新视野大学英语1unit5words

1、Unit 5The Battle Against AIDSacquire v. 1. 获得；取得获得；取得How did Tom acquire his wealth?2. 学到，习得，培养（技能，习惯，品质）学到，习得，培养（技能，习惯，品质） I have acquired a taste for whisky. acquire knowledge of 求得求得.的知识的知识e.g. She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study.acquirement n.取得取得, 获得获得; 学得学得; pl. 学识学识, 技艺技艺

2、acquire/ obtain/ gainnacquire 强调通过不断地学、问等慢慢地获取学问、强调通过不断地学、问等慢慢地获取学问、技术等较抽象的事物。技术等较抽象的事物。 Anna must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of mechanics.nobtain 较正式用词，主要指通过相当长的时间或较正式用词，主要指通过相当长的时间或很大的努力获得期望已久的东西。很大的努力获得期望已久的东西。 They immediately set out to obtain the latest news.ngain 指通过努力与付出而得到，但需付出比指

3、通过努力与付出而得到，但需付出比obtain更大的努力，含有通过竞争获得某些有价值更大的努力，含有通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西的成分。的东西的成分。 She gained full marks in the examination. immune a.（常（常against, from, to与连用）免疫的；与连用）免疫的；e.g. The medicine will make you immune to the disease.这种药可以使你免于感染这种疾这种药可以使你免于感染这种疾病。病。be immune from punishment免除处罚免除处罚nThe criminal was

4、told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police.immune body (=antibody)疫苗注射后疫苗注射后 产生的免产生的免疫体疫体be immune from/against/to 不受影响的，免除不受影响的，免除的，安全的的，安全的deficiency n.缺乏缺乏, 不足不足e.g. deficiencies in this plan这项计划的缺陷这项计划的缺陷 a nutritional deficiency.营养缺乏营养缺乏nThe little girl has a slight calcium

5、 deficiency.nThe deficiency of the plan is very clear and it cant be successful. deficient 缺乏的；不足的缺乏的；不足的a.有缺陷的人有缺陷的人东西东西e.g. deficient in courage缺乏勇气的缺乏勇气的a mental deficient智力缺陷者智力缺陷者nsufficiency n. 充足，充分充足，充分syndromee.g. The syndrome is likely to strike those whose immune ability is damaged. 那些免疫系

6、统受到破坏的人身上可能出现这些症那些免疫系统受到破坏的人身上可能出现这些症状。状。nsymptom症兆，症候症兆，症候 Fever is a symptom of many illnesses. 发烧是许多疾病的症兆。发烧是许多疾病的症兆。 Symptoms of SARS include high fiver, headache, sweating, restlessness, thirst, and possibly coma, and convulsion. diagnose v. 判断判断,根据科学资料分类或决定根据科学资料分类或决定 e.g. The doctor diagnosed

7、 the illness as influenza. 医生诊断此病为流行感冒。医生诊断此病为流行感冒。 e.g. The teacher diagnosed the boys reading difficulties. 老师找出那孩子阅读上困难的原因。老师找出那孩子阅读上困难的原因。ndiagnosable a. 可诊断的可诊断的 diagnosis n. 诊断诊断infectnbe infected with (the name of a disease)e.g. The blood test shows that the man was infected with the HIV viru

8、s. 血检表明这个人染上了艾滋病病毒。Marys high spirits infected all the girls in the class.玛丽振奋的精神感染了班上所有的女孩子.ninfection感染；传染；污染, 传染病aerial infection空气传染/contact infection接触传染/cross infection交叉感染传染/insect infection昆虫传染/virus infection病毒感染ninfectious a. 有传染性的, 易传染的, 有感染力的constitute v 1.make up; form制定制定(法律法律), 建立建立(政

9、府政府), 组成组成, 任任命命e.g. constitute a direct threat to sb. 对某人构成直接威胁对某人构成直接威胁nconstitute new traffic regulations 制定新交通规则制定新交通规则n7 days constitute a week. 2. be a part of a whole 为为的成分的成分n Lone parents constitute a great proportion of the poor.constitute3. be or be equivalent to(sth) 相当于相当于 His failure t

10、o act constituted a breach of duty. 他不能演出，这相当于失职。他不能演出，这相当于失职。nconstitution n. 宪法宪法, 构造构造, 体质体质nhave a good/poor constitution体质好差体质好差segment n.段段, 节节, 片断片断, 部分部分v.分割分割e.g. a segment of a television program.na dish of orange segmentsnBlack people constitute the poorest segment of society in the count

11、ry. 黑人是这个国家最穷的社会群体。黑人是这个国家最穷的社会群体。n同义：同义： sectionalarm n. 惊慌；警报惊慌；警报e.g. raise/ give the alarm发出警报发出警报sound the alarm鸣鸣警报。警报。hear/receive the alarm.Vt.使惊慌，使担心使惊慌，使担心nin alarm慌忙慌忙e.g. Hearing a scream, she sat up in alarm.听到尖叫声，她慌忙坐起来。听到尖叫声，她慌忙坐起来。 The news that war might break out alarmed the people

12、.战争可能爆发的消息使人们惊恐不安。战争可能爆发的消息使人们惊恐不安。nbe alarmed at .被被.吓一跳吓一跳nbe alarmed for .放心不下放心不下, 担心担心 (.的安全的安全) federal nFederal agent美美联邦调查局人员联邦调查局人员nFederal Bureau of Investigation 美美联邦调查局联邦调查局(略作略作FBI)nthe federal government联邦政府联邦政府 nthe state government 州政府州政府nfederation n.同盟同盟; 联盟联盟; 联邦政府联邦政府,联合总会联合总会na

13、federation of students学生联合会学生联合会na federation of labor unions总工会总工会 implement e.g. implement a contract履行合同nThe government is implementing its program of helping the poor. 政府在实施扶贫政策。implement, instrument, tool, appliance都含“工具”的意思。implement指“在工作中任何有用或必需的器械”, 尤指“较简单的农田或园艺工具”, 如: new types of farm impl

14、ements新式农具。instrument 指指“用于精细工作或科学技术的工用于精细工作或科学技术的工具具”, 如如:nsurgical instruments 外科器械。外科器械。ntool 多指多指“手工操作的简单工具手工操作的简单工具”, 如如:tools for carpenters 木工工具。木工工具。appliance 指指“工具工具”、“器具器具”、“器械器械”、“电气用具电气用具”, 如如:nan appliance for opening tin cans 开马口铁罐头的器具。开马口铁罐头的器具。emerge nThe moon emerged from behind the

15、 clouds. 月亮从云后出现。月亮从云后出现。同义：同义：appear v.出现，公开露面出现，公开露面 come out 出来出来反义：反义：submerge n& v浸没浸没, 淹没淹没,潜水潜水combat n.战斗战斗, 格斗格斗 single combat一对一的打斗一对一的打斗v.斗争斗争conflict, 和和作战作战oppose, 搏斗搏斗, 抗击抗击The ship is combating the strong wind and waves.e.g. combat diseases与疾病作斗争与疾病作斗争ncombat liberalism 反对自由主义反对自由

16、主义同义：同义： battle v. 作战，战斗作战，战斗 contest v.争斗，竞争争斗，竞争 fight v. 打架打架 resourceexploit natural resources 开发自然资源开发自然资源material resources 物力物力resource of labour force 劳动力资源劳动力资源resource of production 生产资源生产资源a man of resource 足智多谋的人足智多谋的人; 机智的人机智的人a man of no resources 无资力的人无资力的人; 毫无办法的人毫无办法的人; 闲极无聊的人闲极无聊的人

17、at the end of ones resources 山穷水尽山穷水尽, 无计可施无计可施, 智穷才尽智穷才尽He is lost without resource. 他彻底完蛋他彻底完蛋失败失败了。了。publication n.1. 出版物出版物 the list of new publications 新书目录新书目录2. 公布，发表，出版公布，发表，出版 The newspaper has ceased publication. 报纸已停刊报纸已停刊n publish v. 出版，发行；出版，发行； public a. 公众的公众的 公用的，公用的，n. 公共场所，公众公共场所，公

18、众literacy n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力有文化，有教养，有读写能力 illiteracy文盲文盲n a literacy campaign 扫盲运动扫盲运动na literacy class 扫盲班扫盲班 literature n.文学文学(作品作品), 文艺文艺nliterary a. 文学的文学的literary works文学作品文学作品nliteral a. 字母的字面上的字母的字面上的,没有夸张的没有夸张的, 求实的求实的 solve e.g. solve a problem puzzle解决问题解决问题疑惑疑惑nsolve a crime 解释犯罪行为解释犯罪行为nsol

19、ution解答解答, 解决办法解决办法, 解决方案解决方案nresolve n.决心决心,决定决定v.决心决心=decide nresolved on going sth议决议决nresolve to议决投票表决议决投票表决,nresolve into解决解决,使分解使分解, 溶解溶解, 解决解决, n转变转变 resolve A into B= turn A into Billustrate (be)illustrated with by以以.说明之说明之nLet me give another example to illustrate this usage of the word.n T

20、he guide is illustrated with full-color photographs.2. serve as an example of 为为例证，证明例证，证明nThe World Cup illustrated what high standards our players must achieve.nillustrator n. 说明者，插图画家，说明者，插图画家， illustrative a. 说明性的，说明性的， 例证性的例证性的establishv. 1. 建立，创办建立，创办nOur school was established in 1956.2. 开始（接

21、触，交流）开始（接触，交流）nThe two companies established diplomatic relations in 1992.3. 使（某人）得到承认，使被接受使（某人）得到承认，使被接受nHe had established himself as a film star. nestablishment n. 建立，设立建立，设立 established a. 已已制定的，确定的制定的，确定的n同义：同义：set up，found 反义反义 demolish， destroyrisk n.冒险冒险, 风险风险, 危险人物危险人物n All the people who k

22、now this secret represent a security risk.n She a security risk.nat risk有危险有危险in danger ofnrun/take risks in sth/doing sth冒险冒险 nv冒冒.的危险的危险e.g. He risked his life when he saved the child from the fire. nDont risk it. It isnt worth it. definen define sb.s duties 规定某人的任务规定某人的任务ndefine ones position 表明立

23、场表明立场nThe mountain was clearly defined against the light of the eastern sky.n东方天空的光芒使那座山清晰地显露出来。东方天空的光芒使那座山清晰地显露出来。ndefinite a,有明确界限的；明确的有明确界限的；明确的ndefinition n. 定义定义, 解说解说, 精确度精确度, 清晰度清晰度n redefine v. 重新定义重新定义,重新考虑重新考虑plague（与（与of连用）数量大得无法控制的有害物连用）数量大得无法控制的有害物na plague of rats泛滥成灾的老鼠泛滥成灾的老鼠ne.g. Ai

24、r pollution is regarded as a plague of the nation. nvt.折磨折磨, 使苦恼使苦恼,nFears about the war has plagued nearly half of the population in the country.ne.g. Plague was then prevailing in that city. 当时瘟疫正在该城流行。当时瘟疫正在该城流行。nplague with用用.来烦扰人来烦扰人, 用用.来折磨人来折磨人nHe was plaguing her with questions. crisis (pl)-ses转折点，决定性时刻转折点，决定性时刻,危机；难关危机；难关 nat a crisis/ crossroad 在紧急关头在紧急关头nbring/ come to a crisis 使陷入危机使陷入危机nface a crisis 面临危局面临危局npass a crisis 渡过危机渡过危机nan e