专四语法5讲--从句ppt课件

1、1.从句从句定语从句定语从句：关系词的选择、引导词前介词的选择、非限制性定语从句、特别搭配；状语从句状语从句：让步、条件、结果、方式、原因、目的、时间、地点；名词性从句名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句，以及同位语从句。定语从句考点一定语从句考点一: thata.先行词为all, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词时， b.先行词被形容词最高级及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very 等词修饰时， c. 有两个或两个以上先行词既指人又指物时， d

2、. 在there be句型中 e.在先行词定语从句中充当表语成分 关系代词只能用关系代词只能用that!that!Practice I was very interested in _ she told me. (2009)A. all that B. all which C. all what D. thatThere is really no reason _ we couldnt pass TEM 4.A. Why B. For C. that D. sinceA victim is a person, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, har

3、m, etc.who B. which C. all of them D. thatThis is the very pen _ you are looking for.A. Which B. what C. that D. ofACDC定语从句考点二定语从句考点二: asa. 与such, the same, as (so)连用时，引导限定性定语从句的关系代词是as； Such students _ didnt attend my class would fail in the final exam. b. 引导非限定性定语从句时，as后的被动语态可省略be动词；which则不能省略。 Fo

4、otball and baseball, _ played in the United States today, are basically modifications of games that originated in England.定语从句考点三定语从句考点三: 类似定从的类似定从的whata. What作为关系代词既可指人，也可指物，本身即为先行词，在从句中可作主语，宾语等； _has been done cannot be undone This was exactly _ my teacher told me to do.b. “what+名词”相当于“all the+名词+

5、that”; I have given you what help I can. (all the help I can.) She managed to save _ she could out of her wages to help her brother. (2002)A. how little moneyB. so little moneyC. such little moneyD. what little moneyD定语从句考点四定语从句考点四: 介词介词+关系代词关系代词where引导定语从句，相当于介词in/at + which; Have you ever been in

6、a situation _ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him? （2002） A. by which B. that C. in where D. where This company has now introduced a policy _ pay rises are related to performance at work. (1996)A. which B. where C. whether D. what B/DB定语从句考点四定语从句考点四: 介词介词+关系代词关系代词 b. 介词+

7、关系代词，该介词为先行名词的习惯搭配介词; The party, _I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable. （2006） A. by which B. for which C. to which D. at whichDc. 介词+关系代词，该介词为从句里动词或者形容词词组里的习惯搭配介词；（注意引导词选用）This is the ring _ she spent $1,000. The author _ we all are quite familiar will visit our company next week.on wh

8、ichwith whom定语从句考点四定语从句考点四: 介词介词+关系代词关系代词定语从句考点四定语从句考点四: 介词介词+关系代词关系代词d. of + which表示 “的”,表示“某物的”，如果用whose, 则既可指“某人的”，也可指“某物的”。Above the trees are the hills, _ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. (2003) A. where B. of whose C. whose D. whichC定语从句考点五定语从句考点五:关系词语法功能关系词语法功能 作主语：人

9、who, 物which, 人或物that（限定） 作宾语：人whom, 物which,人或物that（限定） 作定语：人或物whose, 物 of which 作表语：人或物that, 可省略关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 作时间状语：when=at/in/on/during which,先行词为表示时间的名词； 作地点状语：where=in/at which,先行词为表示时间的名词； 作原因状语：why=for which,先行词为reason；PracticeIve never been to Lhasa, but thats the city_. (1999) A. Id most l

10、ike to visit B. where I like to visit C. which I like to visit mostly D. Id like much to visitHe is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _ he was twenty years ago. （2003） A. which B. that C. who D. whomFirms that use computers have found that the number of staff _ is needed for

11、quality control can be substantially reduced. (2000) A. whose B. as C. what D. thatABD定语从句考点六定语从句考点六:非限定性从句非限定性从句 非限定性从句的关系词为which, who, whom, as, 介词+which (不能用that)They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, _ is something we had not expected. （2003） A. wh

12、ich B. it C. that D. what Weve just installed two air-conditioners in out apartment, _should make great differences in our life next summer. （2002） A. which B. what C. that D. theyAA定语从句考点七定语从句考点七:but But引导限制性定语从句，先行词可是人也可是物，表示“that/who/whichnot”There are very few _ admire his talents.Not a day went

13、 by _ brought us bad news at that difficult time.=Not a day went by which did not bring us bad news at that difficult time.状语从句考点状语从句考点1：让步：让步a. 主要引导词:Though/although虽然 (主句不能加but，但可加yet，still,或nevertheless） Even if/though 即使No matter + 疑问词 无论（修饰形容词，副词紧跟）疑问词 + ever 无论（修饰形容词，副词紧跟）In spite of the fact

14、that 尽管 （that不可省略）Much as 不管，尽管For all (that) 尽管（that可省略）While 尽管，虽然（隐含并列转折）Granted/granting that 虽然，尽管分析题干逻辑关系！分析题干逻辑关系！Practice_, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.（2005）Although he is a socialistEven if he is a socialistBeing a socialistSince he is a socialist_ I like econo

15、mics, I like sociology much better. (2003)As much as B. So much C. How much D. Much asADPractice_ I sympathize, I cant really do very much to help them out of the difficulties. (2001)As long as B. As C. While D. Even_ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. (2009)Wh

16、atever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. However_ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive. （2006） A. Although B. whatever C. As D. HoweverCAD状语从句考点状语从句考点1：让步：让步b. as / though引导的让步从句如果有强调部分，将强调部分置于句首。Child as/though he was, he could help his mother. 注意：注意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。b.句首是实义动词，其他

17、助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 PracticeFool _ jerry is, he could not have done such a thing. (2010)A. who B. as C. like D. that_ he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.Try hard asHard try asTry as hardAs try hardBA状语从句考点状语从句考点2：条件：条件a. 主要引导词:if 如果unless 除非as/so long as 只要in

18、 case 万一providing/provided (that) 假如supposing/suppose/assuming (that) 假如on condition that 条件是only if 只要，只有given (that) 如果in the event that 如果，在情况下say 假如PracticeHe asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _ that he paid me back the following week. (2005) A. on occasion B. on purpose C.

19、on condition D. only ifThis is an illness that can result in total blindness _ left untreated.A. after B. if C. since D. unlessCB从句与主句主语同指才能省略。从句与主句主语同指才能省略。状语从句考点状语从句考点2：条件：条件b. 若将条件从句的连词if省略，应用倒装句型，即将从句中的谓语动词were, should, had 等提到句首。（强调虚拟语气）_ both sides accept the agreement _ a lasting peace be est

20、ablished in this region. (2004)A. Only if, will B. If only, would C. Should, will D. Unless, wouldC状语从句考点状语从句考点3：结果：结果引导词So that 如此 以至于Such that如此 以至于With the result that 结果是So much so that 如此 以至于To the degree/extent that 以至于,到的地步To such a degree that状语从句考点状语从句考点3：结果：结果b. 当sothat结构中的so置于句首表示强调时，句子要用

21、倒装语序。_ in the novel that he didnt realize it was 8 oclock already.So he was absorbedSo was he absorbedSo absorbed he wasA. So was absorbed heC状语从句考点状语从句考点3：结果：结果c. sothat 和 suchthat区别In the area, AIDS is _ disease that the very mention of it strikes terror into the population.a so dreadfulso dreadfu

22、l asuch dreadfulA. a such dreadfulB状语从句考点状语从句考点4：时间：时间引导词当时候：when, while, as, just as, next time, the last time, each time, every time, whenever时间先后：before, after一就：as soon as, once, hardlywhen/before, scarcely when/before, no sooner than, directly, immediately, instantly, the moment/second/minuteBy

23、 the time 到时候；it is the first；notuntil直到才；till 直到时候，since自从，ever since 自从PracticeThe couple had no sooner got to the station _ the coach left. (2009)whenasuntilA. thanD状语从句考点状语从句考点4：时间：时间b. While 和 when区别:while“在的时候”，when时间段/点c. 以下引导词主句需要用完成时态：by the time, it is the first time, hardly/scarcelywhen/b

24、efore, no sooner than, since, ever since.By the time I got home, they _ (leave) for the airport.d. 否定词置于句首时注意倒装。No sooner _ than it began to rain.I had reachedhad I reached did I reachI reachedhad leftB状语从句考点状语从句考点5：原因：原因引导词 because（前可有副词修饰，例如chiefly,和simply）since, as，forin that在于, now that既然, seein

25、g (that), considering (that)鉴于in as/so much as 因为Not because, but because不是因为，而是因为b. because, since, as, for 区别：它们的语气依次渐弱。当because 从句放在句末且前面有逗号时，可用for，但如果不是直接说明原因而是根据情况加以判断或推断时，只能用for，而不能用because.1) It must have rained yesterday, _ the ground is wet.2) He didnt go to school yesterday, _ he was ill.1

26、) for 2) for/becausePractice1.Barry had an advantage over of being born in USA _he could speak English. （2001）A. since that B. in that C. at that D. so that2. Men differ from animals _ they can think and speak. A. for which B. for that （2008） C. in that D. in which 状语从句考点状语从句考点6：其它：其它方式引导词As 像，正如；(j

27、ust) as so正如，也；As if 好像As though 好像；The way 以的方式目的引导词so that, in order that, lest, for fear that （should, would 情态）地点引导词Where, wherever, anywhere, everywherePracticeShe did her work _her manager had instructed. （2002） A. as B. until C. when D. though_ he showed us around, we saw green lawns and beau

28、tiful flower beds.When B. everywhere C. where D. whatRead in a good light _ it (should) hurt your eyes. A. So that B. now that C. lest D. leastABC名词性从句考点名词性从句考点1：从句连接词选择：从句连接词选择 连接词：that, whether, if （只起连接作用，不作句子成分） 关系代词：who, whom, whose, what , which, whatever, whichever, whoever（既起连接作用，又担任主语，宾语，定语

29、，表语等成分） 关系副词：when, where, how, who (既起连接作用，又作状语)PracticeThe government has promised to do _ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-striken area. (2004)however B. whichever C. whatever D. whereverThere is no doubt _ the company has made the right decision on the sales pro

30、ject.why B. that C. whether D. whenAfter _ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel managers office.that B. there C. what D. itThe team can handle whatever _.that needs handling B. which needs handlingA.It needs handling D. needs to be handledCBCD名词性从句考点名词性从句考点2：be+情感形容词情感形容词+从句从句 这类带如afraid, sorry, sure, glad, disappointed, delighted, glad等表示感情词的句子若为肯定句，一般由that引导。 I am sur