初中阶段一对一介词副词的用法

1、 一对一个性化教案学员姓名: 年 级： 日期： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 时间：课 题初中阶段代词、数词的用法授课日期 教学目的了解初中阶段数词、代词的基本用法教学内容英语代词的用法全归纳一、分类：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，不定代词，指示代词，疑问代词二、人称代词：1. 人称代词的分类：分为主格和宾格两种形式人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit2. 人称代词的用法（1）人称代词的主格在句中作主语。 I am a worker, I work in the factory.（2）人称代词的宾

2、格在句中作动词或介词的宾语，也可以用作表语。、 It's a heavy box, I can't carry it. It's me. Open the door quickly. She is always ready to help us.3. 人称代词的顺序:几个人称代词并列作主语时，顺序分两种情况：单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：二、三、一。即：youhe/sheI You, he and I are 18.复数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：一、二、三。即：weyouthey We, you and they are from China.注意：在下列情

3、况中，第一人称单数放在前面：（1）承担错误责任时。It was I and John that made her angry.（2）在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时。I and you try to finish it.4. 应注意的地方I在任何情况下都要大写。We, you, they均可用来泛指一般人，这时不必译为“我们，你们，他们”。She可用来代指国家，船只，大地，月亮等。 Can I help you? They say we are going to have a hot summer. China will always do what she promises to do.三、物

4、主代词1. 物主代词的分类我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs2. 物主代词的用法1）形容词性物主代词相当于形容词的作用，在句中修饰名词作定语，它后面要跟名词。 I love my country. Is this your car?2）名词性物主代词相当于名词的作用，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语，代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”，它后面不再跟名词。 Li Hua's bike is red, and yours is green. That car

5、is mine, not yours. His picture is better than mine.3）名词性物主代词可以用在of介词后面，相当于“of+名词所有格”，属双重所有格的一种形式。 Yesterday I met a friend of mine in the street.注意：1. 物主代词前不能有this，that，some，a, an, the等词修饰。 this my boook2. 在“拍、打、拉某人身体的某部分”句型中，虽然译文中有“我的，你的”之意，但英语中不能用物主代词而要用“动词+人称代词宾格+介词+the+部位”的结构。 He took me by the

6、 arm. hit sb. on the nose catch sb. by the arm hit sb. in the face 四、反身代词1. 反身代词的单复数形式：反身代词的第三人称是人称代词宾格加-self或-selves构成，其余各人称都是形容词性物主代词加-self或-selves构成。第一人称第二人称第三人称第三人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesthemselvesthemselves2. 反身代词的用法1）反身代词的基本用法是在句子中作宾语或表语。常用作动词enj

7、oy, teach, help, buy, hurt, be, look after后面或动词短语后及一些介词后。 I am teaching myself computer. Take good care of yourself.2）在句中作主语或宾语的同位语，用来加强语气，表示“亲自，本人”。 The child himself drew this picture. You should ask the children themselves.3. 反身代词常用在一些固定搭配中 过得愉快 enjoy oneself 自学teach / learn oneself sth. 为自己 for

8、oneself 请随便吃help oneself to sth. 自言自语say to oneself 独自 by oneself 不要客气make oneself at home 陶醉沉浸于lose oneself in 自己穿衣服dress oneself 照顾自己look after oneself注意：1. 反身代词不可作定语，如果想表示“属于某人自己的”时，多用“名词+of ones own”或“ones own+名词”的形式。 Children need toys of their own.2. 若宾语于主语指同一人，则反身代词作宾语；若宾语于主语不是指同一人，则用人称代词宾格作宾

9、语。 Did she buy herself a new watch? Did her father buy her a new watch?3. 反身代词表示动作回到主语本身，所以它应该与动作发出者在人称和数上保持一致。 The little boy is too young to look after himself.五、不定代词1. 初中阶段常用普通不定代词some, anyfew, littlenone, one, other, anothermany, mucheither, neithereach, everyboth, all2. 普通不定代词的用法(一) some与any都是表

10、示不定数量的代词，可以作主语、宾语或定语。可以接可数名词复数或不可数名词。1. some 肯定句 I have some questions to ask you. any 否定句/ 疑问句/ 条件状语从句. Have you any books?2. some 也可以用于疑问句中表示请求、建议，希望得到肯定答复。 Would you like some coffee?3. any用于肯定句含有“任何”的含义。You can choose any book you like.(二)few / a few & little / a little  肯定否定可数a fewfew不

11、可数a littlelittle当前面由only 修饰，常用 a few 或a little . a little 可表示“有点，稍微”Dont worry .There is a little time left . You are so great! Few people in the school can do it.(三) each everyeach (常与of连用)every两者或以上的每一个人或物，侧重个体。可修饰单数可数名词，也可单独使用或与of连用，作主语是谓语动词用单数。三者或以上每一个人或物，侧重整体。不能单独使用，只能作定语，后接单数可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数。e

12、very other 每隔Eg: every other day 每隔一天 = every two daysEach student has an English-Chinese dictionary.Each of the students has an English-Chinese dictionary.Every student has an English-Chinese dictionary.(四)none, no onenoneno one没有什么人 / 物“没有人” 只能指人回答 how many 问句回答who问句none of + 复数名词 / them 谓语用单数

13、0; How many people are there in the room? None. Who is in the room? No one.（五）either neither both all none1)both代表或修饰两个人或物，可构成bothand结构，表示“两者都” Both of them are good at math. Both Li Lei and Jiang Hui have been to Hong Kong.2)neither表示两者都不，可构成neithernor结构，表示既不也不 Either表示两者中的任何一个，构成eitheror结构，表示或者或者

14、Neitherof the girls knows him. They asked him for name card. Either Tom or the twins know the way to the shop. Neither you nor I am a scientist.3)all表示三者或三者以上都，none表示三者或三者以上都不。None代替可数名词作主语时谓语动词既可以是单数也可以说复数，代替不可数名词作主语时谓语动词只能用单数。 All the flowers are gone. None of the students are/is late today.4)both

15、+复数名词可与either、each+单数名词互换。 There are lots of shops on both sides(either/each side) of the streets.5)both, all作主语时，若与否定的谓语动词连用，则表示部分否定，译为不都是。 Not both of them are beautiful. = Both of them are not beautiful.（六）another, the other, otherAnother表示别的，另一个，泛指众多中的一个。Would you like another apple?The other 表示

16、两个中的另一个，其复数形式为the others. 常用于onethe other(s); someothers结构中。He has three children. One is a girl, the others are boys.Other(others)泛指别的，其他的. 3. 常见复合不定代词SomebodyAnybodyNobodyEverybodySomeoneAnyoneNo oneEveryoneSomethingAnythingNothingEverything4. 复合不定代词的用法1)当形容词或else修饰不定代词时，不定代词用于所修饰词之前。There is noth

17、ing new in his speech. Did she tell you anything else?2）当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词，其反意疑问问句的主语通常用代词they代替；但句子的主语是指物的复合不定代词时，其反意疑问问句的主语通常用代词it代替。Everyone is here, arent they? Everything begins to grow in spring, isnt it?3）everyone相当于everybody，只用来指人，不能和of连用，every one既可以指人，也可以指物，还可以和of连用构成短语。Id like everyone to c

18、ome to my party. I have kept every one of her letters.六、指示代词及其用法单数复数this 这个these 这些that 那个those 那些1. this和these指时间或空间较近的人或物，也指下文将要提到的事，还可以用来介绍别人；that和those指时间或空间较远的人或物，也指刚刚提到过的事。This is my notebook and that is yours. This is my friend, Tom.2. 打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。This is Sally speaking. Is that L

19、inda?3. that常用于比较机构中，代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词；若前面提到的是复数名词，则用those代替。The weather in Guangdong is much warmer than that in Beijing in winter.The apples on the tree are bigger than those on that one.活学活用1. Look! Whats _ in the sky? It looks like a kite. A. this B. that C. those D. these2. The pears in my bask

20、et are smaller than _ in Jims. A. it B. ones C. that D. those七、疑问代词疑问代词主要用法例句who作主语，表语，宾语Who is here just now?whomWho的宾格形式，作宾语Whom are you looking for?whoseWho的所有格形式，作定语Whose exercise-book is this?what/whoWhat询问某人的职业What is your father? He is a worker.Who询问某人的身份，姓名Who is the boy under the tree? He i

21、s Li Ming.what/whichWhat指不定数目中的“哪一个，哪一些，什么”，没有一定范围的限定What would you like ?Which哪一个，指在一定范围内特指的人或物Which one do you like, this one or that one?活学活用1. Excuse me,_ is the way to the nearest supermarket? A. where B. why C. which D. who2. Could you tell us _ to do next? Nothing more. Lets have a rest. A. w

22、hat B. why C. when D. how3. _ does your mother do? She is a worker. A. where B. what C. how D. who八、代词it的用法1. 指代前面提到的事物。The book on the desk is not mine. It is Jims.2. 代替指示代词this或that。Whats that? It is a pencil.3. 指婴儿或不明身份的人。Who is shouting in the classroom? It must be Tom.4. 表示时间、距离和天气。Whats the we

23、ather like today? Its sunny.5. 用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中： Its time to do sth. /for sth. /that从句 Its +adj. + for/of sb. + to do sth. It seems that Its ones turn to do sth. Its + adj. +that从句6. 作形式宾语 Do you think it difficult to learn English? I find it easy to surf the Internet.7. 引导强调句 It is/was +被强调部分+that/w

24、ho+其他成分 It was on that cold night that we saw an exciting film.活学活用1. _ was on Tuesday that Mr. Green gave us the speech. A. That B. This C. It D. Time 2. _ is important for us to learn English well. A. That B. This C. It D. He3. There is someone at the door. Can you go and see who _ is? A. That B.

25、They C. It D. She 知识网络及例题讲解数词一、分类：基数词，序数词，分数，小数，百分数。二、基数词用于表示事物数量的词，叫基数词。如：two bridges 两座桥，twenty soldiers 20个战士。1.基数词的词形(1)从 1 到 12 是独立的数词：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。(2)从 13 到 19：在个位数后-teen。thirteen, fifteen,eighteen, nineteen(3)从20到90的各整十位数都以-ty结尾。twe

26、nty, thirty,fifty, eighty, ninety(4)20到100之间的其余的两位数，要在十位和个位之间加连字符号“-” 。 twenty-five, thirty-two, ninety-eight(5)百位以上的数词，要在百位和十位(没有十位则和个位)之间加and。 101：one hundred and one 258：two hundred and fifty-eight 基数词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语和同位语。 Two of them are workers from China. (作主语) -How many pieces of bread do y

27、ou want? -I want two. (作宾语) His daughter is only five. (作表语) The four students didn't pass the exam. (作定语) There are twenty two boy students in our class. (作定语) 基数词与名词连用表示编号。Lesson Eight 第八课 Class One, Grade Three 三年级一班Room 102 102号房间No.4 Middle School 四中 38 Changan Street 长安街38号Bus No.10 10路公共汽

28、车Tel. No. 6850,3258 电话号码：6850，3258 数词复数表示年龄和年代、月份和日期。 表求确切年龄注意：年代是四位数时，各分成二位来读：19 98年：读作：nineteen ninetyeight。日期按序数词读：7月10日读作July tenth。 表示年代或人的不确切岁数，用几十的复数形式in the 1960s二十世纪六十年代 in ones +数词复数在某人几十多岁in the forties 在40年代 The old man is now in his eighties. 表示年、月、日in 1992 在1992年；in June, 1966 在1966年6月

29、；on July 28, 1978 在1978年7月28号 基数词用于表示时间。 表示时间有两种方法：l 表示“几点过几分”，30分钟之内用介词past。八点十分ten past eight 九点一刻 a quarter past nine 1230 half past twelvel 表示“几点差几分”，30分钟之内(不包括30分整)，用介词to。(750) ten to eight (845) a quarter to nine (1250) ten to onel 也可以按照时刻表直接读数字。 二点四十two forty 五点半five thirty 七点一刻seven fifteen

30、九点零五nine 0 five三、序数词 表示数目的顺序或事物的位置的词，叫作序数词。1.序数词的形式 l 从第一到第三为独立的特殊形式 first, second, third.l 从第4到第19 以基数词加“th”构成：fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenthl 第20以上的的序数词 从20到90等以ty 结尾的十位整数，把 y 改

31、成i再加 “eth”构成序数词twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixt ieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetiethl 100的序数词为：hundredth。l 其余的两位或多位数，只将个位改成序数词 ，其余仍用基数词表示：twenty-first, thirty-second, fortythird two hundred and ninth-eighth(第298)注意：fifth, ninth, twelfth与原基数词拼写不同。序数词的缩写形式为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母组成。122nd(第122)

32、，38th(第38)，281st(第281) 2983rd(第2983)，1320th(第1320)基变序口诀基变序，有规律，词尾要加th 。一二三，特殊记，词尾分别tdd。八去t ，九去e。五和十二ve要用f替。整十数y尾变ie，再加th莫忘记。若遇几十几，只变个位就可以。2.序数词的用法(1)序数词可以作主语、宾语、表语、状语和定语The second is better than the first. (作主语)He has built five bridges since 1950, now he is starting on the sixth . (作宾语)Mary is the

33、first to complete the test paper in her class. (作表语) She always comes first. (作状语)This was the first time he came to China. (作定语)序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the ；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a 或an时,则表示“再", “又"。You can do it a second time. (作定语)(2)序数词可以表示日期。It's September the first today. It happened on Septembe

34、r 18th, 1931. (3)序数词可以表示编号。the twelfth lesson (=Lesson12) 第十二课 the second paragraph (=Paragraph Two) 第二段the fourth Middle School (=No.4 Middle School) 第四中学 the thirty eighth room(=Room 38) 第38号房间 the tenth page (Page 10)第10页活学活用1. Mothers Day is on _ Sunday of May. A. two B. second C. the second2. H

35、e celebrated his _ birthday not long ago. A. thiry-nine B. thirty-nineth C. thirty-ninth D. fourtieth3. How many times have you been here? This is my _ visit. A. four B. the four C. fourth D. the fourth四、数词的特定表示法和读法(1) 分数表示法 分数的构成分数的构成分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子如果大于1，则分母序数词一般都用复数形式。1/2：a (one) half, 1/3：a (one

36、) third, 1/4：a quarter， 2/5：two fifths, 3/4：three quarters， 1/25：a twenty fifth, 1/100：a hundredth， 3/100：three hundredths, 5/1000：five thousandths带分数的整数和分数之间须用and连接： three and a half 读作 five and a quarter注意：表示“某一整体的几分之几”，使用：分数+of+the+名词。She spent one third of her salaries yesterday. One half of the

37、 students are foreigners. They have covered three fifths of the distance. (2)小数表示法小数只能用基数词表示。其中小数点读作point，零读作zero；小数点之后按数字依次读出；整数部分为零时，可以省略不读。0.9：zero point nine 或 point nine 3.58：three point five eight 0.016：0 point 0 one six8.025：eight point 0 two five 99.87：ninety nine point eight seven(3)百分数表示法%

38、读作percent 18%：eighteen percent 0.6%：zero point six percent 99.9：ninety nine point nine percent 0.05%：0 point 0 five percent注意：“多少又一半”的表达法:基数词 + and + a half +名词复数 = 基数词 +名词(单数/复数) +and +a half half an hour半小时two and a half hours  = two hours and a half 倍数倍数+as+形(副)原级+as I have three times as ma

39、ny as you. 倍数+形(副)比较级+than This fish is 3 times heavier than that one.序数词与冠词a/an连用。序数词前加不定冠词a/an, 表示“又一”、“再一”的意思。如：Please try it a second time. 但基数词与more连用，并放在more前，表示“另外有”、“还有”的意思。如：Ill take one more (=another) pencil.活学活用A.1. We ve just started! There were twenty more trees to be planted! _ of the

40、 land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifths, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifth, is D. Two fifths, are2. About _ of the worker in the factory were born in the _.A. two-thirds, 1970 B. two-thirds, 1970s C. two-third, 1970 D. two-third, 1970s3. _ of the warm water _ already been

41、 used up.A. Two third, has B. Two third, have C. Two thirds, has D. Two thirds, haveB.1. Do you have enough students to clean the laboratory? No, Ithink we need _ students.A. another B. two others C. more two D. two more2. Who helped Jessie with her English?_. She taught herself.A. nobody B. somebody C. nobody D. everybody3. We are sure that our football players will do _ best.A. their B. they C. them D. t