汽车专业英语幻灯片Chapter5Clutch3.13.2

1、chapter 3 power trainreview 1: whats the main function of chassis? conveys the drive to the wheelsabsorbs the road shockscontrols the direction of movementslows down the vehicleprovides the support for automotive components3.1 overview of power trainchapter 3 power trainreview 2: list the main parts

2、 of chassis.power trainrunning gearsteering systembraking systemchapter 3 power trainpower train1clutch 2transmission 3uj (universal joints) 4drive shaft 5final drive 6differential 7half-shaftchapter 3 power trainrunning gear1front axle 2rear axle 3suspension4frame 5wheelchapter 3 power trainsteerin

3、g system1steering wheel 2steering axle 3steering gear/box4steering knuckle 5track rodchapter 3 power trainbraking systemchapter 3 power trainreview 3: list the types of chassis layout.ff = front engine front drivefr = front engine rear driverr = rear engine rear drivemr = middle engine rear driven w

4、d = all wheel drivechapter 3 power trainff=front engine front driveadvantages:1. lower floor gives good cornering and low car gives small air resistance2. short car3. flat floor, no propeller shaft tunnel or gearbox protrusions4. majority of weight at front gives good grip and good cornering disadva

5、ntages:1. complicated structure and technology2. high cost3. hard to serviceapplication: saloon car (br. e.)= sedan (am. e.)chapter 3 power trainfr=front engine rear driveadvantages: 1. fairly even load applied to each wheel 2. main components easily removed 3. simple type of universal joint is used

6、 disadvantages: 1. low efficiency 2. big weight 3. the height of floor is limitedapplication: most trucks, some saloon cars, some buseschapter 3 power trainrr=rear engine rear driveadvantages: 1 large load on driving wheels gives good grip 2 compact layout, short cardisadvantages: 1. remote operatin

7、g system is complicated located 2. engine cannt prevent dust well 3. hard to serviceapplication: heavy and middle passenger carschapter 3 power trainmr=middle engine rear driveadvantages: 1. concentrative weight 2. high efficiency 3. good handling propertiesdisadvantages: 1. engine needs special des

8、ign 2. hard to service 3. complicated remote operating systemapplication: most sports carschapter 3 power trainn wd=all wheel driveadvantages: 1. fairly even load applied to each wheel 2. each tire is evenly abraded 3. best cross-country capability disadvantages: 1. complicated structure and high co

9、st 2. hard to service 3. big weight and low efficiencyapplication: jeep and cross-country vehicleschapter 3 power trainreview 4: list the drive line of a fr automobile.chapter 3 power trainreview 5: whats the function of clutch?3.2 clutchit disengages the engine from the transmission to allow for ge

10、ar changing.it is a means for gradually engaging the engine to the driving wheels.chapter 3 power train. dry friction clutch when a vehicle is to be moved from rest the clutch must engage a stationary transmission shaft with the engine; this must be rotating at a high speed to provide sufficient pow

11、er or else the load will be too great and the engine will stall (come to rest). 当汽车原地起步时，离合器要将静止的变速器轴同当汽车原地起步时，离合器要将静止的变速器轴同发动机接合起来，此时发动机必须高速旋转以提供发动机接合起来，此时发动机必须高速旋转以提供足够大的功率，否则载荷过大将引起发动机熄火。足够大的功率，否则载荷过大将引起发动机熄火。chapter 3 power trainto start the engine, the driver must depress the clutch pedal. this

12、 disengages the transmission from the engine. to move the car, the driver must reengage the transmission to the engine. however, the engagement of the parts must be gradual. an engine at idle develops little power. if the two parts were connected too quickly,the engine would stall.为了起动发动机，驾驶员必须踩下离合器

13、踏板，使为了起动发动机，驾驶员必须踩下离合器踏板，使变速器与发动机分离为了使汽车运行，驾驶员必变速器与发动机分离为了使汽车运行，驾驶员必须使发动机和变速器重新结合这些部件必须渐进须使发动机和变速器重新结合这些部件必须渐进的结合在一起发动机空转时产生的功率很小，如的结合在一起发动机空转时产生的功率很小，如果两个部件很快的结合，发动机将熄火。果两个部件很快的结合，发动机将熄火。chapter 3 power traincoil springdiaphragm springreview 6: list the types of clutch spring.coil spring clutchdiap

14、hragm spring clutchchapter 3 power train(pressure plate)throwout bearing 分离轴承分离轴承basic words离合器从动盘离合器盖压盘离合器分离叉离合器分离轴承毂clutch housing(us english) = clutch platechapter 3 power trainreview 7: list the main parts of a dry clutch?driving memberdriven memberoperating memberchapter 3 power traina driver d

15、epresses the clutch pedal to shift the gears inside the transmission. after the driver releases the clutch pedal, the clutch must act as solid coupling device. it must transmit all engine power to the transmission, without slipping. the dry clutch mechanism includes three basic parts: driving menmbe

16、r, driven member and operating members.驾驶员踩下离合器踏板来换挡。当驾驶员释放离合驾驶员踩下离合器踏板来换挡。当驾驶员释放离合器踏板后，离合器必须作为刚性连接装置，把发动器踏板后，离合器必须作为刚性连接装置，把发动机动力全部传给变速器而不能打滑。干摩擦离合器机动力全部传给变速器而不能打滑。干摩擦离合器机构包括三个基本部件：主动部件，从动部件和操机构包括三个基本部件：主动部件，从动部件和操纵机构。纵机构。chapter 3 power traindriving member：chapter 3 power trainthe driving member:

17、the driving member consists of two parts: the flywheel and the pressure plate. the flywheel is bolted directly to the engine crankshaft and rotates when the crankshaft turns. the pressure plate is bolted to the flywheel. the result is that both flywheel and pressure plate rotate together. 主动部分由飞轮和压盘

18、两部件组成。飞主动部分由飞轮和压盘两部件组成。飞轮用螺栓直接连接到发动机曲轴上，随轮用螺栓直接连接到发动机曲轴上，随曲轴旋转而旋转。压盘与飞轮连接，这曲轴旋转而旋转。压盘与飞轮连接，这样飞轮和压盘一起旋转。样飞轮和压盘一起旋转。chapter 3 power traindriven member：chapter 3 power trainthe driven member: the driven member, or clutch disc, is located between the flywheel and pressure plate. the disc has a splined h

19、ub that locks to the splined input shaft on the gearbox. any rotation of the clutch disc turns the input shaft. likewise, any motion of the input shaft moves the clutch disc. the splines allow the clutch disc to move forward and backward on the shaft as it engages and disengages.从动部分（或从动盘）位于飞轮和压盘之间。

20、从动盘上有从动部分（或从动盘）位于飞轮和压盘之间。从动盘上有花键毂，连接着变速器上带花键的输入轴。从动盘的旋转花键毂，连接着变速器上带花键的输入轴。从动盘的旋转带动变速器输入轴随之转动。同样，输入轴运动也带动从带动变速器输入轴随之转动。同样，输入轴运动也带动从动盘的运动当离合器结合或分离时，花键允许从动盘在动盘的运动当离合器结合或分离时，花键允许从动盘在输入轴上前后移动输入轴上前后移动chapter 3 power trainthe driven member: the inner part of the clutch disc, called the hub flange, has a nu

21、mber of small coil springs. these springs are called torsional springs. they let the middle part of the clutch disc turn slightly on the hub. thus, the springs absorb the torsional vibrations of the crankshaft. when the springs have compressed completely, the clutch moves back until the springs rela

22、x. in other words, the clutch absorbs these engine vibrations, preventing the vibrations from going through the drive train. 当从动盘的内侧（毂缘）有一些叫作扭当从动盘的内侧（毂缘）有一些叫作扭转弹簧的小螺旋弹簧，这些弹簧使得从转弹簧的小螺旋弹簧，这些弹簧使得从动盘中部相对从动盘毂能有轻微转动，动盘中部相对从动盘毂能有轻微转动，从而吸收曲轴的扭转振动。压紧弹簧完从而吸收曲轴的扭转振动。压紧弹簧完全压缩时，离合器向后移动直到弹簧开全压缩时，离合器向后移动直到弹簧开始伸张为止

23、。也就是说，离合器吸收发始伸张为止。也就是说，离合器吸收发动机的振动，防止振动传递给传动系。动机的振动，防止振动传递给传动系。chapter 3 power trainclutch disc with torsional springnot workingworkingchapter 3 power trainoperating members : these are the parts that release pressure from the clutch disc. the operating members consist of the clutch pedal, clutch re

24、turn spring, clutch linkage, clutch fork, and throwout bearing. the clutch linkage includes the clutch pedal and a mechanical or hydraulic system to move the other operating members. 操纵机构释放离合器盘的压力。操纵机构由离合器操纵机构释放离合器盘的压力。操纵机构由离合器踏板、回位弹簧、离合器杆系、分离叉和分离轴承踏板、回位弹簧、离合器杆系、分离叉和分离轴承等组成。离合器杆系包括离合器踏板以及用来操纵等组成。离合器

25、杆系包括离合器踏板以及用来操纵其它部件的机械式或液压式操纵系统。其它部件的机械式或液压式操纵系统。chapter 3 power trainmechanical clutch operating systemchapter 3 power trainchapter 3 power trainhydraulic clutch operating system踏踏 板板pedal储储 液液 室室reservoir主主 缸缸工工 作作 缸缸slavecylinder分离轴承分离轴承throwout bearing分离杠杆分离杠杆release levers分离叉分离叉release fork推推 杆

26、杆push rod推推 杆杆chapter 3 power trainchapter 3 power trainoperating members : when the clutch pedal is depressed, the clutch linkage operates the clutch fork. the clutch fork, or release fork, moves the throwout bearing against the pressure plate release levers. these levers then compress springs that

27、 normally hold the clutch disc tightly against the flywheel. 踩下离合器踏板，离合器杆系操纵分离叉踩下离合器踏板，离合器杆系操纵分离叉。分离叉带动分离轴承压向压盘上的分离。分离叉带动分离轴承压向压盘上的分离杠杆，分离杠杆压缩压紧弹簧。通常情况杠杆，分离杠杆压缩压紧弹簧。通常情况下，压紧弹簧使从动盘和飞轮紧密接合。下，压紧弹簧使从动盘和飞轮紧密接合。chapter 3 power trainoperating members : when the clutch pedal is released, the pressure plate

28、forces the clutch disc against the flywheel. the clutch return spring helps raise the pedal. 释放离合器踏板，压盘释放离合器踏板，压盘使从动盘同飞轮接合，使从动盘同飞轮接合，回位弹簧使离合器踏板回位弹簧使离合器踏板抬起。抬起。chapter 3 power trainndrive linefriction face- clutch disc-trosional vibration balancer- splined hub( clutch disc)-input shaft of transmissionnflywheel-chapter 3 power trainpushing centre of diaphragm inwards causes outer edge to move away from flywheel.diaphragm spring pushes pressure plate against driven plate.release bearing held clear of diaphragm spring.chapter 3 power trainthe hydrodynamic coupling:most automatic transmissi