初中英语语法PPT课件

1、1英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。例如：A talk on science will be given in our school next Monday.下周一在我们学校将会有一场关于科学的演讲。2被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。其后的实义动词必须为及物动词，或“动词介词”构成的及物动词短语。下面介绍动词各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构：第1页/共33页时时 态态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态1 一般现在时一般现在时do/doesam/is/ar

2、e+过去分词过去分词2 一般过去时一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词过去分词3 一般将来时一般将来时will/be going to+动词原动词原形形will/be going to+be+过去分词过去分词4 过去将来时过去将来时would+动词原形动词原形would+be+过去分词过去分词5 现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词6 过去进行时过去进行时was/were+现在分词现在分词was/were+being+过去分词过去分词7 现在完成时现在完成时have/has+过去分词过去分词have/has+been+过

3、去分词过去分词8 过去完成时过去完成时had+过去分词过去分词had+been+过去分词过去分词9 含情态动词含情态动词情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词第2页/共33页1、The Chinese food _ to be the healthiest in the world. A. considers B. is considering C. is considered D. has considered 2、John _，for he went swimming yesterday without permission. A. would puni

4、shed B. had punished C. punished D. was punished3、- Have you moved into the new house ? - Not yet .Rooms _. A. are painting B. are painted C. are being painting D. are being painted 第3页/共33页4、Mr. Wu was in hospital . when we went to see him , he _on . A. operated B. was operated C. was operating D.

5、was being operated 5、The new school _ when the new term begins. A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. would finish6、The old scientist said that he _ to visit their country before long . A. invited B. had invited C. was inviting D. would be invited 第4页/共33页7、With the help of the Hope Proj

6、ect, more and more new schools _ in the poor area. A. built B. have built C. have been built D. have been building8、He came out and told us that the work _.A. finished B. was finished C. had finished D. had been finished 9、The programmes _ easily if you use a short wave radio. A. can pick up B. pick

7、 up C. picked up D. can be picked up 第5页/共33页在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况中：(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。This watch is made in China.这块手表是在中国制造的。(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。More trees must be planted every year.每年都应该种更多的树。(3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的使用广泛)(4)句子的主语

8、是动作的承受者。Many houses were washed away in the flood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。第6页/共33页 把主动语态改为被动语态可按“ 、 、 ”来进行。即： 变把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。套根据原句的时态套用相应时态。注意注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。 例：Many people speak English. English by many people. He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday.is spokenwere

9、washed一变二套三注意第7页/共33页 把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。且be动词和新主语保持一致。如上例 ，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。 如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语he改为him。第8页/共33页第9页/共33页“双宾语双宾语”改被动语态，直接宾语改被动语态，直接宾语(物物)作主语，变被动语态后动词作主语，变被动语态后动词pass, bring, buy, show, send, give, cook等后要加介词等后要加介词.(这个介词是由与其这个介词是由与其搭配的搭配的动词决定动词

10、决定) ；把指；把指“人人”的间接宾语变主语，则不用介词。的间接宾语变主语，则不用介词。.He gave me a book. 变直接宾语加变直接宾语加to .变间接宾语不加变间接宾语不加 I was given a book (by him). A book was given to me (by him).He showed me a ticket. I was shown a ticket (by him).A ticket was shown to me (by him).My father bought me a new bike. I was bought a new bike (

11、by my father).A new bike was bought for me (by my father).give, offer, pass, show, lend, send, bring, return, tell等用介词; buy, make(制作), mend, cook, sing, get等用.第10页/共33页(5)(5)被动语态后动词形式的选择被动语态后动词形式的选择: :主动句中在感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役动词let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时应加上不定式符号to。He makes the gi

12、rl stay at home.(变为被动语态)The girl is made to stay at home.Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in the theatre.(变为被动语态)They were heard to sing Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday.第11页/共33页主动语态被动语态使役动词make sb do sthsb be made to do sthhave sb do sthsb be had to do sthlet sb do sthsb be let

13、to do sth感观动词see sb do sthsb be seen to do sthwatch sb do sthsb be watched to do sthhear sb do sthsb be heard to do sthnotice sb do sthsb be noticed to do sthgo第12页/共33页1.The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.2.I saw him enter the hou

14、se. He was seen to enter the house by me.3.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.4.We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day.注意当使用当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sthsee/hear/watch sb d

15、oing sth时，变为被动语态时，变为被动语态时，时，doingdoing保持不变。如：保持不变。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动) 第(5)部分巩固训练巩固训练第13页/共33页第14页/共33页.句型句型“主语主语+be+形容词形容词+to do”，“主语主语”是是“不定式不定式”的的“逻辑逻辑宾语宾语”，通常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这类形容词，通常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这类形容词有：有：easy，difficult，heavy，hard，nice，dang

16、erous, important，expensive，comfortable，impossible等。等。例如：例如：The picture is pleasant to look at The chair is comfortable to sit onThe work is impossible to finish. The question is hard to ask.The machine is easy to use. 注意：当不定式中的动词是不及物动词时，要根据需要补充相注意：当不定式中的动词是不及物动词时，要根据需要补充相应的介词。应的介词。The pen is comfort

17、able to write with. 第15页/共33页.无被动语态的动词：.特殊形式的被动：getLets get the work done. 第16页/共33页1. I feel very happy that I _ to be the host. Congratulations! (07 江西) A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen 2. Today Chinese _ by more and more people around the world. (07北京) A. was spoken B. is spok

18、en C. spoke D. speak 第17页/共33页3(课改实验区考生做) (07重庆) Your hometown has changed a lot Yes. Take a look at these tall buildings. They _ last year A. build Bbuilt C. was built Dwere built (非课改实验区考生做) 4. Why is the classroom so dirty? Sorry, sir. It _ yesterday We forgot to do it A. dont clean B. didnt clea

19、n C. werent cleaned D. wasnt cleaned第18页/共33页5.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考题） A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwing C stop to throw D stop from throwing 6.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中考题）A arent ， take away B taken， awayC isnt ， taken awa

20、y D be，taken away7.He _ _ (tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黄冈市中考题）was told第19页/共33页8. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市中考题） another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态9.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by peopl

21、e there last year. (青岛市中考题）10. They grow vegetables on the farm. The vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考题）TThey sent upwere planted are grown第20页/共33页11.11. More and more foreigners speak Chinese in the world today. (08 重庆) Chinese _ _ by more and more foreigners in the world now.12. Dangerous driving c

22、auses many accidents, (08 临沂) Many accidents _ _ _ many dangerous driving.13.The twins ate up all the bananas on the plate. (08 西宁) All the bananas _ _ up by the twins.14.Teachers can use cartoons to give examples in lessons about AIDS. (08 济南)Cartoons _ _ _ to give examples in lessons about AIDS. i

23、s spoken is spoken are caused by are caused by were eaten were eaten can be used can be used 第21页/共33页15.My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year. (06 重庆)A Christmas present _ _ _ me by my uncle last year.was sent towas sent to第22页/共33页第23页/共33页1. The children (allow) to take a trip to Hangzho

24、u tomorrow.2. Two museums (set) up since two years ago.3. The doctor must (send) for at once.4. A reading contest (hold) in the reading room last week.5. The water in the basin (脸盆) should (not use) to wash your face.6. At that moment I saw her _ (take) to the operating room (手术室).7. At the award-gi

25、ving meeting (颁奖大会), they (give) the first prize.8. My watch doesnt work now. It (repair) in the shop.are / were allowed were set not be used taken were given is being repaired be sent was held 第24页/共33页9. These bottles shouldnt (throw) away. They can still (recycle) in some way.10. All kinds of veg

26、etables (carry) to the cities by trucks every morning.11. After the building of the new house (finish), a celebration (hold).12. She doesnt want (ask) in class.13. French (not teach) in this school last term.14. I have thought of several roblems (discuss) at the meeting.15. The babies (take) good ca

27、re of by a group of big girls.16. This book (write) by a famous writer about 50 years ago.17. Whether to go (not decide) yet.18. A goodsuggestion just (offer) by a young teacher. be thrown be recycled are carried was finished was held to be asked was not taught to be discussed are being / were taken

28、 was written hasnt been decided been offered has 第25页/共33页1. We plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in spring every year.2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday.3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _a birthday present by Mr Turner.4. He is drawing a picture. _ by him.5. You

29、may hand in your homework tomorrow. _ by you tomorrow.6. She is going to write a letter. _ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenA picture is being drawnYour homework may be handed inA letter is going to be written第26页/共33页7. I have given you the new book. _ to you.8. Her bag canno

30、t be found by her. _ her bag.9. Do you often hear her sing Russian songs? _Russian songs by you?10. She doesnt let her son swim in the river. _ in the river by her.11. The bridge was being built by them at this time last year. _ the bridge at this time last year.12. Does she often sing the song? _ b

31、y her?The new book has been givenShe cannot findIs she often heard to singHer son isnt let to swimThey were buildingIs the song often sung第27页/共33页 1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have to B are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to

32、 D do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, _and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told ACA三、单项选择第28页/共33页

33、4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge _ by the e

34、nd of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken DCBC第29页/共33页8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. hav

35、e been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for? A. is being built B. has been built