必修4Unit_1_Women_of_achievement_Grammar_主谓一致

1、 Unit1 Women of achievement GrammarSubject-Verb Agreement 主谓一致主谓一致What is S-V agreement? 用动词的适当形式填空用动词的适当形式填空1. I _ a teacher. (be)2. He _ good at swimming. (be)3. You _ late for school again. (be) 4. They _ many new books. (have)5. She _ two sisters. (have)amisarehavehas根据主语决定与其一致的单数或复数的谓语根据主语决定与其一

2、致的单数或复数的谓语主主谓谓一一致致主谓一致是指主谓一致是指谓语谓语在在人称人称和和数数上必须和上必须和主语主语的的人称人称和和数保持一致数保持一致。这是英语语。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。汉语区别很大的地方。 主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：二、意义一致二、意义一致三、就近原则三、就近原则一、语法一致一、语法一致按主语的语法形式（单复数）按主语的语法形式（单复数）确定谓语的形式。确定谓语的形式。1、主语单数，谓语单数；、主语单数，谓语单数； 主语复数，主语复数，谓语复数。谓语复数。The build

3、ing looks beautiful.The buildings look beautiful.The mice _ (eat) the bread. Two mice _ (dance) in the party.is eattingare dancing2. 当当everyone, everybody, everything, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, someone, somebody, something, (none除外除外)等等不定代词及不定代词及each, the other，another，one，

4、neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用作主语时，谓语动词用单数单数形式形式。egeg： NothingNothing in the box in the box isis mine. mine. Everything you own _ (is/are) given Everything you own _ (is/are) given by your parents.by your parents. Anyone that _(behave) like a Anyone that _(behave) like a child _ innocent.child _ innocent.

5、isisbehavesbehavesisis语法一致语法一致None None 作主语时，谓语动词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数可用单数也可也可以用以用复数复数；但在；但在代表不可数的代表不可数的东西时总东西时总是看作单数，因而谓语动词要是看作单数，因而谓语动词要用单数用单数。3. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或连接两个或两个以上单数名词或 代词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两种代词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两种 情况：情况： 1). and连接两个或两个以上连接两个或两个以上不同不同的人或的人或 物作主语时，谓语动词用物作主语时，谓语动词用复数复数。例如：。例如：He and I are both

6、students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。我和他都是这个学校的学生。 Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不饶人。岁月不饶人。2)由由and连接的连接的两个并列两个并列主语指主语指同一个人或同一个人或物物，谓语动词用，谓语动词用单数单数，这时，这时后面的名词后面的名词没有冠词没有冠词。如果。如果后面的名词有冠词，谓后面的名词有冠词，谓语动词用复数语动词用复数。1).The worker and writer _ our school today.( visit )2).The worker and the writer _ to

7、the meeting . (have come / has come )have comevisits a knife and fork一副刀叉一副刀叉; bread and butter加黄油的面包加黄油的面包; coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡加牛奶的咖啡; salt and water 盐水盐水 a needle and thread针线针线; a horse and cart四轮马车四轮马车; a watch and chain表链表链; war and peace战争与和平战争与和平; truth and honesty; 4. every and (every),eac

8、h and (each) ,no and (no) ,many a and (many a)连接两个单数名词作主语连接两个单数名词作主语,谓谓语动词用单数语动词用单数。Every pen and every book _ ( lay ) on the desk already.Many a boy and many a girl _ interested in her lesson.has been laid is 语法一致语法一致1.Many a boy _ made such a funny experiment. A. have B. are C. has D. is 2.Every m

9、eans _ been tried since then. A. has B. were C. was D. has been3.Each actor and (each) actress_ invited to our school. (is /are) 4.Every boy and (every) girl _ got a toy train. (has/have) 5.No teacher and no student _ to have classes on Sunday. (agree/agrees)ishasagrees5. “many a +单数名词单数名词 /more tha

10、n one+单数名词单数名词 /one and a half +单数名词单数名词”作主语，作主语， 谓语动词用谓语动词用单数。单数。eg:1.) Many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall.2.)More than one student has turned up at the meeting.3.) One and a half banana was eaten by the boy.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致6. “A/An + 单数名词单数名词 + or two” 作主语时，作主语时， 谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数； “One or t

11、wo + 复数名词复数名词” 作主语时，作主语时， 谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数。如：。如： A day or two is enough for this work.One or two days are enough for this work.A man or two is to be sent there to help them.One or two men are to be sent there to help them.语法一致语法一致 “A/That/This kind/sort/type/form of + 复数名复数名词词” 作主语时，谓语动词用作主语时，谓语动词用单数单

12、数； kinds或或“复数名词复数名词 + of this kind/a kind/sort” 作主语时，谓语动词用作主语时，谓语动词用复数复数。如：。如：This kind of apples was imported from America.Apples of this kind were imported from America. each of/either of./one of/every one谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数.none of/neither of可单可单可复可复，根据说话人的意思决定；，根据说话人的意思决定；*但代表但代表不不可数可数名词时，用名词时，用单数单数.

13、eg: 1.)None of us are/is perfect. 2.) Neither of them know/knows the answer. 3.) None of this worries me. /None of this money is mine.*neither作形容词时与单数名词连用，作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。 Neither statement was true.语法一致语法一致意义一致原则意义一致原则 所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而而是

14、其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却但在意义上却是单数。是单数。1. 表示表示时间、金钱、距离、度量时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作等名词作主语主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动词时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动词用单数。如：用单数。如： Thirty years is not a long time. 30年的时间并不长。年的时间并不长。 Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 两个小时对我来说

15、完成这项工作足够了两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。意义一致意义一致2.不定式，动名词或名词性从句不定式，动名词或名词性从句作主语时作主语时，谓语动词用单数。，谓语动词用单数。Eg:1.) Serving the people is my great happiness.2.)When we deliver the goods hasnt been decided.3.)When and where we will go hasnt been decided.意义一致意义一致注意注意（1）由由and连接的两个疑问词，接同一连接的两个疑问词，接同一个动词不定式或同一个句子作主语时，谓语个动词不

16、定式或同一个句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。动词用单数。eg：1.Where to find him and how to find him _unknown to us.2.How and why he had to come to New York _ a story of success.isis意义一致意义一致* （2）由）由and连接两个从句并说明两件事连接两个从句并说明两件事情，谓语动词用复数。情，谓语动词用复数。What he said and what he did are different.1).To hold the Olympic Games_ a great honor

17、 for a country. (be) 2). Choosing what to eat _ no longer as easy as it once was.isis*（3）但当但当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是引导的句子做主语，若后面是 “be +名词名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化的结构时，谓语随名词变化。Eg: 1.)What you did was right. 2.)What you need are these dictionaries.意义一致意义一致3. 集体名词如集体名词如: group, class, company, government, family, army

18、, enemy, team, public, crowd, audience，committee （委员会）等作主语时，如果强调（委员会）等作主语时，如果强调整体整体，谓语用谓语用单数单数，如果强调，如果强调个体（其中的各个体（其中的各个成员）个成员）就用就用复数。复数。His family is not large. 他的家不是一个大家庭。他的家不是一个大家庭。His family are all football players. 他家的人都他家的人都是足球而运动员。是足球而运动员。 意义一致意义一致1.Our class _ on the fourth floor. Our class

19、_ out.2.The crew _ made up of able men. The crew _ busy with their work.3.My family _ not large My family _ watching TV. isisareareisare4.population 作为作为”人口人口”讲时，为讲时，为集合集合名词，单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数。名词，单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：例如：The population of China is large than that of Japan.(2)如果如果population前有前有分数或百分数分数或百分数修饰

20、作修饰作主语时，谓语动词用复数。主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：例如：Three fourths of the population are famers.(3)形容人口多少用形容人口多少用large/small 某地区的人口有多少，用某地区的人口有多少，用has a population of 询问人口多少用询问人口多少用Whats the population of意义一致意义一致5. 有生命的集体名词有生命的集体名词cattle, people, the police, 表示复数意义谓语动词用复数表示复数意义谓语动词用复数.people 作作“民族民族”讲时，谓语动词用单讲时，谓语动词用单

21、数。（多个名族用数。（多个名族用peoples)1.The police _ searching for the lost child.2.The cattle _ eating grass.3.The Chinese people _ a brave and hard-working one.areareIS意义一致意义一致6. the + adj. / p.p 结构作主语结构作主语指人指人时时, , 谓语动谓语动词用词用复数复数, , 但如果指但如果指事物事物，一种抽象概念一种抽象概念或或个别人个别人时时, , 用谓语动词用单数用谓语动词用单数. .指人这类词有指人这类词有: the br

22、ave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等等; the beautiful, the truth等。等。vThe scissors are sharp.vThe beautiful is the ideal of life.意义一致意义一致这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,与与名词名词man, person 或表示人的单数连用或表示人的单数连用。例如。例如: an old

23、 man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.1.The old _ taken good care of by the government.2.The injured _ taken to hospital immediately.3.The beautiful _(give) pleasures to all of us.arearegives7. 名词如名词如trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；如果主语部分有数；如果主语部分有pai

24、r of 等短语时，等短语时，谓语动词的数要和谓语动词的数要和pair等词保持一致。等词保持一致。Eg: A pair of shoes is on the bed.这类词有：这类词有：a suit of three glasses of many boxes of 意义一致意义一致8. news等词尾含等词尾含s的单数名词的单数名词作主语，动词用作主语，动词用单数单数形形式；式；Men等词尾等词尾不含不含s的复数名词的复数名词作主语，动词用作主语，动词用复复数形式。数形式。（1）s 结尾的单数名词结尾的单数名词news;以以-ics结尾的学科名称结尾的学科名称如如physics, polit

25、ics, maths.国名如国名如the United States; 报报纸名如纸名如the New Times; 书名如书名如Great Expectations(远大前程远大前程)；人名人名James;以及以及the United Nations作主语时，谓语动词用单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Here is some news for you. 这儿有些给你的消息。这儿有些给你的消息。The United States is an English-speaking country.意义一致意义一致(2)那些词尾没有那些词尾没有s 的复数名词。的复数名词。 Children, men,

26、 women, mice, oxen等，谓语动词用复数。等，谓语动词用复数。Eg:There are a lot of children in the park today.(3)表示山脉、群岛、瀑布、奥运会等名称的表示山脉、群岛、瀑布、奥运会等名称的专有名词，常视为复数，谓语动词用复数形专有名词，常视为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。式。 The Niagara Falls are on the south side of the lake.The Olympic Games are held every fourth year.意义一致意义一致9. 单复同行单复同行的名词作主语，要根据意义一致的

27、名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则采用单数或复数形式的动词。的原则采用单数或复数形式的动词。（1）常见的（词尾无常见的（词尾无-s）的单复同行的名词）的单复同行的名词有：有：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, aircraft 等等。等等。This sheep is mine and those sheep are mine, too.(2) 其他（词尾有其他（词尾有-s的）单复同行的名词有：的）单复同行的名词有： means; works, series (系列系列)， species.Every possible means has been use

28、d to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.意义一致意义一致1.One sheep _ enough.2.Ten sheep _ missing.3.Every means _ tried.4.All means _ tried.isisareare10. 由分数或百分数或由分数或百分数或a lot of, lots of, plenty of, half of, the rest of, some of, most of, all of , percent of, (a) part of , none of,

29、the majority of +名词名词作主语时，作主语时，谓语动词的形式与谓语动词的形式与of 后面的名词的数一致后面的名词的数一致 意义一致意义一致1.Lots of damage _ caused by fire.2. Some students _ planting trees. The rest of them _ watering them.3.A number of the students_ gone for an outing. (is/ are)4.The number of the students_ increasing year after year. (is/ar

30、e)5. All of your work _well done.(is/are)6. All of your answers _ correct.(is/are)was areareareis is are7. 70 percent of the surface _covered with water.（is/are)8. 70 percent of the farmers _ improved their living conditions. (have/has)9. The rest of his journey _ pleasant.(was/were)10. The rest of

31、the girls _ fond of music.( is /are)ishavewasare11. 定语从句谓语单复数形式与定语从句谓语单复数形式与先行词先行词一致。一致。Beijing is the city that _ (has/have)got the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.Halloween is a day which _ (is/are)also called the eve of All Saints Day.Rose and Jack are the lovers who _ (is/ are ) going on a

32、 trip to Britain.hasisare意义一致意义一致注意注意：定语从句中：定语从句中,“one of +复数名词复数名词+定语从句定语从句”从句的谓语动词从句的谓语动词复数复数。 若在若在one of 前有前有the, the only, the very修饰时，从修饰时，从句的谓语动词则用句的谓语动词则用单数单数。Eg:1.)She is one of these women who _the violin well.2.)She is the one of these women who _the violin well.playplays3.)Tom is one of t

33、he students who _ good at playing football.4.)Tom is the only one of the students who _ good at playing football.isare意义一致意义一致12.such作主语时，作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其谓语动词的单复数根据其意义而定意义而定。例如：例如：1.Such _ what he said.2.She wants to have a big bed and many toys, such _ her wishes.wasare意义一致意义一致1.1.用用here, there, wh

34、ere等引导的倒装句等引导的倒装句中，谓语动词与中，谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上靠近它的主语在数上一致。一致。1. There _ three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. (is / are )2.There _ a desk, a table and three chairs in the room. (is / are )3.There _ a pen and two books.4.There _ two books and a pen.5.Here _ a pen and a few books.6. Here _ a few

35、books and a pen.7.There _(stand) a large buildings.8.In our hometown, there_ (live) 2000 peopleisisarearestandsliveisare2.eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also，notbut，or连接连接两个主语，谓语动词通常和两个主语，谓语动词通常和邻近的主语邻近的主语一致一致。1. Either the girl or the boy _ from Canada. (is /are)2. Not only the door but also the w

36、indows _ open. (is /are)3. Neither you nor I _ the answer. (knows/know) 4. Not you but I _wrong. (am/ are/ is)5.You or he _ to take part in the competition. (is/are)isareknowamisnWe Chinese _ a hard-working people Ais Bare Cis being Dare being这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表致（即

37、谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。主语后面带有主语后面带有由由with, along with, together with, like, but /except, besides, as well as, more than, no less than, rather than, including, in addition to 引导的短语，其谓引导的短语，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。My sister

38、together with/along with/with/as well as/besides my parents has gone to Beijing. The book, including ten science stories, sells well. The teacher with two students _ at the meeting . (was / were)2. A woman with a baby in her arms _ waiting for the bus in the rain. Awas Bwere Chas Dhave3. E-mail, as

39、well as the telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. playwas4）A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered5）Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. hav

40、e known D. is known “the number of +复数名词复数名词”或或 “the quantity /amount of +复数名词复数名词/不可数不可数名词名词” 作主语时作主语时, 谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数。 （的数目的数目/数量）数量）The number of students in you class is 50.The quantity of books in the library is amazing.2. a (large) number of + 名词复数名词复数 谓语动谓语动词用词用复数复数 (大量的大量的/ 若干若干) A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50.3. large/huge quantities/amounts of + 名名词词复数或不可数名词复数或不可数名词，谓语动词用，谓语动词用复复数数 （大量的）（大量的） Large quantities of money have been wasted on the project. Large amounts of time have been