独立主格结构—with的复合结构

1、独立主格结构独立主格结构“with+名词名词+分词分词”的用法的用法独立主格结构 目的：表环境，心态，氛围目的：表环境，心态，氛围 形式：名词形式：名词+形容词形容词/分词分词/介词短语介词短语 实质：主系表去掉系动词，由句子退化而实质：主系表去掉系动词，由句子退化而来的小短语（做状语）来的小短语（做状语）“主语主语”“表语表语”短语短语The soup is hotThe soup hotSword in hand and knife on back, they stepped onto the Guangming Peak.Room empty and windows opened, pe

2、ople left the house. 描述图片和人物心态氛围环境的绝佳句子描述图片和人物心态氛围环境的绝佳句子1.名词或代词名词或代词+分词（分词（doing或或done）The guests having left, he began to take a short rest.All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.Mr. Lee falling ill, Ill do it instead of him.2. 名词或代词名词或代词+形容词形容词/副词副词He entered the room, hi

3、s nose red with cold.= He entered the room, his nose being red with cold.All the guests (being) here, she felt very happy.Our lessons (being) over, we went out to play basketball.It being Sunday, I neednt go to school.being的逻辑主语是代词时，的逻辑主语是代词时，being不能省略不能省略3.名词或代词名词或代词+不定式不定式The exam to be held tomor

4、row, I couldnt go to the cinema tonight.4.名词或代词名词或代词+名词名词He fought the robber, a stick his only weapon.5.名词或代词名词或代词+介词短语介词短语The teacher was walking up and down the classroom, with the iron ruler under his arm.The children came running towards us, with flowers in their hands.6.There表存在时，也可构成独立主格结构表存在

5、时，也可构成独立主格结构There being no buses, they walked to the theatre.逻辑主语为代词或者有引导词逻辑主语为代词或者有引导词there时，时，being不不能省略。能省略。“with+名词+分词”的用法 WithWith复合宾语结构式英语的一种重要的句复合宾语结构式英语的一种重要的句法现象。它是由法现象。它是由with+with+名词（代词）名词（代词）+ +介词介词短语短语/ /形容词形容词/ /副词副词/ /名词名词/ /现在分词现在分词/ /过去分过去分词词/ /不定式组成，在句中作状语，可以表示不定式组成，在句中作状语，可以表示伴随、方

6、式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情伴随、方式、原因、结果等各种复杂的情况。其中分词的形式取决于该动词与前面况。其中分词的形式取决于该动词与前面名词之间的关系，用现在分词表示主动关名词之间的关系，用现在分词表示主动关系、用过去分词表示被动关系。系、用过去分词表示被动关系。一、句法结构一、句法结构1.with+名词名词/代词代词+介词短语介词短语He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand.The old man stood there, with his back against the wall.Mary was sitting near the

7、fire, with her back towards the door.2. with+名词名词/代词代词+形容词形容词He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open.The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery.He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold. 3.with+名词名词/代词代词+副词副词 With production up by 60%, the company has had anoth

8、er excellent year. The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on. The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down. He put on his socks with the wrong side out. 4.with+名词名词/代词代词+名词名词 She used to sit reading in the evening with he pet dog her only companion. He died with his

9、daughter yet a schoolgirl. 5.with+名词名词/代词代词+现在分词现在分词 She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her. With you helping me whenever Im in trouble, I feel very obliged to you. 6.with+名词名词/代词代词+过去分词过去分词 “I think we can leave with out heads held high,” Erik said. The goalkeep

10、er left England with his flaws laid bare. 7.with+名词名词/代词代词+不定式不定式 With 10 minutes to go, youd better hurry. With you to lead us, out group is sure to succeed. 二、句法功能二、句法功能 1. with独立主格结构主要用作状语，可以表示伴随、独立主格结构主要用作状语，可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。方式、原因、时间等。 With Mary to help him, he is sure to succeed.(原因原因) With win

11、ter coming on, it is getting colder and colder day by day. （时间）（时间） The streets are even more beautiful with all lights on.（方式）（方式） The teacher came into the classroom with a ruler under his arm.（伴随）（伴随） 2.也可以用作后置定语也可以用作后置定语 The girl reached a river bank with so many flowers on both banks. 三，句法省略三，句法省略 With独立主格结构中的省略主要是指在独立主格结构中的省略主要是指在“with+名词名词+介词短语介词短语”