会计英语之长期负债

1、 Case Analysis ContentsLong-term liabilitieslong-term notes payableBond issuanceTeam IntroductionLong term liabilities definition and connotation Definition and Connotation：Long-term liabilities are defined as the liabilities of which repayment periods equal one year or more than one year, including

2、 long-term loans payable, bonds payable, long-term payables and accrued liabilities etc.Accounting methodText in hereCurrent liabilities and long-term liabilities (caption of account) have the same accounting method.Image Info www.wizdata.co.kr - Note to customers : This image has been licensed to b

3、e used within this PowerPoint template only. You may not extract the image for any other use. debitcreditRelevant financial indicatorsLong-term Debt Ratio The quick ratioCash flow and debt ratio Asset liability ratio (%) The liquidity ratio Net accounts receivable after the debt ratio (total long-te

4、rm debt / assets)* 100% (current assets / liabilities inventory) Cash / current liabilitiesTotal debt / total assets 100% Assets / liabilities(total liabilities and accounts receivable) / total assets 100% DateName5Important ratio analysisLong-term Debt Ratio 5Definition ：Long term debt ratio， as is

5、 also called the capital ratio, is an indicator of corporate debt in general. It is the ratio of long-term debt to total assets. Total assets equal liabilities and shareholders equity.Long-term Debt Ratio5 Formula as follows Long term liabilities ratio = (total long-term debt / assets)* 100%Explanat

6、ion：If the index reveals small, the degree of debt capitalization can be low, as well as the pressure from long-term debt paying; On the contrary, it reveals that high capitalization company debt and long-term debt paying pressure. The indicator is mainly used to reflect the proportion of long-term

7、debt with interest in the long-term working capital.So, the ratio should not be too high, the general should be below 20%.Long-term Debt Ratio12Compared with the current liabilities, long-term liabilities are relatively stable。 Compared with the owners equity, long-term liabilities have fixed terms

8、of repayment, fixed interest payments and capital source.And its stability cannot compare with the owners equity. Analysis of the main points Click to edit title stylecomputational formula This ratio can indicate how much the company fixed assets are available for long-term borrowing collateral as w

9、ell as the long-term creditors rights security degree. As an ordinary company, fixed assets, especially as collateral, should be maintained in a certain ratio with long-term debt, as a debt security. Generally, this ratio is at least more than 100%, the greater the more can guarantee the long-term i

10、nterests of creditors. Ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities = Fixed assets / liabilities * 100%Characteristics of long-term liabilities The short-term debt paying ability is the foundation of long-term solvency maintaining a good capital structure can enhance the solvency of enterprises Fi

11、rstly Secondly Thirdly The long-term solvency of the enterprise and enterprises profit ability is closely related to each other Types of long-term liabilities long-term loan long-term payables bonds payable 1423estimated liabilitiesBond issuance 5Bond issuance overview Bond issuance is the issuer to

12、 borrow funds for the purpose ofissuing bonds, legal representative must the creditors rights andconditions of payment to the investor the offer in accordance with legal proceduresBond issuance 5Bond issuance conditions Bond issuance conditions refer to the relevant factors of bond issuers must cons

13、ider the bond financing, including the issuance, par value(面值面值), time limit,（期限）（期限） repayment method（偿还方式）（偿还方式）, interest rate（利率）（利率）, payment of interest, issue price（发行价格）（发行价格）, issue expenses（发行费用）（发行费用） and so on. Bond issuance conditions determine the profitability（收益性）（收益性）, liquidity（流动性

14、）（流动性） and security（安全性）（安全性） of bonds issuer, directly affect the financing cos（筹资成本）（筹资成本）t and the amount of investment profit（投资收益）（投资收益）. For investors, the most importantissue is the bonds coupon rate（票面利率）（票面利率）, the maturity date（偿还期限）（偿还期限） and issue price（发行价格）（发行价格） because they determine

15、 the bond investment value, so it is called the three basic conditions of bond issuanceBond issuance5Issuing mode of Bond According to the similarities and differences between the actualissue price and coupon bond price, the issuance of bonds can beissued at par（平价）（平价）, premium （溢价）（溢价）and discount

16、.（折价）（折价） At par,it means the bond price equal to par value Issued at a premium, it means that the bond price is higher than the par value Issued at a discount , it means that the bond price is lower than the par valueBond issuance5The accounting of bond issuanceExample1 Assume that a company on Jan

17、uary 1st 2012 issue a three year bond 100 pieces, each with a face value of 1000 yuan,10% of the nominal interest rate, every June 30th and December 31st all interest bearing time, of a debt due. If The issue of corporate bonds at par.The issuance of bonds shall be recorded by the following entry:Dr

18、: bank deposit 100000 Cr：Bond payable Par value 100000Bond issuance5The accounting of bond issuanceExample 2 Assume that a company on January 1st 2012 issue a three year bond 100 pieces, each with a face value of 1000 yuan,10% of the nominal interest rate, every June 30th and December 31st all inter

19、est bearing time, of a debt due. The market interest rates to 8%, according to the calculation, the bond issue price of 105244 yuan,if the enterprise bond issued at a premium.The issuance of bonds shall be recorded by the following entry:Dr： bank deposit 105244 Cr：Bond payable Par value 100000 Bonds

20、 payable - the adjustment of interest 5244Bonds issued at a discount is not common in practice. So there is no need for exampleBond issuance Bond issuing priceBond issuing price：the F means the par value（面值）（面值）,the K means the market rate（市场利率）（市场利率）,the I means the Bond interest（债券年利（债券年利息）息）,the

21、n means the The term of a bond （债券期限）（债券期限）, the t means the inerest period numbe of a bond(债券付息期数债券付息期数) （这些我们在中级财务管理里面都讲了）（这些我们在中级财务管理里面都讲了）Bond issuance Bond issuing priceExample，A enterprise on January 1st2011 issue 3 years period, the annual interest rate is 8%, total face value of 2000000 yuan

22、 of bonds, to expand the production and operation of enterprises. The bond on December 31st 2013 in the first principal. A company should record:Dr: Bonds payable_ par value 2000000 Cr：bank deposit 2000000Accounting debt repayment long-term notes payableImage Info www.wizdata.co.kr - Note to custome

23、rs : This image has been licensed to be used within this PowerPoint template only. You may not extract the image for any other use. Definitionlong-term notes payableThe content is divided into two categoriesThe accounting treatment of the long-term notes1.Note issued for cash: Dr. Cash Cr. Note paya

24、ble Dr. Interest expense Cr. Cash Dr. Notes payable Cr. Cash 2.Note Exchanged for Assets or Services： Discount:Dr. Fixed assets or services Cr. Notes payable discountedDr. Interest expense Cr.Discount on notes payable Cash Dr. Notes payable Cr. Cash Premium: Dr. Machinery Cr. Premium on notes payabl

25、e Notes payable Dr. Interest expense Premium on notes payable Cr. Cash Dr. Notes payable Cr. Cash案例分析案例分析揭秘：民营企业揭秘：民营企业 太子奶太子奶 的沉没的沉没步步危机步步危机多元扩张的隐患多元扩张的隐患资金断裂的危害资金断裂的危害高层接管的悲剧高层接管的悲剧被曝丑闻的夹击被曝丑闻的夹击获得投资的风险获得投资的风险14253境外清盘企业破产重组境外清盘企业破产重组6深度剖析深度剖析宏观环境宏观环境外部环境外部环境机会与挑战兼顾，优势与劣势并存机会与挑战兼顾，优势与劣势并存经济因素经济因素技

26、术因素技术因素政治法律政治法律因素因素社会文化社会文化因素因素有良好的品牌形象、过硬的产品质有良好的品牌形象、过硬的产品质量、行业的垄断地位、现有的市场份额等量、行业的垄断地位、现有的市场份额等优势条件，但同时优势条件，但同时。2008年的社会突年的社会突发事件沉重的打击了集团，这是致使失败发事件沉重的打击了集团，这是致使失败的一个客观原因。的一个客观原因。深度剖析深度剖析行业环境行业环境现有企业竞争现有企业竞争其他企业入侵其他企业入侵购买者购买者供应商供应商 产业发展状况产业发展状况 现有竞争者数量质量现有竞争者数量质量 买方市场买方市场 产品差异小转化壁垒低产品差异小转化壁垒低 潜在新进入

27、者潜在新进入者 其他代替产品其他代替产品 生产有利因素生产有利因素 生产不利因素生产不利因素乳酸菌饮料行业内部竞争较大，买卖双方讨价能力都很强。太子奶乳酸菌饮料行业内部竞争较大，买卖双方讨价能力都很强。太子奶正是凭借明显的品牌效益和过硬的产品质量，快速发展的。正是凭借明显的品牌效益和过硬的产品质量，快速发展的。 深度剖析深度剖析竞争对手竞争对手太子奶等其他太子奶等其他伊利、蒙牛伊利、蒙牛竞争对手实力雄厚、品牌响亮、技术先进、业务熟练、区域优势，太竞争对手实力雄厚、品牌响亮、技术先进、业务熟练、区域优势，太子奶市场份额被挤占，外部竞争十分激烈。子奶市场份额被挤占，外部竞争十分激烈。娃哈哈娃哈哈养乐多养乐多深度剖析深度剖析发展战略发展战略本身优势本身优势营销策略