电大小学教育《汉语通论》试题及答案小抄参考

1、专业好文档中央广播电视大学2009-2010学年度第二学期“开放本科期末考试汉语通论 试题一、填空【每空2分，共20分） 1汉语属于-语系。 2按其构造方式的不同，可将词分为-和_两大类。 3词义的历时变化主要有三种情况：(1)词义的-；(2)词义的- ；(3)词义的_。 4书面语体包括：(1)一-语体；(2) -语体；(3)-语体；(4)-语体。二、简答（15分）同古代汉语相比，现代汉语主要表现出哪些较为明显的特点？三、分析下列汉字的音节结构（10分） 韵 母 声 调声母 韵头 韵腹 韵尾 调类 调值 恐 惊 天 上 人四、用框式图解法分析下列复杂短语（每小题8分，共16分）1那件事儿一直被

2、他牢牢地记在心里。2校长同意派刘老师去北京的大学进修。五、用划线法分析下列多重复句（注明层次和关系。每小题7分，共 14分） 1别人说得对， 我们就应该欢迎， 并要向别人的长处学习； 别人说得不对，也应该让别人说完， 然后慢慢加以解释。 2他的经济学家朋友都认为他疯了， 因为根据“经济人”的说法， 人们肯定会把面包统统偷走， 他会赔得倾家荡产。 可是他却很有信心， 坚持按照自己的方法做了下去。六、指明下列语句所用的修辞格（每小题5分，共10分） 1桃树、杏树、李树，你不让我，我不让你，都开满了花赶趟儿。红的像火，粉的像霞，白的像雪。 2看吧，狂风紧紧抱起一层层巨浪，恶狠狠地将它们甩到悬崖上，把

3、这些大块的翡翠摔成尘雾和碎末。七、将下面一段文言文翻译成现代汉语（15分） 管子日：“仓廪实而知礼节。”民不足而可治者，自古及今，未之尝闻。古之人日：“一夫不耕，或受之饥；一女不织，或受之寒。”生之有时而用之亡度，则物力必屈。古之治天下，至娥至悉也，故其畜积足恃。今背本而趋末，食者甚众，是天下之大残也；淫侈之俗日日以长，是天下之大贼也。试卷代号：1 166 中央广播电视大学2009-2010学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试汉语通论试题答案及评分标准 （供参考） 2010年7月一、填空（每空2分，共20分） 1汉藏 2单纯词 合成词 3扩大 缩小 转移 4文艺 公文 科技 政论二、筒答（15分

4、） 同古代汉语相比，现代汉语在以下方面表现出比较明显的特点： (1)语音方面 古汉语有人声，现代汉语普通话里没有。 (2)词汇方面 古代汉语里单音节词占多数，而现代汉语里则是双音节词占多数。 (3)语法方面 古代汉语量词不发达，数词可以直接修饰名词；现代汉语数词一般不能直接修饰名词，数词和名词之间必须有量词。古汉语中词类活用现象较多，现代汉语中词类活用现象没有古汉语那么多，而且词类活用是被作为一种修辞现象看待的。省略在古今汉语中都能见到，但在古汉语中更为多见，更为复杂，成为古汉语的特点之一；现代汉语的省略则不如古汉语多见、多样。古今汉语的语序基本上是一致的，但不是完全没有变化。特别是动词和宾语

5、的顺序，古今汉语有不同的地方。三、分析下列汉字的音节结构（10分）五、用划线法分析下列多重复句（注明层次和关系。每小题7分，共14分）六、指明下列语句所用的修辞格（每小题5分，共10分） 1比拟 比喻 排比（答出两种即可） 2比拟 比喻（或借喻）七、将下面一段文言文翻译成现代汉语（15分） 管子说：“粮仓充实了，（人民）就会懂得礼节。”人民不富足而能治理好（国家），从古代到现在，不曾听说过这样的事儿。古代的人说：“一个男子不耕作，（就）有人要挨饿；一个女子不织布，（就）有人要受冻。”生产东西有时间（的限制），但消费它却没有限度，那么（社会上的）财富一定会缺乏。古代的人治理天下，（计划）极细致周

6、全，所以国家的积蓄足以作为依靠。现在许多人放弃农业去从事工商业，消费的人很多，这是天下的大害；淫靡奢侈的风气一天天滋长，这也是天下的大害。winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis' 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggra

7、vated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnley's effort in their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competition's top try scorer with nine, closely followe

8、d by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the worl

9、d cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011."i'd give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifa's anti-racism tas

10、kforce, is in london for the football association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend city's premier league match at chelsea on sunday."i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure," he told bbc sport."for me it's about how he fel

11、t and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against cska for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during city's 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european football's governing body, ha

12、s also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.cska said they were "surprised and disappointed" by toure's complaint. in a statement the russian side added: "we found no racist insults from fans of cska." baumgartner the disappointing news: mission a

13、borted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move

14、through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratospher

15、e. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caug

16、ht cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by england's josh charnley in the opening game of the tournament.that

17、could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos' focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good k

18、ick-chase. they've been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.it is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.in johnathan thurston, cooper cronk, cameron smith and either billy slater or greg inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. they have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless as