【英语】高二英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)

1、【英语】高二英语阅读理解专项训练 100（附答案）一、高中英语阅读理解1 .阅读理解Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second- class citizens.As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after

2、 months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. W

3、hen a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts p

4、rinted with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a twodimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.I've been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I w

5、as firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates( 灵长目动物 ),after all, animals from our own mammalian( 灵长目动物 ) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elep

6、hants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circu

7、ses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, 1 started to wonder: Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical (伦理的)revolution in terms of who

8、we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes

9、 in who we eat?(1) According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of A. interactionB. analysisC. creationD. abstraction(2) The research into pigs shows that pigs.A. learn letters quicklyB. have a good eyesightC. can build up a good relationshipD. can apply knowledge to new situations(3) Paragraph 4

10、 is mainly about.A. the similarities between mammals and humans 阻 the necessity of long-term studies on mammalsC. a change in people's attitudes towards animals D. a discovery of how animals expressthemselves(4) What might be the best title for the passage?A. The Inner Lives of Food AnimalsB. Th

11、e Lifestyles of Food AnimalsC. Science Reports on Food AnimalsD. A Revolution in Food Animals【答案】(1) BD (3) C (4) A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了动物也有情感有思想，有一定的分析推理能力。人类不应只将它们当作食物。考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trainedto pick colored buttons choose some times to give up an

12、 immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one”可知，当解决问题时，母鸡们会推理：例如，受过挑选彩色纽扣的训 练的母鸡们有时会选择放弃即时的食物奖励，换取稍晚一些(而且更好)的食物奖励。由此可知，母鸡们具备分析能力。故选Bo(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Piggespond meaningful to human symbols. When aresearch team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks

13、 marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: the

14、y had transferred their knowledge to a two- dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning. 可知，一些研究者拿着带X标记的木板，一些研究者拿着带O标记的木板，只有拿带O标记木板的研究者给猪提供食物，猪很快就只理会这些研究者了。当木板换成带X和O标记的衬衫时，猪仍然只走向那些穿带O标记衬衫的研究者。这表明猪将把知识转移到了二维的形式，这是一种相当大的推理壮举。故选Do(3)考查段落大意。根据第四段中的"Athe start of my career almost four

15、 decades ago, I wasfirmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals.Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term

16、 studies helped fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks. 可知，数十年前，彳乍者坚信猴子和猩 猩在思考能力和情感上都胜过其他的动物。很快，作者就意识到除了猴子和猩猩，鲸鱼

17、也 是文化学习的主人，大象也表现出高兴等情感。长期的研究也促进着我们社会观点的转 变：我们不再认为猴子只能是实验室里的实验对象，大象只能在马戏团里进行表演，海豚 只能被养在主题公园狭小的池子里。很明显，本段介绍的是人们对动物看法的转变。故选Co(4)考查主旨大意。第一段提出：科学开始拥抱原来被我们认为是二等公民的动物们(即：我们对某些动物的看法正在发生变化)。第二和第三段以母鸡和猪为例告诉读者：通过科 学研究，母鸡和猪也具备情感，也具备分析推理能力。第四段介绍了人们对动物看法的转变。第五和第六段呼吁读者：动物有自己的情感和思想，我们不要只将动物当成我们的食 物。结合每段大意可知，该文主要是围绕

18、动物也有情感有思想来展开的。故选Ao【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断。段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅 读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答 案。2 .阅读理解A study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important. These experiences affect the development of the brain. When children receive more attention, they often

19、have higher IQs. Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain. There are a hundred trillion(万 亿)connections in the brain of a three-year-old child.Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at distinguishing d

20、ifferent sound patterns. Her researchers produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns. For example, one order was mu-ba-ba. This is the pattern"A-B-B". Another order was mu-ba-ge. This is the pattern-B-C” .The images showed that the part of the brain respo

21、nsiblefor speech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. They also were sensitive to where it occurred in the order.Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the building block of words

22、 and grammar." Position is key to language," she says. "If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'"Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language

23、 delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones no matter how educational doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development. They carried out a study of nine-month-old American babies. They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show t

24、he same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to-face with the same sounds. Instead they found a huge difference. The babies in the second group were able to distinguish between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners. But the other babies regardless of whether they h

25、ad watched the video or listened to the audio learned nothing.(1) What makes connections in a baby's brain?A. Having a higher IQ.B. Experiencing new information.C. The baby' early age.D. The connection with other babies.(2) What did Judit Gervain and her team find in the experiment?A. Babies

26、 identify different sound patterns.B. Word order is relevant to meaning.C. Babies can well understand different words.D. A certain brain region processes language.(3) What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 3?A. Grammar is important in learning languages.B. Different orders have differen

27、t meanings.C. Different languages have different grammar.D. Words have different sounds.（ 4） What is the main conclusion from the study led by Patricia Kuhl?A. Babies shouldn't watch a lot of television.B. Listening to different languages develops babies' brain.C. Foreign languages help babi

28、es' brain develop.D. Social communication improves babies' brain development.【答案】（ 1 ） B（ 2） A（ 3） B（ 4） D【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章，介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要，而媒介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显，最有效的是面对面语言输入。（ 1）细节理解题。根据第一段Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things,which makes connections between differen

29、t parts of the brain. 可知，婴儿接收到不同信息，可以让大脑不同部分形成连接，故选B。（ 2）推理判断题。根据第二段The images showed that the part of the brain responsible forspeech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. 可知，实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式，故选A。（ 3）句意猜测题。根

30、据第三段"If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a bigdifference: 'John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.' 可知，有些东西放在句首和句尾，会有很大的不同，比如John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John,意思是不一样的，可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很重要的，顺序不同，意思不同，故选B。（ 4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Researchers led by scientis

31、t Patricia Kuhl have found thatlanguage delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones no matter how educational doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development. 可知，通过电视、网络等媒介的语言教学，对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的，并且后面的实验表明，面对面的语言输入才有效，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类

32、阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分 析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3 阅读理解Time:2017-01-24 From: Editor: cloverThe head of China's largest online seller Alibaba does not think China and the United States will have a trade war despite comments from the Trump adminis

33、tration.Jack Ma is the chairman of the Alibaba Group. At the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos,Switzerland, he said, "China and (the) U.S. will never have a trade war. Give Trump some time.He's open-minded, he's listening."The Chinese billionaire said he would do all he could t

34、o prevent trade relations between the countries from getting worse.Last week, Ma met with Trump at the Trump Tower in New York City. The Chinese billionaire is said to have discussed a plan to permit one million small U.S. businesses to sell goods on Alibaba's online shopping platform.During the

35、 campaign and after winning the presidential election, Trump strongly criticized the Chinese government's support for its businesses. He blamed unfair trade policies for taking away U.S. jobs. And he said that China unfairly controls the exchange value of its currency, the yuan.Trump also has th

36、reatened to place import taxes on goods from China and other countries in response to their trade policies.According to the South China Morning Post, Ma said, "American international companies made millions and millions of dollars from globalization." He added that the U.S. should not blam

37、e the loss of jobs and companies on globalization.However, a new study by an American business group says many U.S. businesses feel unwelcome in China. The companies say the cost of doing business in China is increasing. They add that rules and regulations are unclear or not enforced in a consistent

38、 way.The American Chamber of Commerce in China led the study, which looked at responses from 462 companies.William Zarit is chairman of the chamber. He says trade policies in China make it difficult for American companies. He says, "we feel that over the last few years that we've been taken

39、 advantage of to some extent, with our open market and the lack of open areas in the Chinese market."Another major concern for U.S. companies in China is fake products. Fake products are copies of the originals that cost businesses with the legal right to sell them millions of dollars each year

40、.Ma defended Alibaba's efforts to fight fake products on its shopping platform. He said his company is doing all it can to fight the problem."Fighting against fake products is a war against human greediness," Ma said.I'm Mario Ritter.(1) The underline phrase"The Chinese billio

41、nairefers to.A. TrumpB. Jack MaC. Mario RitterD. Willian Zarit(2) The text likely take from the.A. economic magazineB. trade speechC. websiteD. global news(3) About this passage, the most suitable title is"".A. Chinese Billionaire Does Not See China-US Trade WarB. The American internationa

42、l companies removed most tariffs on products traded between the U.S and ChinaC. Group says American businesses in China concernedD. The war about fighting against fake products 【答案】(1) BC3 3) A【解析】【分析】文章主要讲述的是中国的亿万富翁阿里巴巴集团董事长马云表示尽管JI 普政府发表了不少批评言论，但是中美之间不会爆发贸易战。他将尽一切努力防止两国之 间的贸易关系恶化。(1 )推理判断题。根据文章内容可

43、知，划线词提到的"The Chinese billionaire指Jack Ma,即阿里巴巴集团董事长马云，故选Bo(2 )推理判断题。根据文章开头Time:2017-01-24 From: Editor: clover 及文章的时效性可知，此文来自网站，故选 Q(3 )主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是中国的亿万富翁阿里巴巴集团董事长马云表示尽管川 普政府发表了不少批评言论，但是中美之间不会爆发贸易战。他将尽一切努力防止两国之 间的贸易关系恶化。 A项能概括全文，故选 Ao【点评】考查新闻报道类短文阅读。4 .阅读理解Anxiety has now surpassed depressio

44、n as the most common mental health disease among college students, though depression, too, is on the rise. More than half of students visiting campus clinics cite anxiety as a health concern, according to a recent study of more than 100,000 students nationwide by the Center for Collegiate Mental Hea

45、lth at Penn State. Nearly one in six college students has been diagnosed with or treated for anxiety within the last 12 months, according to the annual national survey by the American College Health Association.The causes range widely, experts say, from mounting academic pressure at earlier ages to

46、overprotective parents to engagement with social media. Anxiety has always played a role in the development of a student's life, but now more students experience anxiety so acute that they are seeking professional help. Like many college clinics, the Center for Counseling and Psychological Servi

47、ces at the University of Central Florida (UCF) one of the country's largest and fastestgrowing universities, has seen sharp increases in the number of clients: 15.2 percent over last year alone.Anxiety has become characteristic of the current generation of college students, said Dan Jones, the d

48、irector of Counseling and Psychological Services at Appalachian State University in Boone, N. C. Because of increasingly pressures during high school, he and other experts say, students arrive at college preloaded with stress. Accustomed to extreme parental oversight, many seem unable to govern them

49、selves. And with parents so accessible, students have had less incentive to develop life skills."They can't tolerate discomfort or having to struggle," Dr Jones said.More often, anxiety is mild and temporary, the indication of a student under the control of a normal developmental issue

50、-learning time management, for example, or how to handle rejection from a sorority. Mild anxiety is often treatable with early, modest interventions. But to care for rising numbers of severely troubled students, many counseling centers have moved to triage protocols (分诊措施 ).That means that students

51、with less urgent needs may wait several weeks for first appointments.Like many college counseling centers, UCF has designed a variety of daily workshops and therapy groups that implicitly and explicitly address anxiety, depression and their triggers. Next fall the center will test a new app for trea

52、ting anxiety with a seven-module cognitive behavioral program, accessible through a student's phone and augmented with brief videoconferences with a therapist. It also offers semester-long, 90- minute weekly therapy groups, such as“ Keeping Calmand in Control "二Mindfulnessfor Depression a n

53、d “ BuildingSocial Confidence -for students struggling with social anxiety.(1) Which of the following contributes to anxiety according to the text?A. Protection from teachers.B. An app in students' phones.C. Increasingly learning pressure.D. Management of time learning.(2) What does the underlin

54、ed word aincentive " in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Prevention.B. Motivation.C. Acquisition.D. Direction.(3) What's the purpose of those therapy groups mentioned in the last paragraph?A. To help students suffering anxiety.B. To test what social anxiety is.C. To introduce the cognitive beha

55、vioral program of UCF.D. To emphasize the importance of calm and confidence.(4) Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Tips on dealing with anxietyB. Causes of anxiety and depressionC. Different mental diseases threaten college studentsD. College mental health centers overbur

56、dened with anxious students【答案】(1) CB(3) A(4) D【解析】【分析】焦虑症已经超越抑郁症成为大学生中最常见的心理健康问题，文章分析 焦虑可能产生的原因，以及某些大学为此采取的措施。(1)细节理解题。根据第二段内容The causes range widely, experts say, from mounting academic pressure at earlier ages to overprotective parents to engagement with social media（专家称焦虑症的原因多种多样，从早年积累下来的学业压力、家长

57、的过度保护到对社交 媒体的强迫性依赖）可知，C项（增加的学习压力）会导致焦虑，故选Co（2）词义猜测题。根据上句内容Accustomed to extreme parental oversight, many seemunable to govern themselves.（很多学生都习惯于父母无微不至的监督，几乎没有自制能 力。）故这里递进的句子And with parents so accessible, students have had less incentive todevelop life skills.（由于家长总在身边，学生们普遍缺乏学习独立生活技能的。） , B项 动力”最

58、符合语境，故划线单词意思为动力”，选Bo（3）细节理解题。根据本段表述的内容：像许多大学的心理咨询中心一样，U.C.F也设置了多种日常研讨会和治疗小组，以直接或间接的方式解决焦虑、抑郁问题及其触发源。明 年秋天，该中心将对一种新的拥有七个模块的认知行为疗法应用程序进行测试，学生可以 通过手机获取该应用，并可与治疗师进行简短的视频谈话。故这些治疗小组的目的时为了 帮助那些患焦虑症的学生。故选Ao（4）主旨大意题。通读全文可看出，文章介绍了焦虑症已经成为美国大学生中最常见心理 问题，大学的心理咨询中心已经超负荷，故选D作为标题最合适。(5) 读理解Should we allow modern bu

59、ildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasonsfor example, economic reasons why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new b