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I cant remember _. Awhere Bthere Cwhich Dthat 4.Energy is _ makes things work Awhat Beverything Csomething Danything 1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways. A. we must develop B. we shall develop C. we would develop D. we should develop2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week. A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything ready C. We get everything ready D. we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _. A. my pictures would surprise them B. my pictures surprised t