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1、- ing分词的构成1. -ing分词的构成ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化,通 常有下表几种形式(以d。为例):主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done-ing分词的否定形式是由not加-ing分词构成。如:Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等着。His not coming made all of us angry他没来使我们大家都很生气。2.

2、-ing分词的一般式和完成式:-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作;完成式表示在 谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如:Being a student, he was interested in books.作为一个学生,他对书本很感兴 趣。Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations,因为没有 努力学习功课,他考试不及格。3. -ing分词的被动式:-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据ing分词动 作发生的时间,ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(

3、being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如:The question being discussed is very important.正在被讨论的问题很重要。He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter.他从来没 谈起过他被记者采访的事情。Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking,被老师批评以后, 他把烟戒了。注意:在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后,作宾语的

4、ing分词常 用主动形式来表示被动含义。如:Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned.你的鞋需要清洗 一下了。This book is well worth reading,这本书很值得一看。4. -ing分词的语法作用ing分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词, 在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。l)-ing分词(短语)作主语:Laying eggs is the ant queen"s full-time job,产卵是蚁后的专职工作。Saying is easi

5、er than doing,说比做容易。在下面两种结构中,ing分词也作主语。为了保持句子平衡,通常用作形式主语,而把真实主语放在句末。如:It is no use crying over spilt milk,作无益的后悔是没有用的。It"s a waste of time arguing about it.辩论这事是浪费时间。在There is n。结构中,通常用ing分词。如:There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。There is no holding back the wheel of history,历史车轮不可阻挡。

6、2)ing分词(短语)作表语:His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是收集邮票。The problem is quite puzzling,这个问题很令人困惑。3) -ing分词作宾语:©-ing分词作动词宾语。如:I suggest doing it in a different way,我建议用另 一种方法做这件事。We enjoy attending Miss Li"s class,我们喜欢听李老师的课。ing分词作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语,而用it作形式宾语。如:I don't think it possible l

7、iving in such a cold place.我认为住在这么寒冷的地方 是不可能的。Do you consider it any good trying again?你觉得再试一次会有好处吗?ing分词作介词宾语,经常用在一些短语的后面。如:I"m against inviting him to dinner.我反对邀请他来吃饭。They don't feel like walking that much,他们不喜欢走那么多路。He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter. (也去了 伦敦,希望 能成为

8、一个著名的画家。此类短语还有很多。如:look forward to (渴望,盼望),be proud of (以自豪)z be responsible for (对负责),insist on (坚持),think of (考虑,想到),dream of (梦想),objectt。(反对,抗议),hear of (听说),prevent.from(防止,阻止),keep.from (防止,阻止),stop.from (防止,阻止),be engaged in (从事于),depend on (依*,依赖),thank.for (因 而道谢),excuse.for(因而道歉),aim at (目

9、的在于),devote.t。(献身于),set about (着手做),be/get used to (习惯于),be fond of (喜欢),be afraid of (害怕),betired of (对厌烦),succeed in (成功地做)z be interested in (对感兴趣),be ashamed of (对感到羞愧)等等。注意:在有些句子中,介词常可省去。如:I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners.我在和外国人交谈方面 没有什么困难。He used to spend a lot of time (

10、in) playing games,过去他常花很多时间玩游戏。What can prevent us (from) getting married?有什么能阻止我们结婚? 另外,ing 分词可以和一些介词如 in, on, after, against, before, byz for, without, besides等构成短语,在句中作状语。如:He left ahead of time without saying a word他一句话也没说就提前离开了。Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.除

11、了做饭和缝纫以外,她还要照顾四个孩子。On hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy.听到这个消息后,所有的 学生都高兴得跳了起来。4) -ing分词作定语:单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如:reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐车sleeping car 卧车 singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室 a waiting car 一辆等待着的车a sleeping child 一个酣睡的孩子flying fish飞鱼 the ex

12、citing news令人振奋的消息a boring speech令人乏味的演出ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面,也相当于一个定语从句。如:Who is the comrade standing by the door?站在门边的同志是谁?They lived in a house facing south,他们住在一所朝南的房子里。-ing分词还可以作非限制性定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,常用逗号 和句子其它部分分开。如:The words, usually dealing with current work, were mostly written by himself. 歌词

13、一般讲当前的工作,大部分是他自己写的。When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy.当她出现的时候,约翰穿着一件乂脏乂破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。 5) -ing分词做状语:ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。ing分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时可由连词when, while引出。如:While reading the book, he nodded from time to time,他一边看书,一边不时 地点头。Seei

14、ng those pictures, she remembered her childhood,看到那些画,他想起了 她的童年。ing分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him,因为不知道他的地址, 我不能把这本书送给他。Many of us, being so excited, couldn't go to sleep that night,因为IE常激动, 那晚我们许多人都没睡着。-ing分词短语作结果状语。如:His father died, leaving

15、him a lot of money.他父亲死了,留给他许多钱。She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生气,把玩具扔在地上,把它摔成了碎片。-ing分词作伴随状语,可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间,表示主语的另一个、 较次要的动作。如:They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.他们在那儿站 了半小时,观察着天上的星星。Following the old man, the young p

16、eople started walking slowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语,相当于一个状语从句。如:A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage,尽管知道了一切情况,他 们还是要我赔偿损失。注:ing分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。、'with/without+名词普

17、通格或代词宾格+ing分词结构在句中作状语,表示伴 随情况或时间、原因等。如:His hair became grey with the years passing,随着时间的推移,他的头发变花 白了。Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window,没人注意,(也从窗户 溜了出去。6) -ing分词作补语:®-ing 分词可以在 see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个 复合宾语,作宾语补语。如:I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.昨晚,店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西。上面这类句子也可变成被动语态,这时,ing分词可看成是主语补语。如: We were kept waiting for quite a long tim

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