高中英语语法复习专题讲解形容词副词Word版

1、高中英语语法复习专题讲解-形容词副词一、考点聚焦1、形容词、副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如w

2、ell、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。（5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。（6）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。如： We had a good tim

3、e together outdoors last Sunday.（7）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。（8）副词作定语，定语后置。如：The person there is waiting for you.（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。如：a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the

4、 mans first tow interesting little red French oil paintings（10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。表愿意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对be dead asleep dead

5、ly非常be deadly tired pretty相当be pretty certain that prettily漂亮地be prettily dressedclose近Dont sit close. closely密切地Watch closely! late晚、迟arrive late, come late lately最近I havent seen him lately(recently). 2、复合形容词的构成（1）形容词 + 名词 + edkind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的(2)形容词 + 形容词2 / 18 red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝

6、的（3）形容词 + 现在分词 good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的（4）副词 + 现在分 hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的（5）副词 + 过去分词hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的（6）名词 + 形容词life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的（7）名词 + 现在分词peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的（8）名词 + 过去分词snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的（9）数词 + 名词 + ed four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legg

7、ed 3条腿的（10）数词 + 名词（名词用单数ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的3、形容词和副词的比较等级（1）原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so (as)high as tha

8、t one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one.（2）比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。（3）比较级的用法。对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如： This room is less beautifu

9、l than that one.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。如：He works even harder than before.注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：She is better than she was yesterdayPlease come earlier tomorrow.另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后

10、面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越越”）。如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.

11、The girl becomes more and more beautiful.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。The book o

12、n the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.倍数表达法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is th

13、ree(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.(4)最高级的用法。三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高

14、级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the bigge

15、st.How much did the second most expensive hat cost?表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：He is the tallest(boy)in his class.作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词

16、，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)The film is most interesting.(most=very)表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。如：who is the older of the tow boys?在“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构中。在same前一般要加the。有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。（6）由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。 as much as + 不可数名词数量。Each stone weighs a

17、s much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.as many as + 可数名词数量 多达I have as a many as sixteen reference books.as early as早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.as far as远到；就而知（论）We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.As far as I know（就

18、我所知），he has been there before.may (might, could)as well不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here.as as can be到了最的程度，极其They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。as as one canHe began to run, as fast as he could.as as possibleJust get them to finish up as quickly as possible.(7)几组重要的词语辨析。very

19、和much的区别。（A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jacks attitude。(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interest

20、ing / worrying / exicting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 Theres far too little opportunity for adventure these days. Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.（E）关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：（a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite comp

21、letely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frighteni

22、ng。so that 与such that 的区别。so + 形容词 / 副词 + that so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so

23、 little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather。其他几组词的辨析。(A)ago、before: ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。(B)already、yet、still: already表

24、示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。(C)too、also、either: too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。(D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。(E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表“快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。(F)real、true:形容词表“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和

25、实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。 二、精典名题导解选择填空1. It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science.（NMET 2001）A. an art much as B.much an art asC. as an art much as D. as much an art as解析：答案为D。本题可从考查形容词的同级比较点入手。在同级比较asas句式中，

26、如果as后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时，该冠词须置于形容词之后，即形成“as + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + as”结构。这道题在名词专题中也有解析，不同的是观察视角不同，应注意培养发散思维。2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont speak the language.(NMET 2000)A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially解析：答案为D。本题考查副词的词义辨析。注意掌握词语的准确含义，结合语境

27、进行分析。A项意为“极端地”；B项意为“自然地”；C项“基本上”；D项“尤其，特别地”。根据句意“如果你不会讲（它的）语言，在国外你就总会困难重重”可知答案。3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _known for his plays.(NMET 1998)A. the best B. more C. better D. the most解析：答案为C。本题考查副词的比较级和最高级。要把握句式之间的联系，抓住句子的隐藏信息，结合语境进行分析。根据句意，句中but后应有一词组be well known for。

28、同时，应注意到前后两个分句把professor White的短篇小说和戏剧进行了对比，故应用well的比较级。英语中容易混淆的形容词和副词形容词用来修饰名词；副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。可是，有时形容词和副词容易混淆。例如“A fast train reached the destination fast”中的第一个“fast”是形容词，第二个就是副词。此外，有些词既能是形容词，也能是副词，有些词义不变，另些词义不同；有些形容词加上后缀“-ly”构成的副词和原来的形容词意思相近，但有一些意义则相差甚远；更有些形容词，除自己本身能兼而充当副词之外，又可以再加上后缀“-ly”构成

29、派生副词，若不小心，容易引起混淆。 下面分别举例说明： 可作形容词又可作副词，词义不同如： a. Joelle is a pretty child.（形容词）b. Tom will be back pretty soon.（副词）a. The old man has been ill for some time.（形容词b. Dont speak ill of others.（副词） 既是形容词，也是副词，句子中的语法功能不同，但意义一样，如： a. What a deep ocean it is !（深的） b. The boy dug deep into the ground.（深） a.

30、 Look at the high mountain!（高的） b. Birds fly high in the sky.（高） 形容词可以充当副词，又可以加上后缀，构成派生副词。在某些场合，两者相近，可以通用（如例和）；在另一些场合里，两者意思有异，不可混为一谈（如例和）：a. Hold it tight， please! b. Hold it tightly， please! a. Please read slower. b. Please read more slowly. a. John came late yesterday.（迟b. John has been working ha

31、rd lately.（最近） a. Jason works hard.（努力地） b. Susan hardly works.（几乎不） 有些形容词或副词，同时有多个意思，如： a. Hard labour（苦工） b. Hard times（艰难时代） a. The baby is fast asleep.（睡得熟） b. Run fast， please!（ 请快跑） c. Hold the rope fast!（紧握绳索） 同词根的派生形容词和形容词及分词间，意思虽甚接近，但容易引起混乱，如： 11a. The child is sleepy.（昏昏欲睡） b. The child is

32、 still asleep.（还在睡眠中）c. Why are you looking at the sleeping child?（睡着的） 12a. Diana feels lonely/ lonesome in the big house.（感到寂寞） b. Mary was alone in the office last night.（独自） 13a. Irene was awake the whole night last night.（整夜未眠） b. Tom had a wakeful night last night.（整夜未眠） c. What did you do dur

33、ing your waking hours last night?（醒着的时刻） (a)和(b)意思相近，但(a)的 awake 只能作补足语；(b)的 wakeful 则没有这个局限。(c)里的 waking 现在分词和(a)及(b)的两个形容词也似同非同，不易随意取代。高考英语比较级典型陷阱题分析典型陷阱题分析1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice.A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best 【陷阱】容易误选D，认为最高级前要用定冠词。【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A，

34、该句可视为I have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略，全句句意为“她唱得多好啊！我从未听过她这么好的声音”。请再看以下类似的实例：He is fine, never better. 他很好，比以往任何时候都好。This bird is really lovely. Ive never seen a finer one. 这只鸟真可爱，我从未见过这样好看的鸟。比较以下试题，情形也大致相同：(1)“Ive never found a better job.” “_.”A. I dont think so B. Too bad C. Co

35、ngratulations D. Dont worry 答案选C，Ive never found a better job可视为 Ive never found a better job than this job 之省略，句意为：我从来没有找到比这份工作更好的工作，即这是我所找到的最好的工作。(2)“What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, _. We couldnt have found a better place.”A. too bad B. sorry C. wonderful D. impossible答案选 C。We couldnt

36、 have found a better place 可视为We couldnt have found a better place than this place，其意为“我们不可能找到一个比这个地方更好的地方”，即“这是我们所能找到的最好的地方”。(3) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ.A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest答案选B，句意为“我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高”，即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高的”。 (4

37、) How cold it is! Weve never had _ this winter.A. the colder day B. a cold day C. the coldest day D. a colder day答案选D。句意为“今年冬天我们还从未遇上过这样冷的日子”。2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better D. the most【陷阱】容易误选D。【分析】此题首先不宜选B或D，因为 well

38、known 的比较级和最高级通常是 better known和best known，有时也可以是 more well known 和 most well known，但通常不能是 more known 和 most known。至于是选A还是C，这就要看语境。由于句中涉及的只有 stories 和 plays 两个对象，故应选比较级。3. You are _ careful than your brother. You two cant do the work that needs care and skill. A. not more B. no more C. not less D. no

39、 less【陷阱】容易误选A。 【分析】要做对此题，首先要正确理解以下结构的含义：not more than = 不如no more than = 和一样不 (否定两者)not less than = 不如不 (即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)no less than = 和一样 (肯定两者)比较以下各句的意思：You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。You are less

40、careful than he is. 你不如他仔细（你比他粗心）。You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细（你不如他粗心）。You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。通过以上分析，再结合句子语境，可知此题最佳答案为B。4. “Oh, how fat he is!” “But I think he is _ than fat.”A. short B. shorter C. more short D. shortest【陷阱】容易误选B。认为 short为单音节形容词，故用-er构成比较级。 【分析】其实正

41、确答案应是C。要弄清此问题，得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起：(1) 异类同质比较：即指两个不同的人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进行比较。如：My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。(2) 同类异质比较：即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较，这类句子常译为“(更多的)是，而不是”、“与其不如”等。如：He was more lucky than clever. 他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。She was mare sur

42、prised than angry. 她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。This is more a war movie than a western. 这更应当说是一部战争片，而不是西部片。按英语习惯，在进行同类异质比较时，只能用more构成比较级，不能用-er形式，即使是单音节词也是如此。比较级和最高级的常用句型 名称 句型 例句相等 as 原形 as (as 原形+名词 as ) The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.He has not as much money as his friend.不及 not as(so) 原形 as (not

43、 asso +名词+原形 as ) She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth.超越 the +比较级+of the two两者中较 的一个 He is the taller of the two.用于否定 no +比较级+than 和一样不 He is no richer than I.他和我一样不富有。用于否定 最不过 His work couldn't be worse.他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增 er and er，more and more

44、+多音节词原级 (越来越) higher and higher more and more important 两种情况同时变化 the +比较级，the+比较级（越，越） The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'll be able to leave.三者或三者以上比较 the +最高级+of/in+比较范围（之中最） Of all things in the world, people are the precious.比较级结构的修饰语1用于原级之前：almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half ,

45、 twice, three times , a third, etc.John is almost as tall as you.The river is three times as long as that one.We have a third as many students as we had last term.2用于比较级前many, a few (用于"more +可数名词"前) It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.a lot, much , a bit, even, a l

46、ittle , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent, three times etc.It's cold this year, but it's even colder last year.We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.3用于形容词和最高级前the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/secondThis hat is by far the largest in the wo

47、rld.Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .四、形容词的比较等级1.形容词原级的用法形容词的原级常用于"asas"及"not as(so)as"两种句型中.(1)句型"asas",表示两者相比较,程度相同.例如:The old man walks as fast as a young man.Science is as important as maths.This coat is as expensive as that one.(2)句型"not as(so)

48、as",表示两者相比较,前者不如后者.例如:I'm not as tall as Jack. She doesn't run so fast as I. This warship is not so big as that one.同级比较歌诀同级比较用原级,asas不分离;若是否定加not, asas否前者.(3)在使用"asas"与"not as(so)as" 结构时,应该特别注意"asas"或"not as(so)as"中间的形容词必须是原级.例如:(正)Today is as wa

49、rm as yesterday. (误)Today is as warmer as yesterday.(正)I'm not so careful as my brother. (误)I'm not so more careful as my brother.(4)需要注意的形容词的原级用法:"数词+times +as+形容词原级+as"(是的几倍).例如:This tree is twice as short as that one.My scores are three times as many as yours.This road is four t

50、imes as wide as that one."half +as+形容词原级+as"(的一半).例如:My English is not half as good as yours.This town is half as big as ours.The rivers in the north aren't half as many as those in the south. "asas"结构中,若形容词作定语修饰可数名词单数,不定冠词a(an)应置于形容词与名词之间.例如:English is as important a subject

51、 as maths.Uncle Wang is as good a man as my father.This is as famous a school as ours."asas"结构若指同一个人或物,则并无比较意义,而只是说明某人或某物具有两种性质.译为"又又"或"不但而且".例如:This computer is as good as it is cheap.The boy is as strong as he is brave.The city of Suzhou is as beautiful as it is clean

52、.2.形容词比较级的用法(1)表示两者之间比较时,用"形容词比较级+than"或"lessthan"两种句型.例如:Your mother looks healthier than before.I'm less interested in basketball than you.(2)形容词的比较级还可以用于以下句型中.more and more 越来越.例如:The park is getting more and more beautiful.China had become stronger and stronger.the moreth

53、e 越就越.例如:The more books we read, the cleverer we will become. The more trees, the better. 树越多越好.The sooner, the better. 越早越好.The more exercise we take, the healthier we are."the+比较级+of the two"两个中较的一个.例如:I'd like to go to the farther of the two places.She is the fatter of the two girls

54、."比较级+than any other+单数名词"比其他任何都.例如:Li Lei is taller than any other boy in his class. 李雷比他班上其他任何一个男孩都高.(暗指李雷最高)The population of China is larger than any other's in the world. 中国的人口比世界上其他任何国家的人口都多.(暗指中国人口最多)形容词比较级前还可以用much, a lot, far, even, still, a little, no, any等表示程度的词来修饰.例如:I feel

55、 a little better than yesterday.The job is far more difficult than before.3.形容词最高级的用法(1)三者或三者以上相比较,用"the+最高级+名词+范围"结构.例如:This is the cleanest place of the city.Hu Yun is the fastest of all the girls in our class.胡云是我们班女生中跑得最快的.(2)表示"最之一",用"one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词".例如:The

56、 Great Wall of China is one of the greatest buildings in the world.This is one of the most interesting books that I've ever read.注意 形容词最高级前面必须加定冠词the,但当形容词最高级前面有物主代词修饰时,则不加the.例如:(正)This is my best friend.(误)This is my the(the my) best friend.(正)Today is the happiest day of my life. (误)Today is

57、happiest day of my life.五、几种常见的形容词句型1.形容词+介词+名词(或代词或动名词)I'm not interested in playing computer games.My parents are pleased with my studies.2.It is(was)+形容词+of/for+名词(或代词)+不定式It's foolish of me to make such a mistake.3.形容词+不定式常用于这种句型的形容词有:able, sure, lucky, ready, happy, likely等.例如:She is sure to pass the exam. I'm lucky to meet you here.六、一些没有比较级的形容词在英语中,有很多形容词没有比较级和最高级形式,所以它们的语义只能用形容词的原级来表示.分类如下:(1)以-ly结尾的形容词,如daily(每日的),weekly(每周的),monthly(每月的),yearly(每年的),brotherly(兄弟般的),sisterly(姐妹般的)等.(2)表示事物性质,材料成分的形容词,如wooden(木制的),silken(丝制的),wooll