高一英语必修一unit4+5

1、 中 国 教 育 培 训 领 军 品 牌环球雅思学科教师辅导讲义 组长签字： 学员编号： 年 级： 高一 课时数：学员姓名： 闫冰倩 辅导科目： 英语 学科教师： 林师师授课日期及时段201502教学目标高一必修1复习重点难点四会单词，短语以及句型教学内容一、知识梳理+经典例题知识点梳理Unit 4 Earthquakes 1. rise (rose, risen)rise(vi.) “升起，升高”，其后不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态。eg: 1. The sun rose at seven o'clock. 太阳七点种升起。 2. The balloon

2、rose up slowly into the air. 气球冉冉升上天空。 3. Her temperature is still rising. 她的体温还在升高。 rise(vi.) （河水，物价等）上涨；提高；起身eg: 1. The river is rising after the rain. 雨后河水涨了。 2. Prices have risen steadily during the past decade. 过去十年间物价一直在平稳地上涨。 3. His voice rose in excitement. 他激动得声音提高了。 4. The all rose from th

3、eir seats to greet us. 他们都站起来迎接我们。作名词表示“上升，进展，振兴”。This article is about the rise and fall of the British Empire.give rise to sth 引起，导致某事物rise和raise的区别rise是不及物动词，其主语是提高，上升的东西，不能用于被动语态。而raise是及物动词，其主语是人，可用于被动语态。The price of the food has risen rapidly.The price of the food has been raised rapidly. 食品价格

4、迅速上涨。raise(vt.) 抬起，举起eg: 1.He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。 2.The box is too heavy, I can't raise it. 这箱子太重了，我举不起来。 3.If you have any question, please raise your hand. 如果有问题，请举手。 raise(vt.) 提高；提出；增加eg: 1.He raised his voice. 他提高了嗓门。 2.The price of tomatoes has been raised recently. 最

5、近西红柿的价格提高了。 3.He raisd a question at the meeting. 他在会上提出了一个问题。 raise(vt.) 抚养；饲养eg: 1.She raised a lot of chickens. 她养了许多鸡。 2.The farmers raises cattle and sheep. 农场主饲养牛和羊。2. crack作动词，表示“破裂，裂开；打，击，撞”。The ice cracked as I stepped on it. 我一踩冰就裂了。crack down（on） 对采取严厉措施 police crack down on drug dealers.

6、crack up （精神）崩溃，（身体）垮掉。You will crack up if you go on working so hard.作名词，表示“裂隙，裂缝，爆炸声”。firecracks 爆竹There are dangerous cracks in the ice.have a crack at sth/doing sth 试做某事物Have a crack at solving this puzzle. 再试试把这道难题解决了吧3. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内，有些建筑

7、物里的水管爆裂开来。burst(v.) （使）爆炸；胀破，爆破eg: 1. Water-pipes often burst in cold weather. 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。 2. The balloon burst. 气球爆炸了。burst(v.) （仅用于进行时）塞满，几乎要胀破（+with）eg: 1. "More pudding?" "No, thanks. I'm bursting!" 我肚子已经撑胀了 2. I am bursting with pride. 我自豪极了。burst(n.) 爆炸，爆破；某事物的突然爆发eg

8、: A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song. 歌声结束之后响起了一阵掌声。拓展： 1. burst sth. open 突然或猛然打开 eg: The police burst the door open. 警察把门撞开了。 2. burst in 突然进入（房间） eg: The police burst in and arrested the boy. 警察突然闯进逮捕了那个男孩。 3. burst into sth. 突然或猛烈地发出或产生出某事物 eg: burst into tears/laughter 突然哭

9、起来/笑起来 burst into anger 勃然大怒 4. burst out (+ doing) 突然开始做某事 eg: burst out crying/laughing/singing 突然哭起来/笑起来/唱起来4. shake(v.) (shook, shaken) 摇动，震动，抖动 eg: Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. 服药之前将药瓶摇一摇。 使受震撼；使（信念等）动摇 eg: They were badly shaken by the news of her death. 她死的消息令他们大为震惊。 （指人）打颤，颤抖

10、 eg: She was shaking with cold/laughter/fear/anger. 她冻得/笑得/吓得/气得浑身发抖。 shake(n.) (C 常用单数） 摇动，震动 eg: a shake of the head 摇头拓展：shake hands with sb. = shake sb. by the hand = shake sb's hand 与某人握手 shake one's head (over/ at sth)对摇头（表示否定、怀疑、悲伤、不赞成） shake one's fist (at sb.) 向某人挥拳（表示愤怒或恐吓）5. I

11、t seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日。as if = as though 好像，仿佛，似乎As if/ as though 引导的从句可以用陈述，也可以用虚拟。当从句中的情况可能发生或可被设想为真实的，就用陈述语气，如课文中所示。再如：It looks as if our side is going to win.如果as if/ though 引导的从句中的情况不是真实的，而是假设的，就要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句用过去时或were来表示；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。例如：When a pencil is partly

12、in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. (一般事实)He talks to me as though I were a child. (现在)He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England. (过去)at an end 结束，终结 = finished，为固定短语，在句中常作表语。eg: The war was at an end. 战争结束了。辨析：at the end (of) 在.的尽头；在.的结束，可表时间或空间。eg: 1. At

13、 the end of the street, you'll find a supermarket. 在大街的尽头，你会看见一家超市。 2. At the end of the party, he sang a beautiful song. 在聚会结束时，他唱了一首优美的歌曲。in the end 最后，终于 = at last，不能和of连用。eg: He tried many times, and in the end he succeeded. 他多次努力，最后终于成功了。by the end of 到.末为止，到.结束时，通常和完成时连用。eg: 1. How many wo

14、rds had you learned by the end of last term? 到上学期末为止，你们已学习多少个单词了？ 2. We'll have finished the work by the end of this month. 到本月底我们将完成这项工作。6. lie 躺,平放,位于,在于 vi. lay-lain-lying-lies He lay in bed the whole morning. 词组 lie in the room躺在屋里 lie wounded 受伤躺着; lie in在于；由于；位于; lie still;例句 A big house l

15、ay before us. 一座大房子位于我们眼前. His success lay in his hard work. 他的成功在于他的勤奋.lie v. 撒谎 lied, lying, liesn. an untrue statement 谎言词组 tell lies 吹牛lay vt. 放,放置，铺设；下（蛋）；奠定（基础），制定（规划） laid-laid, laying, lays词组 lay a table in the room 铺桌子 lay a new plan提交新计划lay an egg生蛋 lay the foundation for为奠定基础 lay stress /

16、 emphasis/weight on something 认为.重要; lay something aside储蓄7. ruin (n.) U 毁坏，毁灭；灭亡 eg: The war brought ruin to the country. 战争给这个国家带来了毁灭。 C 废墟；遗迹 （常用复数） eg: The school is in ruins. 那所学校已成废墟。注意：ruin表示“废墟；遗迹”常用复数，常构成短语in ruins，意为“严重受损；破败不堪”。eg: the ruins of ancient Rome 古罗马遗迹 The war left the whole tow

17、n in ruins. 战争过后，全城到处是颓垣断壁。His career lies in ruins. 他已事业尽毁。The old farm has long been abandoned and come to ruin.这家农场很早就已废弃了，成了废墟。教材P26原句In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为一片废墟。 ruin (v.) 毁坏，毁灭；使破产 有一般“弄坏了”之意，也有比喻的意思。ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡 ruin one's health/f

18、ame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途eg: 1. The fire ruined the books in the library. 大火焚毁了图书馆的藏书。 2. The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。 3. He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。4. I was ruined by that law case. 我被那场官司弄得倾家荡产。5. The bad weather had for the holiday. 糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。ruined all my

19、 pleasure8. injure 伤害(1)injured adj.受伤的 the injured 伤员(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害 do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人Brown in the traffic accident, so he was in hospital. 布朗因为在交通事故中受了重伤，所以住院了。was seriously injured were sent to the hospital immediately.受伤者被立即送往医院。 区别injure, harm, hurt, woundinjure常指因意外

20、事故造成的损伤，还可以表示在感情、名誉上的伤害，可用于人或物。如：He was injured in a traffic accident.Dont injure a mans pride.harm“损害，伤害”，可损害有生命的，也可指损害无生命的东西。如：He was afraid that in his fury he would harm the child.他怕在大怒时会伤害到孩子。His business was harmed for some reason. 由于某种原因他的生意受到了影响。hurt“伤害”，既可指肉体的伤害，也可指感情、精神上的伤害。如：She hurt her

21、leg when she fell.He felt hurt at your words.wound “伤”，一般指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤等，也可指在感情、荣誉方面的创伤。如：The bullet wounded him in the arm.Unkind words wound.以练促记What really me was that he ignored me on purpose.About 50 people were seriously in the attack.Two men were severely trying to save a 5yearold girl from the b

22、urning house.Hurt/ wounded/ injured9. the number of 的数量 a number of 许多，大量表示“许多，大量的”的短语归纳： 只能修饰可数名词的短语 a large/great/good number of a great/good many + 复数名词 a good few/quite a few many a + 单数名词（作主语时，谓语动词用单数） 只能修饰不可数名词的短语 a great/good deal of a large/great amount of large/great amounts of 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰

23、不可数名词的短语 a lot of/lots of a large/great quantity of large quantites of plenty of10. 区分 destroy / ruin / damage / harmdestroy 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。破坏的程度稍低于ruin，但也是严重损毁，无法修复或不复存在。Many houses were destroyed by the fire. 那场大火烧毁了许多房子。What he said destroyed our last hope. 他说的话摧毁了我们最

24、后的希望。ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，也常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。destruction(n.) 破坏；毁灭，摧毁 eg: 1.under destrucyion 被破坏 2.They were shocked at the destruction of the village. 他们对那个村子的毁坏感到震惊

25、。11. track 小路 We set off once more, over a rough mountain track. 我们又一次出发了，走在一条崎岖不平的山间小路上。铁轨：railway tracks on track 步入正轨跑道：the athletics track. 那条运动员跑道。 Track and field 田径，田径赛一首歌曲; 一首乐曲 I only like two of the ten tracks on this CD.足迹跟踪, (不)了解的动向 keep track of/ lose track of 记录；保持和练习做得正确/不正确 on the r

26、ight/ wrong track12. useless 无用的 句型：It's useless / no use doing sth. 做某事没用。eg: 1.It's useless thinking only without carrying it out. 只想不做是无用的。 2.It's no use trying to persuade him to stop smoking.试图说服他戒烟是没用的。 useful-useless-use 派生 形容词后缀Care-careful-carelessHelp-helpful-helplessHope-hopef

27、ul-hopelesswonder-wonderfulsuccess-successfulskill-skilled-skillfulworth-worthless13. shock (v.) 使震惊，震动，常用于被动语态，后面常接介词at / by，构成短语： be shocked at / by “对.感到吃惊”；或接to do 表示原因。 eg: 1. I was shocked at the news of her death. = I was shocked to hear the news of her death. 我听到她去世的消息十分震惊。 2.She was shocked

28、 to hear her child swearing.她听见她的孩子在骂人感到很震惊。 使电击；使休克 eg: She got shocked when she touched the live wire. 她在触到通电的电线时遭到电击。 shock(n.) C （精神上的）打击，震惊；震动；电击拓展：shocking(adj.) 使人震惊 shocking news 令人震惊的消息14. rescue(v.) （从危险、囚禁等中）搭救或救出某人/某物；解救，救助 常和from连用：rescue sb. / sth. from sb. / sth. eg: 1.The firefighter

29、 rescued a boy from the burning house.消防队员从失火的房子里救出了一个小男孩。 2.He jumped into the river and rescued the child from drowning. 他跳进河里救出小孩，使小孩免于被淹死。 rescue(n.) C，U 救援，解救；拯救，救出 eg: 1.a rescue party/team 救援队 2.rescue workers 救援人员 e/go to the/one's rescue 救援或帮助某人 eg: A wealthy businessman came to our res

30、cue.一位有钱的商人援助了我们。15. wonder(vt. / vi) “感到惊奇，感到好奇”；“不知道，想知道” wonder to do 疑问词 + to do + 宾语从句 at / about 介词短语 eg: 1. I wondered to hear her voice in the next room. 我听到隔壁传出她的声音，十分惊讶。 2. I was wondering where to spend the weekend. 我不知道到哪儿去度周末。 3. She is always wondering about others' srcrets. 她总是对别人

31、的秘密感到好奇。 4. I wonder who he is, where he comes from and why he comes. 我想知道他是谁，从哪里来，来干什么。 wonder可构成句型：I wonder if .是一种用来委婉客气地提出请求或征求对方许可的表达方式。 eg: I wonder if you could show us how to get to the station. 不知您能否告诉我们到车站怎么走。 wonder(n.) U 惊奇，惊叹，惊异 eg: They were filled with wonder at the sight. 他们见此情景惊叹不已。

32、 C 令人感到惊叹的事物；奇观，奇迹 eg: the seven wonders of the world 世界七大奇迹拓展： It is a wonder that . 令人惊奇的是.；莫名其妙的是. eg: It is a wonder that he remained alive after dropping from the roof of a ten-storey building. 他从一幢十层楼的大厦的屋顶上摔下来，但仍然活着，真是奇迹。 No wonder that . 难怪.；.不足为奇 eg: She has been studying hard. No wonder th

33、at she always takes the first place. 她学习一直很刻苦，她总是得第一不足为奇。16. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。该句是表示部分否定的句型。all .not . not all .，意为“并非所有的都”。All the students did not go to the movie. Not all the students went to the movie.并非所有的学生都去看电影了。(1) 英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely

34、, always, whole, entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。Every boy is not interested in sports. is interested in sports.并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。Not every boy Both of the two math problems are not very difficult. the two math problems are very difficult. 这两道数学题并非都很难。Not both of(2) 英语中的n

35、o, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。I knew that nothing would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.(摘自2011湖南高考·单项填空)我知道没有什么能够阻碍他，他将永远不会放弃成为一名导演的想法。17. organize(v.) 组织 eg: They organiz

36、ed the truckers into a union. 他们把卡车司机组成工会。 安排或筹备某事eg: We'll organize an English speech contest.我们将筹划一次英语演说比赛。 organize sb to do sth 组织某人做某事eg: The school will organize the students to go climbing next week. 下周学校将组织学生去爬山。拓展： organized (adj.) 有组织的；有秩序的 eg: an organized picnic 一次有组织的野餐 organization

37、 (n.) 组织 eg: World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织 organizer(n.) 组织者18. dig out 挖出，掘出；发现，找出 eg: 1.They had dug out an ancient tomb. 他们已发掘出一座古墓。 2.We are expecting to dig out some important facts.我们希望能找出一些重要的事实。拓展： dig for 采掘探寻eg: Many people went to California to dig for gold at that time.当时很多人去加利福尼亚采掘黄金。

38、 dig up 挖掘（泥土）；挖到，发掘 eg: They're digging up land for a new garden. 他们在为建一座新花园而垦地。 dig over 翻地 eg: dig the garden over 给花园翻地19. bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏(1)be buried in bury oneself in埋头于；专心于 be buried in thought 沉思(2)bury oneself in study 埋头研究；专心学习 bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面教材P26

39、原句The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。Ever since he moved there, he has been buried in his research work.自从搬到那里以后，他一直在专注于研究工作。 his study, he didn't know that all the others had left.他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。Buried inSince his wife

40、 left, he's his work.自从妻子离开以来，他一直都埋头于工作。 buried himself in20. the dead 死者，表示一类人。形容词前加the常用来表示一类人或一类东西。 eg: the rich 富人 the young 年轻人 the old 老年人 the deaf 聋人 the blind 盲人 the injured 受伤的人 the new 新的东西 the ordinary 普普通通的东西 the unusual 不同寻常的东西注意："the + 形容词" 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由上下文的意思而定。如表示一类人

41、，作复数看待；如表示抽象概念或具体的某个人时，谓语动词用单数。eg: 1.The young respect the old; the old love the young. 尊老爱幼。 2.All the injured have been sent to hospita. 所有受伤的人都已送往医院。 3.The new in our class comes from London. 我们班新来的那个同学来自伦敦。 4.The unknown is always something to be feared. 未知的东西总是令人畏惧的东西。21. shelter(n.) U 遮蔽；庇护，常与

42、from搭配使用。 eg: 1.They took shelter from the rain under a big tree.他们在一棵大树下避雨。 2.The high fence gives us some shelter from the wind.这道高栅栏给我们挡住了风。 C 遮蔽物；避难所，收容所 eg: 1.a bus shelter 候车亭 2.Many of the children in the shelter are orphans.收容所里有好多孩子是孤儿。 shelter(vt.) shelter sb/sth from sb/sth 给某人/某物提供庇护处；保护

43、 eg: The wall sheltered us from the wind. 墙壁遮挡着，使我们免遭风吹。 shelter(vi.) 躲避；避难 eg: 1.Where can we shelter from the rain? 我们到哪儿避雨呢？ 2.They sheltered from the sun under a tree.他们在树底下乘凉。22. think little of 不放在心上；看扁，轻视 = think nothing of eg: 1. Most people thought little of the 8-year-old boy. In fact, the

44、y were wrong. 大多数人小看了这个8岁的男孩。事实上，他们错了。 2. Sometimes, we must notice details. If you think little of one, you will be punished. 有时候，我们必须注意到细节，如果你忽视一个细节，你就会受到惩罚。拓展：think much/highly/well of 重视；看重；对高度评价be well/highly thought of 被高度评价 think poorly / badly of 认为.很差；对.评价很低另外：think of . as . 把. 认为是. eg: I

45、thought of him as my best friend. However, he treated me as an enemy. 我把他看作我最好的朋友，然而，他却把我当敌人。I gave him some advice, but he thought little of it.我给他提了几条建议，但他根本不理会。Mr.Zhang thinks much of his work, but .张先生重视工作，轻视金钱。 thinks little of moneyAs a young leader, he .作为一位年轻的领导，他受到高度评价。is well thought ofSec

46、tion III Using Language1. congratulation(n.)“祝贺”，一般要用复数形式，常与on连用。 eg: 1.Let's offer our congratulations on her success. 对她的成功表示祝贺。 2.Congratulations on winning the race. 祝贺你比赛获胜。注意：表示向某人祝贺，接介词to。 eg: 1.Congratulations to you. 祝贺你。 2.Let's send our congratulations to him on winning the Nobel

47、Prize. 让我们祝贺他获得诺贝尔奖。 congratulate(v.) “祝贺，恭喜；道贺，向.致词”，其后只接表示人的名词作宾语，表示祝贺的原因时用介词on / upon。eg: 1.I congratulated my girlfriend on her birthday. 我向女友祝贺生日。 2.We congratulated him on having passed the examination. 我们祝贺他通过了考试。 congratulate(v.) 也常与反身代词连用，再接on / upon或that从句，意为“庆幸（自己）.”。 eg: 1.He congratulat

48、ed himself that he escaped from the earthquake. 他为自己能从地震中逃脱而感到庆幸。 2.She congratulated herself on having thought of such a good idea. 她为自己能想出这样的好主意而感到高兴。2. judge v断定；判断；判决 n裁判员；法官；评判员(1)judge .from/by .从来判断 judge between right and wrong 判断是非 as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from 从上看；根据判断Do

49、n't judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。 , it is more likely that you will get the job.据我判断，你更有可能获得那个工作。 As far as I can judge关键一点judging from/by表示“从来看；根据来判断”，用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。 her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.从她上封信来看，他们过得非常愉快。 Judging by/from.语境填空1_ f

50、rom what he said, he must be an honest man. On the contrary, he often steals things, so the _ pointed out that we shouldn't _ a man by his looks. (judge)答案：Judging; judge; judge2He couldn't _ himself clearly in English, but I could tell from his _ that he was angry. (express)答案：express; expression3On seeing the _ scene, the little girl was so _ that she burst out crying.(frighten)答案：frightening; frightened.用动词burst的相关短语完成下列句子1看到儿子那可笑的样子，妈妈突然大笑起来。Seeing her son's funny look, the mother_.答案：burst out laughing/burst into lau