全国卷七选五解题方法指导

1、全国卷七选五解题方法指导七选五的试题结构是给出一篇200词左右的短文，其中缺少五个句子，在文后给出的七个句子中选填五个句子到原文中的相应位置，使得文章结构完整，逻辑关系衔接，过渡自然，上下文的意思通顺。很明显，该题型主要考查考生对文章的整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把控。下面联系高考真题，分析和归纳突破七选五题型的有效途径。一、段首挖空类该题型通常可以分为三种情况：1.通常是段落主题句。阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。2.与后文是并列、转折、因果等关系。阅读后文第一、二句，锁定线索信号词，在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后

2、的第一句之间是紧密衔接的，要注意它们之间的衔接手段，如时间年代的前后对应等。3.段落间的过渡句。要瞻前顾后找关系，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。 (2014·新课标)_39_This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that

3、can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.ATry new things.BAbility is easily improved.CMake three or four instead.DUnderstand your food better.ECooking is a burden for many people.FLe

4、t cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.GA little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.二、段中挖空类该题型是指在文章或段落的中间挖空，所挖掉的句子通常在语境和逻辑两方面和上下文有密切的关系，所以确定正确选项的方法是所选择的选项应该在语境方面和原文中的相关空白能够无缝衔接。在逻辑关系方面，要特别注意体现时间、原因、方式、转折、让步等逻辑关系的关联词，这些都是解决这类题型的重要信息。 (2014·新课标)Creativity True

5、creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it._38_There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.AEncourage kids to cook with you.BAnd we c

6、an't forget science education.CWe can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.DSo how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don't yet exist?EGardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.FWe can do this in real life or ask questions about charact

7、ers in stories.GBeing able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.三、段尾挖空类该题型通常有五种情况：1.通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论等的信号词，或前文的同义词句。2.与前文是转折或对比关系。注意在选项中查找表示此类关系的关联词，并对比前文，在内容和主题上是否存在这类关系。3.与前文是并列或排比关系。正确答案中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等。4.所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果选项中找不出与前文的关联，可考虑与下一段开头

8、是否有紧密连接。5.如果第一段的段尾是空白，要确认是否是主题句。通常文章第一段会点明文章的主题句，如果是在段尾，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来。 (2014·辽宁)Protect against UV rays(紫外线)Longterm stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes.No matter what the season is，it's extremely important to wear sunglasses._37_AEat your greens.BEye care should begin early in life.

9、CThey can properly protect your eyes.DStay in good shape by taking more vitamins.EParents usually don't care about their own eyesight.FAlways follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear.GThis frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.一、七选五命题特点、规律及解题策略随着高考改革的不断深化，英语试题中越来越

10、突出语用能力的考查。近年来，更多的省份增加了七选五的试题类型。该题型的阅读材料为一篇长度为150320词的短文，文中有五处空白，分别在各个段落的段首、段中或段尾。文后有七句话(均为完整句子)，要求我们根据文章结构、内容从短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空白处的最佳选项。由于给出的选项中，有的选项区分度不大，试题的难度比常规阅读试题有所增加，而且会出现由于一处误选导致多处错答的后果。七选五阅读填空不仅要求我们对所读短文的主旨要义、具体信息有所了解，更要能够把握全篇文脉和作者的谋篇思路。故此，所选材料通常是我们所熟悉的大众化话题，一般多为说明文，偶现议论文和记叙文。短文不会少于三个自然段，不会

11、在同一个自然段设两个以上的空白。文章的第一句不会设空(有小标题的题除外)。所留空白处一般是段落主题句、段落总结句、承上启下句、关键论点支撑句或全篇概括归纳句等。所给的七个选项中有两个选项与正确选项干扰性较大。(一)七选五体裁特点年份试题20152014201320122011新课标说明文说明文说明文说明文说明文新课标说明文说明文说明文2016年命题趋势：从上表可知，近年来七选五以说明文文体为主，所以在2016年，该题型的体裁方面仍然会以说明文为主，偶现记叙文或议论文。(二)七选五话题特点年份试题20152014201320122011新课标重建信任培养孩子技能经营生意克服压力的步骤儿童理财新课

12、标为马拉松做准备做饭小建议演讲培训2016年命题趋势：很明显，近年来七选五的话题都和学生的生活和常识密切相关，所以在2016年该题型仍会选用学生喜闻乐见的材料。(三)七选五短文、选项词数年份试题20152014201320122011短文245短文220短文149短文252短文237选项67选项76选项96选项70选项78短文151短文322短文210选项57选项48选项682016年命题趋势：从上表可以看出，近年来，短文词数最少是149，最多是252；选项词数最多是96，最少是57；总词数最多的是322，最少的是245。总的看来，该题型的总词数通常多在300左右。(四)七选五挖空特点年份试题

13、20152014201320122011段首2段首1段首0段首2段首1段尾0段尾0段尾2段尾1段尾0段中3段中4居中3居中2居中4段首0段首1段首2段尾0段尾1段尾0段中5段中3居中32016年命题趋势：通过上表可知，短文挖空的三个主要位置：文(段)首(9次；通常是主题句)、文(段)尾(4次；通常是主题句)、文(段)中(27次；通常是细节过渡)。在未来一年的高考中，该题型将继续体现这种挖空特点。为了提高七选五解题的正确率，下面为考生介绍若干基本的解题策略：(1)通读全文，勾勒连接词语，理清语段的句际关系。构成语段的各个句子之间存在句际关系，文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次

14、，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，但它们所表达的内容都是要围绕中心展开的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，这种语脉从逻辑意义上来看，存在并列、顺序(时间、空间)、递进、转折、总分、归纳、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。(2)利用关键词解题。一般空格的正确选项与紧邻的上下句都有明显的关键词在起作用，所以只要找出空格上一句或下一句当中的关键词，然后在七个选项中找出同样的关键词，就能准确地确定选项。(3)正确理解七个选项的内在含义，推测各项的使用语境。(4)从句意、语境包括语法功能及句子的长度来比较分析各选项。(5)适当采用排除法，根据文章的逻辑关系排除不恰当选项。二、

15、七选五题型和语篇结构(一)题型特点从题型和选项内容我们可以归纳出选项可分为三种类型：主旨概括(文章整体内容)过渡性句子(文章结构)注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。(二)语篇结构分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是七选五解题的关键。分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。语段与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落是在某些语体(如记叙文、议论文)中比语

16、段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句与句意义的结合，二是靠句与句的关联词、逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句与句的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句与句的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。三、七选五解题的三个切入点1从语境入手在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。2从词汇入手

17、做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。3从逻辑关系入手由于英语的句、段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性；而表示转折让步

18、关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立；而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。常见的关联词主要有：并列与递进关系：and，or，also，neither，nor，either，or，likewise，similarly，equally，in the same way，that is to say，as well as，the same as，besides，additionally，furthermore，moreover，in addition to，what is more等。因果关系：because，f

19、or，since，as，thus，hence，therefore，so，so that，consequently，accordingly，due to，thanks to，as a result，because of，in that，for this reason，of course等。转折关系：but，however，yet，on the contrary，by contrast，on the other hand，unfortunately，while，whereas，unlike，rather than，instead of，it is true that，of course，altho

20、ugh，though，even though，even if，nevertheless，despite，in spite of等。时间关系：afterwards，at first，at last，finally，first，firstly，in the first place，to start with，in the meantime，last，later，next，second，secondly，then，third，thirdly，to begin with等。四、七选五解题的五个小窍门1注意首段，掌握主旨。七选五是基于语篇理解的试题类型，所以掌握主旨大意利于又快又对地解题。2注意空前空后

21、句，找信号词。我们可以通过比较选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。3注意选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义、近义或相关性的词语，实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。4注意代词或定冠词。代词或定冠词可能会出现在空前空后句，也有可能出现在选项中，无论这些词出现在哪儿，我们一定要清楚句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所作的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们需要把这类句型对接到空前空后句和选项中。5注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要精读这句话的意思。对于不

22、同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的：当用why来提问时，回答时要有because等表原因的词；当用when来提问时，回答时要有表时间的状语；当用where来提问时，回答时要有表地点的名词；当用how来提问时，回答时要有方式状语等。五、“六步”突破七选五七选五阅读理解的题目常常出现以下几种情况：一是描述性结构，主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，因此时间、地点常是出题重点(记叙文)；二是释意性结果，解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用比喻、类比阐述(说明文)；三是比较性结构，把两个人或事物的功能、特点、优缺点进行对比(议论文)；四是原因性结构，主要分析事物的成因，有客观的、主观的，也有直接的、间接的(说明

23、文)；五是驳斥性结构，主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，再分析其优缺点、危害性，最后阐明自己的观点(议论文)。具体答题步骤如下：步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常有四个位置：标题，段首，段中，段尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。有时有的答案表述上就是错误的，可以直接从备选项中清除，以降低难度。请从下面几个备选答案中判断句子的位置(选项选自2011·辽宁)AFocus on the future.()BThis can be especially harmful to the aged.()CIt should be something

24、like learning gardening.()DSo take a few minutes each day to do some reading.()EBut don't worry if your schedule isn't filled with lifechanging events.()FLuckily，research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.()GIn other words，when you take care of your body，you take care of

25、 your brain.()步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。不同的文章有不同的结构形式，确定文章体裁有利于我们确定各段之间的关系。一般说来，记叙文的语言是按时间发展顺序或因果关系排列的，常用的连接词有：then，later，after that，soon，after a while，in the end，so，as a result，because of that等。说明文常采用总分总的结构形式，第一段说明要说明的主题，下面几段多是从不同的角度来说明问题，最后总结，所以各段之间多是平行关系，经常出现举例说明的现象。议论文先抛出议题，然后从正、反两个方面进行讨论，最后得出结论。

26、新闻体裁的应用文首句为主题句，下面展开细节性的报道。确定文章体裁有利于预测文章各段主要内容和结构形式，形成重要的选择依据。步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，说明文和议论文这样体裁的文章，每段的第一句多是主题句。找到主题句有助于帮助确定选择的范围，即所选句子必须和该段主题一致。另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。要真正体会句与句的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现。文章的衔接手段有

27、：重复使用某一词语或子范畴的词语，使用同义词表达，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复等。上述方法有助于段落的思路在句子之间平稳过渡。连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语融为一体。段落一致与句子衔接是文章连贯的两个必要因素。步骤五：区分相似项七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项，会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰，这时要特别细致地比对相似选项，方法和解答阅读理解时区分相似项一样。步骤六：用代入法，检查答案是否合理。将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴

28、切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。 (2015·新课标)Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences._1_ Trust is a risk.But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no respons

29、ibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately，we've all been victims of betrayal.Whether we've been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore._2_It's understandable，but if you're willing to build tru

30、st in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there._3_ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing._4_ If you've been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there'

31、s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”At some point in all of our lives，we'll have our trust tested or violated.You didn't lose “everything”Once trust is lost，what is left？Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you

32、still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life._5_ Instead，it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.ALearn to really trust yourself.BIt is putting confidence in someone.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DRemember that y

33、ou can expect the best in return.EThey've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.GSeeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened. (2015·新课标)Tra

34、ining for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs._1_，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of

35、each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit._2_.As always，you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day._3_，i

36、t is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run._4_.After two weeks，start timing yourself._5_.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.AAfter six daysBFor a good ma

37、rathon runnerCBefore you begin your trainingDWith each day，increase the distance by a half mileEIf they still feel good，you can begin running in themFTime spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingGNow you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time (2015·北京)This Way

38、 to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant，especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what's happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy._1_They annoy us because they seem to be ig

39、noring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history._2_ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling ov

40、er tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First，understand that some opportunities(机会)for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams._3_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you're daydreaming，try to do

41、 it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple，like taking a shower or walking，or even making meaningless drawings.It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”，being focused，is a tool that some people

42、use to avoid falling asleep._4_Finally，you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away._5_Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.AHaving interesting things to think about also helps.BThey stare off into space and

43、 wander by themselves.CWithout wandering minds，we wouldn't have relativity，Coke or Postit notes.DAt one time，daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.EIt involves slow，steady breathing for selfcontrol that helps people stay calm and attentive.FDaydreams are often very simpl

44、e and direct，quite unlike sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand.GTherefore，it's a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you're in the daydream zone. (2014·新课标)The jobs of the future have not yet been invented._1_ By helping them develop classic skills that wi

45、ll serve them well no matter what the future holds.1CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious._2_ Ask kids，“What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？” and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？What could we try next time?2Creativit

46、yTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it._3_ There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3Interpersonal SkillsUnderstanding h

47、ow others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know what's going on inside our own head，but what about others？Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions._4_ “Why do you think she's crying？” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking

48、 at his face？” “If someone were to do that to you，how would you feel？”4Self Expression_5_ There are many ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic，acting，drawing，building，photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.AEncourage kids to cook with you.BAnd we can't f

49、orget science education.CWe can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.DSo how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don't yet exist?EGardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.FWe can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in sto

50、ries.GBeing able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill. (2014·新课标)Tips for Cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience，there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often：ability，money，and time._1_Money is a topic I'll save for another day.So today I w

51、ant to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on tight schedule：1Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the comin

52、g week.When will you have time to cook？Do you have the right materials already？_2_2Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread？_3_It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So

53、 save yourself the effort for a future meal.3_4_This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try，t

54、he more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start._5_And don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!ATry new things.BAbility is easily improved.CMake three or four instead.DUnders

55、tand your food better.ECooking is a burden for many people.FLet cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.GA little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on. (2014·辽宁)Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life.Every waking moment，the eyes are working to see

56、the world around us.Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight，but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes.Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight：Schedule yearly exams._1_ Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months o

57、f age to the doctor for a careful check.The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment，including eyeglasses.Protect against UV rays(紫外线)Longterm stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes.No matter what the season is，it's extremely important to wear sunglasses._2_Give your eyes a break.Twothirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products._3_ Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule：every 20 minutes，take a 20second break and look at something 20 feet away._4_