【精品】高一英语上册nit2Englisharoundtheworld(备课资料)教案大纲人教版第一册

1、Reference for TeachingI 、异域风情1 Noah Webster and the first American dictionaryNoahWebster was born On October16,1758 in the West Divisionof Hartford.Hisfather farmed and worked as a weaver. His mother worked at home Noah and his twobrothers， Charles and Abraham, helped father with the farm workNoah s

2、 sister,Mercy and Jerusha,worked with theirmother to keep house and make food and clothingfor the familyFew people went to college， but Noah loved to learn so his parents let him goto Yale, Connecticuts only college Noah graduated in l778 He wanted to studylaw,but his parentscouldnot affordto give h

3、im more money forschool So， in orderto make a living， Noah taughtin Glastonbury,Hartfordand West Hartford Laterhestudied law.Noahdid not likeAmerican schools.Sometimes 70 childrenof allage were crammedintoone-room schoolhouseswithno desks ， poor books,and untrainedteachers.Theirbooks came from Engla

4、nd. Noah thought that Americans should learn from Americanbooks so in 1783, Noah wrote his own textbook ：A GrammaticalInstituteof the EnglishLanguage Most people called it the“Blue -backed Speller ” because of its bluecover For 100 years，Noahs book taught children how to read spell, and pronouncewor

5、ds It was the most popular book of its time Ben Franklin used book to teachhis granddaughter to read.WhenNoah was 43,he startedthe firstAmerican dictionaryHe did thisbecauseAmericans in different parts of the country spelled. pronounced and used wordsdifferently He thoughtthatallshouldspeak the same

6、 way He alsothatAmericansshould not speak and spell just like the English.Noah used American spellings like“col or ” instead 0f the English“colour ”and “music” instead of“musick” He also added American words that weren't inEnglishdictionarieslike“skunk( 臭鼬 ) ”and“squash( 瓜菜 ) ” Ittookhim over 27

7、yearsto writehisbook When finishedin 1828 at theage of 70,Noah'sdictionaryhad 70 000 words in itNoah did many things in his life He worked for copyright(版权 )laws ， wrotetextbooks， Americanized the English language, and edited magazines When NoahWebster died in 1843 he was considered an American

8、hero2 The Origin of WordsAbout three hundred words in the English language come from the names ofpeople Many of these words are technical words When there is a new invention ordiscovery A new word may be coined(杜撰 )after the inventor or scientistIt is interesting to observe how many words have found

9、 their way into the fromthe names of people Lord Sandwich who livedfrom 1718 to1792 used at the gamblingtableeatingbread withmeat in between As the Lord was the only one among his friendswho ate bread in that bread“ sandwich ” for funLater on the word became partlanguage 用心爱心专心The word “boycott ” me

10、ans to refuse to have anything to do with somebody or something. It comes from a man called Captain Is a land agent in 1880 and he andtaxes for an English landowner in Ireland. But the Captainwas a very harsh(苛刻的 ) manHe treatedhispoor tenantsvery badly.His tenantsdecidednot to speakto him at all.Ev

11、entuallyword got back to the landownerand the Captainwas removed.The word “boycott ”became populareveryone to mean the kindof treatmentthatwasreceived by Captain Boycott.II 、知识归纳( 一 ) 英语中表示“请求(requests)”情况归纳：（ 1） . 提出请求表达The radio is too loud. Can you turn it down a little?收音机的声音太大了，你能将它的音量调小一点吗？Exc

12、use me, could you tell me when the next train leaves for Beijing?请问下一班列车何时去北京？Excuse me, would you mind stopping talking?对不起，请不要讲话好吗？Shut the door, will you?请把门关上，好吗？May I use your English-Chinese dictionary?我可以用你的英汉词典吗？Would you like to go out for a walk now?现在你愿意出去走一走吗？Don t rush (hurry)/crowd.不要匆

13、忙 / 挤！No smoking, please.请勿吸烟。（ 2） . 愉快接受请求表达Certainly/ Of course/Sure!当然可以！With pleasure!十分愿意！I ll be glad /pleased to.我很乐意！Yes, all right.好的。No problem. 没问题。Certainly, just help yourself.当然，请自便。I will if I can.如果我能，我会的。Not at all./Of course not.根本不 / 当然不。（ 3） . 客气地拒绝请求表达I d like(love)to， but I hav

14、e no time.我很愿意，但我没时间。用心爱心专心I m sorry I can t.对不起，我不能。No, I m afraid not/I can t.不，恐怕我不能。I d like to say yes, but that s impossible.我倒是想答应的，但那是不可能的。I m sorry, but I m using it now.对不起，不过我现在正好用它。2. 表示“许多”的词语归纳（ 1） . 只能修饰可数名词的有：many, a good/great many, a(large/great)number of, many a(+n. )e.g. A good m

15、any animals sleep under the snow.很多动物都在雪底下冬眠。To build this house, a great number of bricks are needed.盖这所房子需要大量砖头。Many a student has visited the exhibition.许多学生参观了这次展览。（ 2） . 只能修饰不可数名词的有：much, a great/good deal of, a great amount ofe.g. It cost me a great deal of money.它花了我很多钱。Is there much ink in t

16、he bottle?瓶子里有很多墨水吗？He gave his wife a great amount of money.他给了他妻子一大笔钱。（ 3） . 可数和不可数名词均可修饰的有：a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large/great quantity of, quantities of e.g. Every day people throw away lots of rubbish.人们每天都倒掉很多垃圾。We have plenty of rain in the south in spring.春天南方雨水很多。A great quantity of

17、 flowers was placed on the dead boy s body.孩子的尸体上盖满了鲜花。There are large quantities of food in the cupboard.食橱里有许多食物。III 、词语辨析1. What about, Would you like, Would you please(1)What about ?在口语中，通常用来征求对方的意见或提出建议，后面一般接名词、代词、动名词、副词或状语从句。它可用how about替换。e.g. What about going to London this summer?今年夏天去伦敦怎么样

18、？ Good idea. 好主意。(2)Would you like ?在口语中，通常用来征求对方看法、想法或提出请求、邀请，其后通常接名词、代词、不定式或带不定式的复合宾语。用心爱心专心e.g. Would you like to come to supper this evening?今晚来吃饭好吗？ Oh, thank you! I d love to!好，谢谢！我很乐意！Would you like a cup of coffee?你想来杯咖啡吗？(3)Would you please ?在口语中，通常用来表示委婉客气的请求，后接动词原形。e.g. I can hardly hear

19、the radio, would you please turn it up?我几乎听不见收音机的声音，请开的大声点好吗？2. know, know of, know about(1)know 用作动词，意思是“( 直接地 ) 获知，懂得，认识，熟悉”。e.g. She knows a lot of English.她懂得很多英语。I don t know whether he is here or not.我不知道他是否在这儿。I know him to be honest.我知道他很诚实。I know Mr. White by sight but have never spoken to

20、him.我常见到怀特先生，但从未同他讲话。I know the place very well.我对那地方很熟悉。know 之后不能直接跟不定式，要说know how to do。e.g. I don t know how to do the work.我不知道怎样做那件事。(2)know of和 know about的意思都是“( 间接地 ) 获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区别。e.g. I know of/about him, but I dont know him.我听说过他，但不认识他。I know about/of that last week.我上星期听说过那件事

21、。3. for example, such as(1)forexample“例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用for instance替换。e.g. For example, air is invisible.例如，空气是看不见的。Ball games, for example, have spread around the world.例如，球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。His spelling is terrible! Look at the word for example.他的拼写太糟糕了！比如就看这个词吧。

22、(2)such as “例如”，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间， as 后面不可有逗号。e.g. Some of the European Languages come from Latin, such as French, Italianand Spanish.有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语。例如法语、意大利语和西班牙语。用心爱心专心Someofthe rubbish,such as food,paper and iron,rotsaway overa longperiodof time.有些废物，如剩饭、废纸和铁，时间一长就烂掉了。注：如把前面所

23、述情况全部举出，用that is或 namely 。e.g. He knows four languages, that is/namely Chinese, French, English and Japanese.他懂四种语言，即汉语、法语、英语和日语。4. change into, change for, change with(1)change into“变成为” ， change into “把变成” 。e.g. Ice changes into water rapidly on a hot day.热天冰很快化成水。The fairy changed the cat into a

24、swan.仙女把猫变成了一只天鹅。(2)change for “向方向转化” ， change A for B “用 A 换取 B” e.g. The weather has changed for the better.天气转好了。He has changed his old bicycle for a new one.他已把旧自行车换成新的了。(3)change with“随同而变” ， change with sb.“和某人交换” 。e.g. Times changed and we should change with them.时代在变，我们也应跟着变。Will you change

25、 seats with me?你愿意和我换座位吗？IV 、能力训练1. 单句改错1.Do sit down by the fire and make yourself at your home.简析：把 your 去掉。 make oneself at home是固定词组，不加your, the 等词。2.There are more than 42 countries where the majority ofpeople speak English.简析：把 speaks 改为 speak 。 the majority of作主语，谓语常用复数。3.I like same music as you.简析： same 前加 the, 因 the same as意为“与同样的” ， same前的 the 不可省略。4.He communicated the whole story with me.简析：把 with 改为 to 。communicate 作“和交流思想”解，用communicate withsb. 作“传达、传