锂离子电池及其在动力电池中的应用

1、锂离子电池及其在动力电池中的应用锂离子电池定义定义：指以两种不同的能够可逆地插入及脱出锂离子的嵌锂化合物分别作为电池正极和负极的二次电池体系642(-) LiC LiClO -PC+EC LiCoO (+)+21-2LiCoOLiCoO + Li + exxx+66C + Li + eLi C xxx 261-26C + LiCoOLi C + Li CoOxx正极 负极 电池 以以LiCoO2/C电池为例：锂离子电池工作原理在锂离子电池的充放电过程中，锂离子处于从正极 负极 正极的运动状态。锂电池的特点锂离子电池：高比能量、长循环寿命、较宽的工作温度范围、无污染、高可靠性等优点。 技术参数技

2、术参数镍镉电池镍镉电池镍氢电池镍氢电池锂离子电池锂离子电池工作电压（工作电压（V）1.21.23.6比容量比容量(Wh/Kg)5065105140充放电寿命充放电寿命(次次)5005001000自放电率（自放电率（%/月）月）25-3030-356-9有无记忆效应有无记忆效应有有有有无无有无污染有无污染有有无无无无不同电池性能比较锂离子电池结构锂离子电池一般由四个部分组成：1，正极2，隔膜3，电解液4，负极正极材料 LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2LiMn2O4LiFe(Nb,Mg)PO4AdvantagesHigh Capacity. 200

3、 mAh/g High Voltage, 3.8 Volts Slow Electrolyte Reaction Established Performance. Excellent high rate High Capacity,180 mAh/g High Voltage, 3.8 VoltsLowest Cost Excellent High Rate High Voltage, 3.7 Volts No resource limitation Excellent High Rate. No resource limitation Low Electrolyte Reactivity D

4、isadvantages Higher Cost Ni and Co Potential Resource Limitation Controlling Patents Higher Cost Ni and Co Potential Resource Limitations Controlling Saft PatentsPossible Mn Solubility Issue Low Capacity, 125 mAh/gLower Operating VoltageControlling Patents? Doping lowers capacity Moisture free for l

5、ong life负极材料Lithium TitanateHard carbonNatural CarbonTreated Natural CarbonExperimental Alloys, Si, Sn, etcAdvantagesVery long cycle life Excellent high rateVery long cycle life Excellent high rateLowest cost Low first cycle lossHigh capacity Disadvantages1.6 volts vs. Li Lower energyLow capacityHig

6、h first cycle lossMore expensiveHigh first cycle loss Huge shape change CostTransportation1.4% Electric PowerIndustry68.3%25.1%5.2% - Residential and Commercialn交通运输占去了石油消耗的绝大部分，发展新型能源汽车成为当务之急Carbon Dioxide Emission by End-Use Sector Transportation 31.8% Residential/Commercial 38.3% Industrial 29.9%

7、动力电池发展迅速，逐渐走入日常生活n体积小，重量轻体积小，重量轻nLiMnLiMn2 2O O4 4 LiFePOLiFePO4 4LiFePO4 LiFePO4 ：一种可用于：一种可用于1010到到2020里程里程PHEVPHEV的材料的材料优点：原料易得，价格便宜 结构稳定，环境友好 安全性能好缺点：电导率低，锂离子扩散慢LiFePO4的的SEM 图图Battery AttributeCurrent StatusGoals20122014Available Energy3.4 kWh3.4 kWh (10 mile)11.6 kWh (40 mile)Cost$800+/kWh$500/kWh$300/kWhCycle Life (EV Cycles)2,000+5,0003000-5000Cycle Life (HEV Cycles)300,000300,000200,00-300,000Calendar Life3+ years10+ years10+ yearsSystem Weight80-120 kg60 kg120 kgSyste