拍摄家庭照的5要5不要

1、拍摄家庭照的"5要5不要" 拍好家庭照是作为一名摄影师的基本功。尤其对刚入行的摄影师来说，这常常是他们赖以吃饭的技术。在摄影史上，相机最广泛的用途不是用来搞抽象艺术，也不是拍宠物，而是用来拍人以及他们的家庭。由于拍摄一张照片的困难和昂贵，摄影师们练出了一次拍摄成功以及在一张照片里塞进尽可能多的人的本事。为了在这个经典却经常被忽视的摄影领域里做到精益求精并脱颖而出，我写了这个关于家庭照的“5要5不要”教程。其中一些实例来自于我开的人像摄影研讨课程。家庭照拍摄“5要”1) 被摄主体要靠拢虽然是一家人，但大多数情况下他们还是靠得不够近。或许是美国人的个人空间观念吧，不过

2、这对我来讲始终是个问题，让大家靠近确实能大大改善照片的整体味道。当家庭成员身体上靠近的时候，就散发出一种温暖的感觉，从视觉上就让我们感到家庭成员就应该是这样贴近的。即使你是在拍一群妖怪，当他们肩并肩靠在一起的时候也会看起来像个模范家庭，拍出来的整体效果就是要比随手拍的快照好得多。刚开始的时候，让他们站得稍微侧一点儿，肩与肩重叠起来。另外还要考虑家庭成员的年龄。如果老祖母还在，记得给她准备一把椅子；要是二老都在，就准备两把。2) 着装要协调去拍摄之前就可以给他们一些着装方面的指导。虽说最终的着装还是取决于他们自己的喜好和家庭风格，但你可以提醒他们尽可能在色调上有所重叠，避免出现太夸张的颜色、图案

3、或标志。这样的建议会很有用，可以使你的后期处理更轻松，而且在黑白还是彩色方面有选择余地。如我所说，虽然客户的照片由客户自己决定，但能有专业人员指点一下总是好的。3) 注意照片里有谁闭眼了如果拍摄对象只是一两个人，那你一直拍呀拍呀就行了。但如果是拍一个大集体，那你这么最好拍几张就会放检查一下。否则到头来你很可能找不到一张所有人都睁着眼睛的照片。过去我以为，数码相机嘛，高速连拍按它一串下来，总能拍到一张对的吧。结果有了几次靠photoshop移植眼睛的经历之后我就不这么想了。如果是某人的笑容差一些，也还算过得去，但要是在客户十年来的头一张家庭合影里有人看上去竟然像睡着了或是像刚嗑了药，客户恐怕会不

4、太开心。你要学会靠经验瞬间扫一下所有人的眼睛。4) 把他们逗笑有时候咧嘴笑笑能出人意料地打破紧张气氛。可以说些摄影师的典型笑话，比如说“好，我希望你们都钻到焦点里去。”，或者是请大家尽力摆出他们最魅人的pose。让人微笑的一个方法是让他们做平时一般不做的事情。让他们试着跳，跑，或者叠人山，能想到的都行。你要是有什么好用的方法，请在下面板凳里和大家分享。5.) 尽量虚化背景在保证每个人都清晰的前提下使用尽可能大的光圈值。2.8的光圈值会使背景的树啊灌木啊如牛奶般柔滑，不过同时也可能把站在最边上的大叔拍模糊了。当大家的位置在不同的焦平面上的时候这个问题尤其明显。一般的解决方法就是用比镜头最大光圈小

5、一些的光圈值，然后用屏幕预览，放大，确认每个人看上去都挺好。然后再调节、继续。如果你对这个真的很在乎，我听说有摄影师通过在野餐桌上纵向排列杯子来估测景深范围的。这对我来说有点极端了，反正记得别忘了最边上的人就好。家庭照拍摄“5不要”1.) 别忘了检查相机的所有基本设置iso感光度（越低越好），图片尺寸（raw，fine），曝光补偿，测光，等等。最令人伤心的事情就是，当一次成功的拍摄进行到最后，你却发现你的相机设置还停留在上次拍东西上ebay卖的时候的“低画质”设置。2.) 不要让被摄者的头倒在一起平时家庭烧烤的时候拍出这样的照片没什么问题，但对一个收费摄影师来说就不行了。被摄者倾向于认为他们把

6、头倒在一起效果更好。这很有趣。我发现有时候甚至我自己，在被拍摄的时候，也会做这样的动作。这个要注意避免。当然，某些表现情意绵绵的pose会刻意需要这样做，这是例外。3.) 别显得不自信不要说类似于“好像不行呀”这样的话。 要换种肯定的句式“真棒！我们再试几个位置吧。”你越是告诉他们片子很好，最后拍出来的片子效果就真的越好。那些时尚摄影师拍片的时候就老说“我喜欢这个”、“你真漂亮”、“这个好棒”等等。你要是表现得像是从没见过如此绝妙好片，你的这股热情就会给你你所要的东西，被摄者的笑容中也会体现出更多信心。4/5.) 最后两点看上去像是冲突的，所以我得放在一起 4.) 别让老母亲主导拍摄. 5.)

7、 不用担心让老母亲老父亲甚至小孩提出他们的想法.首先讲妈妈。大家都规规矩矩，不跑不跳，直到拍完前都一直沉闷无语。你要是这么干的话在回家的时候能受到款待。但这恐怕毁掉了一个8岁孩子这辈子对家庭摄影日的所有期待。先不说是不是真的有可能控制住一个8岁小孩的行为，首先这样做就尽管确实不太可能控制一个8岁儿童的行为，但这确实会影响拍摄过程。if you are sensing a strong arm from mother, make sure to get the squeaky clean formals done right off the bat. they are easy and trad

8、itional. （这个我不懂，请指教）然后告诉老母亲你已经拍好了，接下去要和小孩玩了。让小孩就自由自在地打闹玩耍，你就抓拍他们最好的样子。客户可能已经在朋友那边看到好玩的家庭照片，想自己也拍一套这样的。 你应该接受客户的建议，当然也别让她们觉得你完全没有自己的想法。拍摄效果通常会很棒，而且客户会觉得自己在拍摄中有了更多参与，而不仅仅是给一张笑脸而已。family portraits dos and donts for a photographer, skills in family portraits are are essential and are usually the br

9、ead and butter for up and coming photographers. looking at the history of photography, one of the first popular uses the camera was not for abstract art, or photographing the family pet, but for photographing people and their families. because of the expense and difficulty of each photo taken, they

10、became masters at getting things right the first time and being able to fit in as many people as possible into the frame. in order to hone in on the small things that make a difference in this classic and often overlooked form of photography, i have come up with my five dos and five donts of family

11、portraits. ive also included a few examples from portrait sessions we have done.family portraits dos1) do squish your groups togethermost likely, even though they are family they wont be getting close enough. maybe its an american personal space thing, but its always been an issue for me and having

12、everyone in tight truly makes a difference in the tone of the picture. when families are physically close, it emits a warmth and visually shows what families should be likeclose. even if you are photographing the adams family, when you get everyone rubbing shoulders they look like a model family and

13、 the overall composition is more finished than a typical snapshot. as a starter, try having people stand at slight angles with shoulders overlapping. also, consider the age of your family. if grandma is present, make sure you have a chair for her. if grandma and grandpa are both there, youll will ne

14、ed two chairs.2) do coordinate clothingbefore you meet with your family you should guide them in a wardrobe choice. ultimately it is up to them and their families style to choose what they wear but simply reminding them to possibly overlap in a color scheme, avoid extreme colors, prints and logos on

15、 their clothing can make a big difference. this will give you an easier time post production, and you will have both options in color and black and white. as i said, its their picture and their choice, but a casual recommendation from a professional is usually appreciated. 3) do check the scree

16、n for blinkingshooting and shooting is ok for one or two people, but in a larger group it can be hit and miss and you may miss that one photo where everyone has there eyes open. i used to think “hey, its digital. ill use the rapid fire method and surely ill get one right.” after a few sessions of tr

17、ansplanting eyes from one photo to another in photoshop, ive changed my methods. you can get away with a weak smile but if someone looks like they are sleeping or on drugs in there first family portrait in 10 years, the customer may not be too happy. with experience you learn to quickly scan across

18、everyones eyes in an instant.4) try and be funny to get some genuine smilesa few cheesy jokes work surprisingly well to break the tension. a typical photographer joke might be saying “ok, i need everyone to get in focus.” or asking everyone to strike their best glamor pose. other ways to get a smile

19、 is to get them doing something they dont normally do. have them try jumping, running, human pyramids or whatever comes to mind. if you have a one-liner youve used successfully, or a creative and fun pose, sound off in the comments for the rest of us.5.) do try and blur the backgroundchoose the larg

20、est aperture setting you can, while still keeping everyone sharp. an aperture of 2.8 might make the trees and shrubbery look silky smooth, but it might make uncle bob at the end of the line look fuzzy. this is especially a problem when everyone is standing on different focal planes. the solution is

21、often to shoot a few clicks smaller than the lenses widest aperture, then use the preview screen and zoom button on your camera to make sure everyone is looking good. then adjust and continue. if youre really serious about this, ive even heard of photographers setting out cups length-wise on a picni

22、c table to estimate the distances you start to loose focus. seems extreme to me, just dont forget about uncle bob.family portraits donts1.) dont forget to check all your basic camera settings before clicking awayiso (go as low as possible), image size (raw, fine), exposure compensation, metering etc

23、. it would be sad to get to the end of a great session and realize you didnt change the low quality settings from the last time you used your camera shooting garbage pal kids you planned on selling on ebay. of course in-door and out-door settings will differ as will naturally lit an artificially lit

24、.2.) dont let your subjects tilt their heads into each otherthis is fine for your everyday joe at the family bar-b-que, but not a paid photographer. subjects tend to think they will fit into the picture better if they tilt and lower their heads. funny thing is, ive even caught myself doing this when

25、 i was being photographed. watch for it and avoid it. there is always the lovey-dovey pose where they intentionally lean heads in, but thats not what im talking about.3.) dont sound insecuredont say things like “this isnt working.” rephrase it into a positive, “great, lets try a few more positions.”

26、 the more you tell them the pictures are looking great the better looking the pictures will get. think high fashion cliches like, “love it,” “your beautiful,” “what a great one.” if you act like you have never seen such great photos the energy will give you just what your looking for and they will s

27、how confidence in their smiles.4/5.) these last two may seem to contradict each other so i want to put them together. 4.) dont let mom run the show. 5.) dont be afraid to let mom, dad, and kids come up with ideas and posing.first about mom. we all remember the drill, no running, no jumping, no dirt, and pretty much no fun until after the pictures. if you do this you can get a treat on th