2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密20完形填空之说明文含解析

1、解密20完形填空之说明文序号题型真题part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测part 1解密高考【考点综述】高考完形填空题中，说明文是较难理解的一种文体，往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，结构严谨，句子结构复杂，开头点题，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，一般按一定的顺序展开，采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂，遣词用字简练，并且条理清晰。【备考建议】1. 快速弄清文章大意结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，了解文章大意。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较

2、广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。2. 弄清楚说明的顺序把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。4. 注重上下文语境应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服思维定势，根据全文大

3、意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。（2）语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。part 2对点解密【真题对点析】1（2012·上海高考真题）people on a college campus were more likely to give money to the

4、 march of dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. in another 9 , subway riders in new york saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚） and fall to the floor. sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 10 ; sometimes he d

5、id not. in this situation, the victim was more likely to 11 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. in 12 these and other research findings, two themes are 13 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think 14 assistance.in some situati

6、ons, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 15 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. the application was ready to be 16 , but had apparently been "lost". the photo attached to the app

7、lication was sometimes that of a very 17 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. the measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. results showed that people were more likely to 18 the application if the person in the photo was physica

8、lly attractive.the degree of 19 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. for example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. in one study, shoppers on a busy street in scotland were more likely to help a person we

9、aring a(n) 20 t-shirt than a person wearing a t-shirt printed with offensive words.whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. for example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone. 21 to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because

10、 milk is thought more essential for 22 than cookies. passengers on a new york subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 23 rather than drunk.9astudybwaycworddcollege10ahandbarmcfacedback11arefusebbegclosedreceive12achallengingbrecordingcunderstandingdpublishin

11、g13aimportantbpossiblecamusingdmissing14aseekbdeservecobtaindaccept15aat firstbabove allcin additiondfor example16aprintedbmailedcrewrittendsigned17atalentedbgood-lookingchelpfuldhard-working18asend inbthrow awaycfill outdturn down19asimilaritybfriendshipccooperationdcontact20aexpensivebplainccheapd

12、strange21atimebinstructionscmoneydchances22ashoppersbresearchcchildrendhealth23atalkativebhandsomeccalmdsick9a10c11d12c13a14b15d16b17b18a19a20b21c22d23d【解析】【文章大意】研究表明，出于某种原因，我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我们认为值得帮助的人。9根据下文these and other research findings和in a field study提示，在另一份研究中，所以选a。【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。10根据下文if his

13、 face was spotless提示。受害者脸上有一个巨大的红色胎记。【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。11根据下文are more likely to receive aid提示选receive。如果受害者的脸无污点的比有不引人注意的胎记更有可能获得援助。【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。12此处challenge挑战； record记录；understand理解，了解；publish出版。在了解这些和其他研究结果过程中， 发现两个重要的主题。【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。13此处important重要的； possible可能的； amusing 娱乐的； missing失去

14、的。在了解这些和其他研究结果过程中， 发现两个重要的主题。【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。14deserve意为“值得”。因为某种原因我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我们认为值得帮助的人。【考点定位】考查动词词义及语境理解。15下文举列说明观点：in some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid，所以选d。【考点定位】考查介词短语词义及语境理解。16根据下文actually mailed it or not提示选mailed。意思是申请被邮寄。【考点定位】考查动词词义及语

15、境理解。17此处talented有才能的； good-looking好看的；helpful 有帮助的；hard-working勤奋的。附在申请上的照片一张是相貌好看的、一张不太有吸引力的人。【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。18结果表明，如果照片上人外表上有吸引力，人们更可能递送这个申请。send in意为“递送”。【考点定位】考查动词短语含义及语境理解。19在潜在的助手和有需要的人之间的相似程度也很重要。【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。20此处expensive昂贵的； plain 普通的； cheap便宜的； strange奇怪的。穿着t恤上印上挑衅的话和穿着朴素的t恤的人相对比，

16、人们更愿意帮助穿着朴素t恤的人。plain意为“简朴的;朴素的”。【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。21此处time 时间； instructions 说明；money 钱； chances机会。根据常识应该给钱买牛奶。【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。22对健康来说，牛奶被认为比饼干更不可缺少。【考点定位】考查名词词义及语境理解。23此处talkative 健谈的；handsome英俊的； calm平静的； sick有病的。生病的似乎比喝醉的更容易得到到帮助。【考点定位】考查形容词词义及语境理解。【对点模拟练】1us scientists say they have bred a ge

17、netically modified (gm) mosquito that can resist malaria(疟疾) infection. if the lab technique 1in the field, it could offer a new way of stopping the biting insects from 2malaria to humans, they say. the scientists put a new "resistance" 3into the mosquitos own dna, using a g

18、ene editing method called crispr.and when the gm mosquitoes mated their later generation inherited the 4resistance, pnas journal reports. in 5, if these mosquitoes bite people, they should not be able to 6on the parasite(寄生虫) that causes malaria.about 3.2bn people almost half of the w

19、orlds population are at 7of malaria. bed nets can help 8the insects biting and drugs can be given to anyone who 9the infection, but the disease 10kills around 580 000 people a year.scientists have been searching for new ways to 11malaria. the university of california team be

20、lieve their gm mosquitoes could play a key role  12resistant offspring to replace malaria-carrying mosquitoes. they took a type of mosquito found in india on which to 13.dr. anthony james and his team showed that they could give the 14new dna code to make it a 15host for the mala

21、ria parasite. the dna was inherited by almost 100% of the mosquito offspring and across three 16.mosquito larvae(幼虫) can be genetically modified to carry 17new genes, such as resistance to the plasmodium parasites that cause malaria. the researchers say the findings offer 18that the s

22、ame method could also work in other mosquito 19.20it would not be a sole solution to the malaria problem, it would be a useful additional weapon, they say. 1. a. countsb. mattersc. appliesd. works2. a. spreadingb. sendingc. makingd. turning3. a. medicineb. methodc. gened. equipment4. a. greatb.

23、 samec. powerfuld. healthy5. a. practiceb. particularc. generald. theory6. a. carryb. takec. passd. depend7. a. topb. riskc. mercyd. rate8. a. stopb. improvec. denyd. get9. a. matchesb. catchesc. resistsd. misses10. a. fairlyb. quitec. stilld. just11. a. getb. findc. shelterd. fight12. a. breedingb.

24、 feedingc. educatingd. assisting13. a. baseb. countc. experimentd. blame14. a. personb. fellowc. plantd. insect15. a. strongb. poorc. friendlyd. good16. a. methodsb. countriesc. varietiesd. generations17. a. usefulb. doubtfulc. thoughtfuld. wonderful18. a. beliefb. opinionc. hoped. fact19. a. specie

25、sb. membersc. drugsd. surroundings20. a. becauseb. oncec. befored. although【语篇解读】本文为说明文。美国科学家声称他们已经培育出一种能抵抗感染的转基因蚊子,如果这项实验室技术起作用的话,它可以提供新的方法阻止蚊子把疟疾传染给人类。1. d考查动词辨析。此处表示如果这项实验室技术在实地起作用的话,它可以提供新的方法阻止蚊子把疟疾传染给人类。count"重要",matter"要紧",apply"应用",work"产生作用"。故选d。2. a考查

26、动词辨析。参考上题解析可知,此处表示把疟疾传染给人类。故选a。spread"传播,(使)蔓延"send"发送"make"制造"turn"翻转"。3. c考查语境选词。由首句信息"us scientists say they have bred a genetically modified (gm) mosquito that can resist malaria(疟疾) infection"可知,他们的做法是使用一种叫作crispr的基因编辑法,把一种新的具有抵抗作用的基因植入蚊子自己的dna。

27、故选c。gene"基因"。4. b考查形容词辨析。由语境中的关键词inherited可知应用same。此处表示转基因蚊子交配后,他们的后代继承相同的基因。great"伟大的"same"相同的,同一的"powerful"强大的"healthy"健康的"。5. d考查语境选词。由上文中的"if the lab technique 1(works) in the field, it could offer a new way of stopping the biting insects fr

28、om 2(spreading) malaria to humans"可知,这只是理论上的设想,故选d,in theory"在理论上"。in practice"实际上" in particular"特别,尤其"in general "总的说来"。6. c考查动词短语辨析。由第一段第二句中的"it could offer a new way of stopping the biting insects from 2 (spreading)malaria to humans"可知,科学家的主

29、要目的是阻止蚊子传播导致疟疾的寄生虫。故选c,pass on"传给"。7. b考查语境选词。由下文中的"kills around 580 000 people a year"可知,此处表示大约32亿人,约世界人口的一半有患疟疾的危险。故选b,at risk of"有的危险"。8. a考查生活常识。根据常识可知蚊帐的用途是帮助阻止蚊子咬人。故选a。improve"改善",deny"拒绝",get"得到,获得",均不符合题意。9. b考查生活常识。根据语境可知,感染上疟疾的人需要

30、用药。此处catch 表示"得病,染疾"。match"配对",resist"抵制",miss"错过",均不符合题意。10. c考查副词辨析。由转折连词but可知用still"仍然"。虽然蚊帐有助于阻止昆虫叮咬,而且我们可以给那些感染疾病的人用药,但是疟疾每年仍然使得大约580 000人丧生。fairly"相当地"quite"十分"just"仅仅,只是"。11. d考查动词辨析。科学家们一直在寻找与疟疾做斗争的方法。get"得到

31、,获得"find"发现,找到"shelter"保护"fight"与做斗争"。故选d。12. a考查动词辨析。由空格前的"gm mosquitoes could play a key role"以及空格后的宾语"resistant offspring"可知,此处表示培育具有抵抗作用的蚊子后代。句意:加利福尼亚大学的工作组相信他们的转基因蚊子可以发挥关键作用培育具有抵抗作用的蚊子后代来取代携带疟疾(病毒)的蚊子。13. c考查语境选词。由上下文可知这种做法是在实验阶段,因此用experim

32、ent。句意:他们选择了一种在印度发现的蚊子进行实验。base"以为据点"count"数数"experiment"做试验,进行实验"blame"责怪"。14. d考查生活常识。蚊子是一种昆虫,所以用insect。fellow"家伙,同类"plant"植物"insect"昆虫"。15. b考查形容词辨析。此处表示anthony博士和他的队友表明他们可以给这种蚊子新的dna码以使其成为疟疾寄生虫弱性携带者,故答案为poor。16. d考查语境选词。这种基因几乎

33、100%由蚊子后代继承而且在三代内遗传。method"方法"country"国家"variety"不同种类,多种式样"generation"代,一代"。故选d。17. a考查形容词辨析。科学家们培育转基因蚊子的目的是造福人类,因此这种新的基因是有用的(useful)基因。doubtful"怀疑的"thoughtful "体贴的"wonderful"绝妙的,精彩的"。18. c考查名词辨析。研究者称这些调研结果为将同样的方法用于其他种类的蚊子提供了希望,故选

34、c。belief"信念",opinion"观点",fact"事实"。19. a考查名词辨析。此处指和印度蚊子相对应的其他种类(species)的蚊子。species"种,物种",member"成员",drug"药",surroundings"环境"。20. d考查从属连词的用法。此处表示尽管不是解决疟疾问题的唯一方法,但将会是一种有用的附加武器,上下文之间有逻辑上的让步关系,故选d。【真题对点析】2(2016·上海)in the 1960s, d

35、ouglas mcgregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous theory x and theory y. theory x is the idea that people instinctively 1 work and will do anything to avoid it. theory y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.in any case, de

36、spite so much evidence to the 2 , many managers still agree to theory x. they believe, 3 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 4 without consultation. this, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.different

37、cultures have different ways of 5 people. unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making all members of the department or work group are asked to 6 to this process. this is management by the collective opinion. many

38、 western companies have tried to imitate such asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 7 . some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 8 managers cannot.a recent trend has been to e

39、ncourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 9 managers first. this empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 10 the number of management layers in companies. after de-layering in this way, a company may be 11 with just a top level of s

40、enior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 12 been the case. empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 13 that the overall business plan is being followed, and tha

41、t operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.another trend is off-site or 14 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the internet work on projects from their own houses. project managers evaluate the 15 of the team members in terms of what they prod

42、uce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.1. a. desireb. seekc. losed. dislike 2. a. contraryb. expectationc. degreed. extreme 3. a. vice versab. for examplec. howeverd. otherwise4. a. outsideb. insidec. belowd. above 5. a. replacingb. assessingc. managingd. encouraging 6.

43、a. referb. contributec. objectd. apply7. a. agreementb. practicec. electiond. impression8. a. bossyb. experiencedc. westernd. male 9. a. askingb. trainingc. warningd. firing 10. a. doublingb. maintainingc. reducingd. estimating 11. a. honored b. leftc. crowdedd. compared12. a. economicallyb. traditi

44、onallyc. inadequatelyd. occasionally 13. a. denyb. admitc. assumed. ensure14. a. virtualb. ineffectivec. day-to-dayd. on-the-scene15. a. opinionb. riskc. performanced. attractiveness【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论授权管理及其作用。1. d 根据后半句.will do anything to avoid it可知人们本能上不喜欢工作，他们为逃避工作可以做任何事情。故d项正确。2. a to

45、 the contrary相反的；to the degree在某种程度上；to the extreme走向极端。此处是说，无论如何，尽管很多证据与这个理论相反，很多管理人仍然同意x理论。故a项正确。3. b 由后面的例子他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给予他们不断的监督可知此处是举例说明。故b项正确。4. d 根据后句可知，此处是说，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故d项above上面的正确。5. c 根据前段可知本文讨论的是管理学的理论，此处是说，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故c项正确。6. b refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献，导致；obje

46、ct to反对；apply to适用于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故b项正确。7. a agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象。此处是说，亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同协商的基础上的，西方人也想模仿这样的管理方法。故a项正确。8. d 根据前半句.women will become more effective managers than men.可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效，因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故d项正确。9.

47、 a 根据前句. encourage employees to use their own initiative. （鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神），也就是说在作出决定的时候不用先请示上级经理。故a项正确。10. c 根据the trend towards downsizing（缩小规模的趋势）可知，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接作出决定而不需要请示上级，故动词reduce减少符合语境。11. b be honored with被授予；be left with留下，剩下；be crowded with挤满；be compared with与相比，通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和与公众直接

48、联系的一线管理人，省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的成效。故b项正确。12. b economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地。根据后句empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control可知授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故b项正确。13. d deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保。授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知d正确

49、。14. a virtual虚拟的；ineffective无效果的，低效率的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的。根据后句where teams of people linked by e-mail and the internet work on projects from their own houses可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这是一种新型通过虚拟网络进行管理的方法。故a项正确。15. c opinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力。根据后半句in terms of what t

50、hey produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品，而不是他们的工作时间。故c项正确。【对点模拟练】2in terms of the original data in every way, the chinese new year spring festival is the largest human event on the planet. in the seven 1of the lunar new year, chinese are exp

51、ected to 2more than $100 billion on eating and shopping almost twice as much as americans spend on thanksgiving. 3, chinese predictably buy railway tickets online 4a rate of more than 1 000 per second.but its 5millions of chinese people go home for the spring festival during &quo

52、t;chunyun". all these 6take place at this time.transport networks have set 7highs for "chunyun" numbers almost every year for the past decade, the council(国务院)said.authorities expect travelers to make 356 million trips by 8during this years "chunyun" period. t

53、aking the strain for the transportation is 9chinas high-speed railway network, now 10to 20 000 kilometers the worlds longest. chinas total rail network 11more than 121 000 kilometers, the second largest in the world after the united states.the "chunyun" 12isnt just a wo

54、nder of logistics(组织工作); it also shows how modern china is 13.trains are packed with thousands of snoozing(打盹) 14, reflecting education reforms that have greatly 15the number of university places over the past decade.16dressed office girls in high heels can be seen picking their way t

55、hrough 17on their way home, which is a product of the mass migration of rural people to chinas coastal cities in search of 18jobs in service industries and factories.many of chinas new middle classes will opt to drive private cars and traffic jam is now a(n) 19feature of the holiday p

56、eriod.many others, however, will choose to 20the confusion altogether and take a vacation abroad increasingly an option for the new generation in china.1. a. daysb. weeksc. monthsd. years2. a. costb. spendc. taked. pay3. a. moreoverb. thereforec. otherwised. however4. a. forb. onc. tod. at5. a.

57、 whyb. wherec. whend. how6. a. privilegesb. journeysc. organizationsd. wonders7. a. fairb. goodc. niced. new8. a. airb. seac. raild. road9. a. differentlyb. mainlyc. clearlyd. frequently10. a. increasedb. resistedc. promotedd. opposed11. a. controlsb. reachesc. aimsd. shoots12. a. environmentb. requ

58、irementc. phenomenond. circumstance13. a. findingb. expectingc. obtainingd. changing14. a. leadersb. workersc. studentsd. colleagues15. a. declinedb. expandedc. failedd. started16. a. gratefullyb. impatientlyc. practicallyd. beautifully17. a. playgroundsb. streetsc. fieldsd. stations18. a. better-paidb. well-donec. helplessd. fearless19. a. regularb. strangec. importantd. necessary20. a. developb. escapec. leaved. carry【语篇解读】具有中国元素的说明文符合高考完形填空的选材趋势。中国的春运创世界之奇迹,也是中国人津津乐