(完整word版)英国文学选读课后答案

1、英国文学选读Poems:Hamlet (Act 3, Scene 1, lines 55-86)存或毁灭 , 这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击,还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌,并将其克服。死即睡眠 ,它不过如此 !倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患,那么 , 此结局是可盼的 ! 死去 , 睡去 .但在睡眠中可能有梦 , 啊 , 这就是个阻碍 :当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊,在死之长眠中会有何梦来临?它令我们踌躇 ,使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾 ,否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨,如暴君之政、骄者之傲失恋之痛、法章之慢贪官之侮、或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之?还有谁会肯去做牛做马

2、 ,终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难 , 而不远走高飞 , 飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身後之事而使他犹豫不前?此境乃无人知晓之邦 ,自古无返者进入我们无法知晓的地域所以 ,理智能使我们成为懦夫而顾虑能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光, 像个病夫再之 , 这些更能坏大事 , 乱大谋 , 使它们失去魄力。Hamlet P81. Why is sleep so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “ end”theheartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Nobody can predict wha

3、t he will dream of after he falls asleep. Death means theend of life, you may go to or unknown world and you can . If hetcomebackdies, Hamlet scan't realize his will. Though “ sleep can” end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind. Hamlet didn knowt at all. He is fri

4、ghtened by the possible suffering in the long “ dream”He. canpredict what will happen in the sleep, may be good may be evil.2. Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what

5、death will bring to us. Maybebitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories Because people hold the same idea "to grunt and sweat under a weary life, but that the dread ofsomething after death-the undiscovered country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the will, and make us rat

6、her bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of? People” also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Conscience and over-con

7、siderations. He wants to revenge, but doesn t know how.He wants to kill his uncle, but finds it too risky. He lives in despair and wants tocommit suicide. However, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his fatherghost. He is in face of great dilemma. They don t know the result after their takingt

8、he action. Such as Hamlet, he doesnknowt what would happen if he kills his suncle or kills himself. So Hamlet was hesitated.Sonnet 18 P15我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈，它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽：被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。但是你的长夏永远不会雕落，也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳，或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊，当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。只要一天有人类

9、，或人有眼睛，这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。1. How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line?The poet opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question is comparing “ thee ” to the summer time of the year. It is during this

10、 time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally considered as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days.2. What makes the poet think t

11、hat“ thou” can be more beautiful than summerand immortal?At the very beginning, the poet puts forth a question:“ Shall I compare thee to asummer sday?” Then he gives an answer: “ Thou art lovelierand moretemperate. On” the one hand, “ Roughwinds do shake the darling buds of May,and summer s lease ha

12、th all too short a date;” on the other hand,“ Sometime tohot the heaven shines, and often is his gold complexion dimmed. ”So from theabove two aspects the poet thinks that“ thou ” can be more beautiful than summer.In addition,“ And every fair from fair sometime declines, by chance, or naturechanging

13、 course untrimmed.” Compared with immortal, hy eternal“Butsummertshall not fade, nor lose possession of that fair thou ow st, nor shall death brag thouwand restin his shade, when in eternal lines to times thou grow st. ” Therefore,the poet draws a conclusion:“ So long as men can breathe orsee,yesso

14、canloglives this, and this gives life to thee.” In this poem, the poet makes“ thou ”beautiful than summer and immortal because of his beautiful lines. So in this case,“ thou ” in the poem can be regarded as female because love can beauty eternal.Or“ thou ” can be referred to male, for friendship can

15、 make beauty everlasting. Even“ thou ” canbeabstract “ love ” or “ beauty ” which will become eternal in the wonderful poem. 莎士比亚诗歌的两个主题：时光不饶人，青春和美丽是短暂的；只有诗歌才有力量使美丽与爱情永存。(theme: 只有文学可与时间抗衡)Change, Fate, and EternityHowever much it might look he s praising a beloved, this poet is definitely more conc

16、erned with tooting his own horn. Really, you could sum up the poem like this:"Dear Beloved: You re better than a summer s day. But only because I can make you eternal by writing about you. Love, Shakespeare." That message is whyimages and symbols of time, decay, and eternity are all over t

17、his poem. Whether ornot we think the beloved is actually made immortal (or just more immortal thanthe summer s day) is up in the air, but it s certainly what the speaker wants you tothink.Line 4: This is where the speaker starts pointing to how short summer feels. Using personification and metaphor,

18、 the speaker suggests that summer has taken out a lease on the weather, which must be returned at the end of the summer. Summer is treated like a home-renter, while the weather is treated like a real-estate property.Lines 7- 8: These lines give us the problem (everything s going to fade away) that t

19、he poet is going to work against.Lines 9-12: These lines are full of all sorts of figurative language, all pointing to how the speaker is going to save the beloved from the fate of fading away. The beloved s life is described in a metaphor as a "summer," and then his or her beauty is descr

20、ibed in another metaphor as a commodity than can be owned or owed.Death is then personified, as the overseer of the shade (a metaphor itself for an afterlife). Finally the "lines to time" are a metaphor for poetry, which will ultimately save the beloved, and "eternal" is a parall

21、el with "eternal summer" inline 9.Lines 13-14: What s so interesting about these lines is that it s hard to tell whethethe speaker is using figurative language or not. Does he actually mean that thepoem is alive, and that it will keep the beloved alive? Well, it depends what we mean by &qu

22、ot;alive." If we read alive scientifically, as in breathing and thinking, well then alive is definitely a metaphor. But if we read it as describing a continued existence of some kind, well then maybe he does mean it literally, since surely the poem and the beloved exist for us in some sense.Son

23、net 18 deals with the conventional theme that natural beauty will surely be knocked out with the passing of time and that only art (poetry) can bring eternity to the one the poet loves and eulogizes.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud P61我好似一朵孤独的流云，高高地飘游在山谷之上，突然我看见一大片鲜花，是金色的水仙遍地开放，它们开在湖畔，开在树下，它们随风嬉舞，随风波荡。它

24、们密集如银河的星星，像群星在闪烁一片晶莹，它们沿着海湾向前伸展，通往远方仿佛无穷无尽；一眼看去就有千朵万朵，万花摇首舞得多么高兴。粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳，却不如这水仙舞得轻俏；诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴，又怎能不感到欣喜雀跃；我久久凝视却未领悟这景象所给我的精神至宝。后来多少次我郁郁独卧，感到百无聊赖心灵空漠；这景象便在脑海中闪现，多少次安慰过我的寂寞；我的心又随水仙跳起舞来，我的心又重新充满了欢乐。1. What is the relation between the poet and nature as described in the poem?<Reference>Theme of

25、 Man and the NaturalWorld: Wordsworth is thegranddaddy of all nature poets, and he ins top form in "I wandered lonely as aCloud." In her journal entry about the day inquestion, Wordsworth's sisterDorothy wrote about their surprise at finding so many daffodils in such a strangeplace, ne

26、xt to a lake and under some trees. "How d those get there?" she wondered,even guessing that maybe the seeds floated across the lake. The event is one of the minor miracles that nature produces all the time, as anyone who has seen the documentary Planet Earth or the Disney movie Earth knows

27、. Wordsworth s nature is full of life and vitality. He appreciates its wildness and unpredictability,but he humanizes the landscape and fits it to his own mind.Theme of Happiness" I wandered lonely as a Cloud" is a poem that just makes you feel good about life. It says that even when you a

28、re by yourself and lonely and missing your friends, you can use your imagination to fine new friends in the world around you. As John Milton famously wrote, "The mind is its own place, and in itself, can make heaven of Hell, and a hell of Heaven." The speaker of this poem makes a heaven ou

29、t of a windy day and a bunch of daffodils. His happinessdoes not last forever he s not that unrealistic but the daffodils give him a little boost of joy whenever he needs it, like recharging his batteries.Theme of Spirituality The 19th century Scottish writer Thomas Carlyle coined the phrase "n

30、atural supernaturalism," which has been used by later critics to describe how the Romantic poets, and especially Wordsworth, viewed the natural world as a spiritual realm. The idea is that Heaven comes down to earth and is viewed as part of the world. This poem illustrates the principle of natu

31、ral supernaturalism. The daffodils are like angels and twinkling stars, and the "bliss"of heaven occurs in speaker s imagination. He uses Christian ideas esandtoimagmake an ode to nature without any reference to God.Theme of Memory and the Past "I wandered lonely as a Cloud" is a

32、lmost like a simpler version of " Tintern Abbey ," one of Wordsworth others most famous works. In both poems, the memory of beautiful things serves as a comfort to the speaker even after the experience of viewing them has ended. He can always draw on his imagination to reproduce the joy of

33、 the event and to remember the spiritual wisdom that it provided. In the case of "I wandered lonely as a Cloud," we do not realize just how far in the future the speaker perspective is located until the fourth stanza, when he describes just how often the daffodils have comforted him.2. Do

34、you think nature can have healing effect on mind?I think nature can have healing effect on mind, but the precondition is that thenature should be peaceful and earthly. Let imagines a scene. At the verybeginning, we felt a little sad. Then, we place ourselves at a peaceful and clean lake. We sit on t

35、he comfortable and green grass. There are several wild flowers on the grass. Some little birds are walking near us with chirp. We can breathe the smell of the earth. When we are watching it glistening in the sunshine, there may be a smile on our face again. Nobody will be not touched in this conditi

36、on unless there is something wrong with his mind. It is just like a picture. Or it is just like a clean bracing and ethereal melody. We can close our eyes to listen to it withoutany distracting thoughts. It always can comfort our hearts, and we will not feel that desperate. Every time I feel not hap

37、py I will listen to a piece of piano music. That makes me good, all my fidgeting will go away from me. Sometimes I will reflect where the problem is. Peaceful music is just like the nature. Both they can give me a kind of feeling like mother. Do not be scared at all. Sometimes I suppose if the crimi

38、nal can live in the nature and experience it, they will not do that evil. In another hand, those artists maybe can not create the works. As the author said, a host of golden daffodils beside the lake, beneath the trees, fluttering and dancing in the breeze. The memory made him excited and brought hi

39、s lonely heart happiness. If a writer does not watch any beautiful scenery, I believe he or she can tbe a good writer. Peaceful nature is a place people can release themselves and remove the unhappiness. In this circumstance, the writer digs their inspiration.Yes, I think so. Some people may think t

40、hat our nature has been highly polluted byour human beings. And it won t have any effects on us. The others may think the nature has bad influence on our bodies because of the contamination. But I think nature must have a lot of healing effect on mind. As the development of the society, people may m

41、eet more and more difficulties, and it may lead to more stress. For example, when a person has worked for a long time, it is hard for himto do more. He would like to spend sometime travelling to somewhere. The place is best to be beautiful, clean, comfortable, with clear sky and green grass. People

42、can breathe the fresh air there. When he lies on the grass and watches the sky, he may forget all the stress on work. The only thing he can do is to enjoy the charming scenery and great nature.Nature also can affect people when they are ill especially serious disease. The patient may feel their life

43、 meaningless. At that time, their families will take them to a remote place. They may also let the patient have a pet. During the feeding period, the patient may feel that a life is so difficult to bring up. He will heal thespirit to live. Different people have different ideas. I can t say that natu

44、re doesn have mischief, but in my opinion, its good effects are more.Ode to the West Wind P83西风颂第一节哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫，有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避：黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨，呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你以车驾把有翼的种子催送到黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里，像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱，直等到春天，你碧空 的姊妹吹起她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍，唤出嫩芽，像羊群一样，觅食空中）将色和香充满了山峰和平原 。不羁的精灵呵，你无处不远行；破坏者兼保

45、护者：听吧，你且聆听 ！第二节没入你的急流，当高空一片混乱，流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。成为雨和电的使者：它们飘落在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面，有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁，从天穹 的最遥远而模糊的边沿直抵九霄的中天，到处都在摇曳欲来雷雨的卷发，对濒死的一年你唱出了葬歌，而这密集的黑夜将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶，里面正有你的万钧 之力的凝结；那是你的浑然之气，从它会迸涌黑色的雨，冰雹和火焰：哦，你听！第三节是你，你将蓝色的地中海 唤醒，而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天，被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦，就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边，它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁在水天辉映的波影里抖颤，而且都生满

46、青苔、开满花朵，那芬芳真迷人欲醉！呵，为了给你让一条路， 大西洋 的汹涌的 浪波把自己向两边劈开，而深在渊底那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林虽然枝叶扶疏，却没有精力；听到你的声音，它们已吓得发青：一边颤栗，一边自动萎缩：哦，你听！第四节哎，假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起，假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾，是一个波浪，和你的威力同喘息，假如我分有你的脉搏，仅仅不如你那么自由，哦，无法约束的生命！假如我能像在少年时，凌风 而舞便成了你的伴侣，悠游天空（因为呵，那时候，要想追你上云霄，似乎并非梦幻），我就不致像如今这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。哦，举起我吧，当我是水波、树叶、浮云！我跌在生活底荆棘上，我流血了！这被岁月的重

47、轭所制服的生命原是和你一样：骄傲、轻捷而不驯。第五节把我当作你的竖琴吧，有如树林：尽管我的叶落了，那有什么关系！你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意：虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵，但愿你给予我狂暴的精神！奋勇者呵，让我们合一！请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落，让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命！哦，请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌，就把我的话语，像是灰烬和火星从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散！让预言的喇叭通过我的嘴唇把昏睡的大地唤醒吧！西风啊，如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗 ?Shelly 雪莱Ode To The West WindShelley was an idealist and most of his natur

48、e poems are about the need for revolution and a desire to break the status quo. Ode to the West Wind is no different. Here Shelley sees the west wind as a symbol of revolution, of a new world order that would replace the old one. He identifies with the wind in that he knows that just as the west win

49、d spells the arrival of the new year, similarly his poetic ideas will usher in a new world order and change the present world for the better. The poem has a note of despair when he says:'I fall upon the thorns of life, I bleed'but soon enough he gains his composure and towards the end he'

50、;s filled with hope and optimism which is expressed beautifully in the last two lines:'When winter comes, can spring be far behind?'Ode to the West Wind Theme of Man and the Natural WorldIn "Ode to the West Wind," Nature is grander and more powerful than man can hope to be. The nat

51、ural world is especially powerful because it contains elements like the West Wind and the Spring Wind, which can travel invisibly across the globe, affecting every cloud, leaf, and wave as they go. Man may be able to increase his status by allowing Nature to channel itself through him.1. In what way

52、 is the West Wind both a destroyer and a preserver?West wind is the destroyer as it is turbulent and strong and destroys the wide spread vegetation. It is a destroyer of the old, decaying and valueless things (such as dead leaves), blowing over the land, drives away the dead leaves. Shelly shows the

53、 irony of the wind that acts in a contradictory manner.(use and Describe the words that show the potential strength and use effective language)It is the preserver as it brings life to the dead atmosphere, it spreads the seeds and they lie two inches beneath the ground and eventually sprout into seed

54、lings.2. What is the relation between the West Wind and the poet?In "Ode to the West Wind," Nature isgrander and more powerful than man canhope to be. The natural world is especially powerful because it contains elements like the West Wind and the Spring Wind, which can travel invisibly ac

55、ross the globe, affecting every cloud, leaf, and wave as they go. Man may be able to increase his status by allowing Nature to channel itself through him. The speaker of the poem appeals to the West Wind to infuse（ 灌输，影响） him with a new spirit and a new power to spread his ideas.3. As “ the trumpet

56、of prophecy ” , what does the west wind predict in physical reality? How do you understand it symbolically?As the speaker of "Ode to the West Wind" feels himself waning and decaying, he begs the wind to use him as an instrument, inhabit him, distribute his ideas, or prophesy through his mo

57、uth. He hopes to transform himself by uniting his own spirit with the larger "Spirit" of the West Wind and of Nature itself.The speaker wishes that the wind could affect him the way it does leaves and clouds and waves. Because it can t,he asks the wind to play him like aninstrument, bringing out his sadness in its own musical lament. Maybe the wind can