轴承基础知识PPT课件

1、what is a bearing什么是滚动轴承？什么是滚动轴承？滚动轴承是能够以最小摩擦力在两个反相方滚动轴承是能够以最小摩擦力在两个反相方向移动的界面内传输负荷的机器元件向移动的界面内传输负荷的机器元件它包括内圈和外圈，在两圈之间有一个运转在轨道间的滚动元件它包括内圈和外圈，在两圈之间有一个运转在轨道间的滚动元件为了阻止滚动元件间的相互接触，它们都被保持架均匀的间隔开来为了阻止滚动元件间的相互接触，它们都被保持架均匀的间隔开来basic bearing componentsbasicbearingcomponents基本的轴承组成部件基本的轴承组成部件bearing componentou

2、ter ringinner ringrolling elements外圈外圈内圈内圈滚动体滚动体rolling element滚珠型滚珠型滚柱型滚柱型滚针状滚针状圆柱状圆柱状球面状球面状锥状锥状bearing componentouter ringinner ringcagerolling elements内圈内圈外圈外圈保持架保持架滚动体滚动体cagemachine brass cage(m)press steel cage(j)polyamide cage(tn,p)聚酰胺罩聚酰胺罩(tn,p)车床加工黄铜罩车床加工黄铜罩(m)压钢罩压钢罩(j)shield/seal密封圈密封圈(rs1/

3、rsr)/(2rs1/2rsr)防尘盖防尘盖(zr)/(zz/2zr)radial & axialclearance 径向和轴向间隙径向和轴向间隙radial clearanceradial clearance径向间隙径向间隙axial clearanceaxial clearance轴向间隙轴向间隙4 types of clearance5 types of clearancec2normalc5c4c3internal clearanceexample: bearing 6215 c2normal c3 c4 c5 min（最小） 1 10 25 46 65 max（最大） 15

4、30 51 71 105value in micron五种间隙五种间隙内部间隙内部间隙常规常规的的例如例如轴承型号：轴承型号：6215单位：微米单位：微米magnitudemagnitudeofofloadload负荷量的大小负荷量的大小radial loadradial forcedeep groove ball bearingcylindrical roller bearing examples径向的力径向的力例如例如深槽滚珠轴承深槽滚珠轴承圆筒形滚柱轴承圆筒形滚柱轴承axial loadaxial forceball thrust bearingroller thrust bearing

5、examplesone direction or bi-direction例如例如推力球轴承推力球轴承推力滚子轴承推力滚子轴承轴向的力轴向的力单向或双向单向或双向combine loadradial forcetaper roller bearingspherical roller bearingaxial forceexamples径向的力径向的力轴向的力轴向的力例如例如球面滚子轴承球面滚子轴承圆锥滚子轴承圆锥滚子轴承3 types of tolerance fits3 types ofbearing fit三种轴承配合三种轴承配合fitsictnterference fitlearance

6、 fitransition fit过盈配合过盈配合间隙配合间隙配合过渡配合过渡配合fitsinterference fitclearance fittransition fit间隙配合间隙配合过渡配合过渡配合过盈配合过盈配合how to identify bearing?如何识别轴承？如何识别轴承？designation no. on bearingdesignation on bearingexampleprefixprefixsuffixsuffixbearing no.bearing no.6209.zzc3/6209.zzc3/zzr/c3zzr/c3nu308ecp/nu308ecp

7、/e.tvp2e.tvp2轴承的名称轴承的名称前缀前缀轴承编号轴承编号后缀后缀例如例如bearing designation止推球轴承止推球轴承双列球轴承双列球轴承圆锥滚子轴承圆锥滚子轴承球面滚子轴承球面滚子轴承/球面止推滚子轴承球面止推滚子轴承自动调心球轴承自动调心球轴承双列角接触球轴承（或双列向心推力球）双列角接触球轴承（或双列向心推力球）bearing designation深沟球轴承深沟球轴承角接触球轴承）角接触球轴承）推力圆柱滚子轴承推力圆柱滚子轴承圆柱滚子轴承圆柱滚子轴承双排圆柱滚子轴承双排圆柱滚子轴承四点接触球轴承四点接触球轴承bearing designation3 0 2 0

8、5bearing no. x5bearing bore dia. 25mmthis apply to bearing bore dia. from 20mm to 490mm轴承编号轴承编号 x 5轴承的内孔直径就等于轴承的内孔直径就等于25mm只是适用于内孔直径范围在只是适用于内孔直径范围在20mm-490mm之间的轴承之间的轴承目前目前srb产品范围产品范围current srb product range: 2220525mm bore / 52mm o.d.239/1250 1250mm bore / 1630mm o.d.envelope based on abma std. 20

9、& iso 15measure bearing dimensionwidthinner ring dia.outer ring dia.测量轴承尺寸测量轴承尺寸宽度宽度内圈直径内圈直径外圈直径外圈直径basic rating life equation.基础的轴承寿命计算方程式基础的轴承寿命计算方程式l10h equationl10h =1 000 00060 n_(_cp)pc = basic dynamic load rating, np = exponent of the life equationp = equivalent dynamic bearing load, nl10

10、 = basic rating life, millions of revolutions =()cppwherep = 3 for ball bearingsp = 10/3 for roller bearingl10h = basic rating life, operating hours_基本寿命，运行小时基本寿命，运行小时基本寿命，百万转数基本寿命，百万转数基本动态的负荷基本动态的负荷, n相等于动态的轴承负荷相等于动态的轴承负荷, n寿命方程式指数寿命方程式指数滚珠轴承的指数为滚珠轴承的指数为3滚筒轴承的指数为滚筒轴承的指数为10/3chartexamplefrom the cha

11、rt 一位工程师想要为他的印刷机挑选一个匹配的滚珠轴一位工程师想要为他的印刷机挑选一个匹配的滚珠轴转速转速恒定负荷恒定负荷最少基本寿命，最少基本寿命，l10h = 20,000 运行小时运行小时从图表中得出从图表中得出detail chartc/p = 10.6c/p = 10.6example.contan engineer wants to select a ball bearing for his printing machine.speed, n = 1000 r/min.constant load, fr = 3000n.min. basic rating life, l10h =

12、20 000 operating hours. from the chart c/p = 10.6 一位工程师想要为他的印刷机挑选一个匹配的滚珠轴一位工程师想要为他的印刷机挑选一个匹配的滚珠轴转速转速恒定负荷恒定负荷从图表中得出从图表中得出最少基本寿命，最少基本寿命，l10h = 20,000 运行小时运行小时example.contan engineer wants to select a ball bearing for his printing machine.speed, n = 1000 r/min.constant load, fr = 3000n.min. basic ratin

13、g life, l10h = 20 000 operating hours. fr = p = 3000 n from the chart c/p = 10.6 = 31 800 nbasic dynamic load rating, c c = 10.6 x p c = 10.6 x 3000 一位工程师想要为他的印刷机挑选一个匹配的滚珠轴一位工程师想要为他的印刷机挑选一个匹配的滚珠轴转速转速恒定负荷恒定负荷最少基本寿命，最少基本寿命，l10h = 20,000 运行小时运行小时从图表中得出从图表中得出基本动态的负荷基本动态的负荷bearing selected6209.zz 33 200n

14、 7500r/min dynamic, c speed 速度速度 6307.zz 33 200n 8500r/minbearing selected l10h = 3320060 x 1000_(30001000 000)_3using l10h equation, l10h = 20 332 hours customer requirements = 20 000 hours 轴承选择轴承选择动态负荷动态负荷使用使用l10h方程式方程式顾客要求顾客要求= 20，000 小时小时types of bearing普通的轴承种类普通的轴承种类types of bearingdgbb深沟球轴承深沟球

15、轴承deep groove ball bearingsbest for high speed application2) good for low noise running1) low radial loading capacity2) limitation to carry axial load3) poor self-aligning capability 深沟球轴承深沟球轴承优点优点最好运用在高速运转的情况最好运用在高速运转的情况运转中噪音低运转中噪音低缺点缺点径向的负载容量低径向的负载容量低运送轴向负荷的局限性运送轴向负荷的局限性 缺乏自动对位能力缺乏自动对位能力self-align

16、ing ball bearing1) accommodate angular misalignmentinner ring taperwith rubber seals2) accommodate errors of alignment自动调心球轴承自动调心球轴承设计设计锥形内圈配有两个橡胶密封圈锥形内圈配有两个橡胶密封圈优点优点调节角度误差或角位移调节角度误差或角位移调节对位误差调节对位误差acbb角接触球轴承角接触球轴承angular contact ball bearings1) higher speed than deep grooveball bearing for precisio

17、n type1) poor in errors of alignment2) can support radial and axial load in one direction2) mount in pair or with a located bearing on the same shaft角接触球轴承角接触球轴承优点优点适用于精密机械，与深槽滚珠轴承相比可用于更高速适用于精密机械，与深槽滚珠轴承相比可用于更高速在同一方向上既可支持径向也可轴向的负荷在同一方向上既可支持径向也可轴向的负荷缺点缺点对位误差大对位误差大要成对的安装或者跟一个定位的轴承安装在同一个轴上要成对的安装或者跟一个定位

18、的轴承安装在同一个轴上angular contact angleback-to-backtandemface-to-facecontact angle40o12o15o25oprecision angle角接触球轴承角接触球轴承接触角度接触角度精密角度精密角度背对背背对背面对面面对面一前一后一前一后crb圆柱滚子轴承圆柱滚子轴承cylindrical bearingnupnupnjnjnunun nsrb球球面面滚滚子子轴轴承承designcccce ecac & cacac & caadapter sleevewithdrawal sleeve球面滚子轴承球面滚子轴承设计设计

19、退卸套退卸套紧定套（或连接套管）紧定套（或连接套管）seals球面滚子轴承球面滚子轴承密封圈密封圈misalignmentseating offsetseating out of squaredeflected housingdeflected shaft偏转轴偏转轴偏转机架偏转机架座套偏移座套偏移座套不成直角座套不成直角spherical roller bearingstaper roller bearing圆圆锥锥滚滚子子轴轴承承thrust ball/roller bearings-housing washer-shaft washer-cage & ball/roller-sp

20、acer(for double row)推力球推力球/推力滚子轴承推力滚子轴承设计设计机架垫圈（外圈）机架垫圈（外圈）轴垫圈轴垫圈轴承罩和滚柱轴承罩和滚柱/滚筒滚筒间隔装置（用于双排）间隔装置（用于双排）thrust ball/roller bearings1) poor in angular misalignment 1) support heavy load2) can take shock 3) min. axial space4) high speed for ball2) poor in errors of alignment 优点优点 支持重负荷支持重负荷可接受震动可接受震动最小轴

21、向间隔最小轴向间隔球轴承高速度球轴承高速度缺点缺点角度误差大角度误差大对位误差大对位误差大types of housing used : 使用轴承座的种类 pillow block 块式轴承座 flange : square, oval, round, etc 轮缘：正方形，椭圆形，圆形等等wcan accommodate moderate initial errors of alignment 可以适度的调节最初对位时的误差wdo not permit axial displacement 不允许轴向位移wy-bearing housing y-y-轴承座轴承座winsert bearing

22、 外球面轴承外球面轴承 yar series yar 系列- grub (set) screw type with extended inner ring at both sides 平头螺丝和两边都延伸的内圈 yet series yet 系列- eccentric locking collar type with extended inner ring at one side 偏心锁环和一边延伸的内圈 yel series yel 系列- eccentric locking collar type with extended inner ring at both sides 偏心锁环和两边

23、都延伸的内圈wsingle row deep groove ball bearingw 单排深槽滚珠轴承wsealed at both sidesw 两边均密封wsphere outside curved surface 半球曲面double-lip double-lip sealseal带两片唇檐的带两片唇檐的密封圈密封圈v-ring sealv-ring sealv v型环密封圈型环密封圈felt ring sealfelt ring seal毛毡环密封圈毛毡环密封圈complete with : complete with : 包括：包括：bearing housing bearing

24、housing 轴承箱轴承箱bearing (sabb or srb) bearing (sabb or srb) 轴承（自动轴承（自动调心球轴承或球面滚子轴承）调心球轴承或球面滚子轴承）adapter or withdrawal sleeveadapter or withdrawal sleeve紧定套或退卸套紧定套或退卸套locating rings locating rings 定位环定位环housing seals housing seals 密封圈密封圈 radial radial taconite sealtaconite seal径向磁铁密封径向磁铁密封圈圈 labyrinth

25、labyrinth sealseal迷宫式密封圈迷宫式密封圈axial axial taconite sealtaconite seal轴向磁铁密封轴向磁铁密封圈圈locating bearinglocating bearing arrangements with self-aligning ball bearings and spherical roller bearings :定位轴承（推力轴承）装配着自动调心球轴承和球面滚子轴承where it is required to locate the shaft axially in both locate the shaft axially in both directionsdirections, it is necessary to insert a locating ring at each side of the self-align