新概念第二册75

1、Lesson 75sos=save our souls S.O.S.-S.O.S.-求救信号求救信号 很多人都以为很多人都以为S.O.S.S.O.S.是由一些单字的首字母是由一些单字的首字母缩写而成，如缩写而成，如Save Our SoulsSave Our Souls（拯救我们的生（拯救我们的生命！），命！），Save Our ShipSave Our Ship（拯救我们的船只！）（拯救我们的船只！）等。真是这样的吗？等。真是这样的吗？ 其实，其实，S.O.S.S.O.S.是国际是国际莫尔斯电码救难信号莫尔斯电码救难信号，并非任何单字的缩写。并非任何单字的缩写。 国际无线电报公约组织于国际无

2、线电报公约组织于19081908年正式将它确年正式将它确定为国际通用海难求救信号。这三个字母组定为国际通用海难求救信号。这三个字母组合没有任何实际意义，只是因为它的电码合没有任何实际意义，只是因为它的电码 .-.-.-.（三个圆点，三个破折号，然后再加三（三个圆点，三个破折号，然后再加三个圆点）在电报中是发报方最容易发出，接个圆点）在电报中是发报方最容易发出，接报方最容易辨识的电码。报方最容易辨识的电码。 单词学习单词学习 thick signal stamp helicopter scene survivor adj. 厚的厚的 n. 信号信号 v. 跺，踩跺，踩 n. 直升飞机直升飞机 n

3、. 现场现场 n. 幸存者幸存者 Thick 1）adj. 厚的厚的 一层厚厚的油漆一层厚厚的油漆 a thick coat of paint 2）浓密的浓密的,稠密的稠密的; 茂密的茂密的 浓密的头发浓密的头发 眉毛眉毛 thick hair eyebrows 茂密的森林茂密的森林 a thick forest 3）adj. 浓的浓的,深的深的; 大的大的 浓雾浓雾 a thick fog 一片漆黑一片漆黑 thick darkness 4）adv. 厚厚,浓浓 别把奶油涂得太厚别把奶油涂得太厚 Dont spread the butter too thick. Signal 1）n. 信号

4、信号 我们住的离城里太远我们住的离城里太远, 不能收到清晰的电视图不能收到清晰的电视图像。像。 We live too far from the city to get a strong television signal. 2）V. 发信号发信号 signal for /to 他作手势要侍者拿菜单来。他作手势要侍者拿菜单来。 He signaled the waiter to bring the menu. The teacher signaled for quiet . Stamp v. 跺，踩跺，踩 他踩熄香烟他踩熄香烟 He stamped out the cigarette.stam

5、p out 踩出，踩灭踩出，踩灭He stamped out a burning stick.He stamp his name on all his books . n.邮票，章邮票，章 自从他八岁的时候就自从他八岁的时候就已经集邮了。已经集邮了。 He has been collecting stamps since he was eight. None is genuine without our stamp. 未盖我们的戳记的都未盖我们的戳记的都不是真货。不是真货。 helicopter n. 直升飞机直升飞机 可以表示飞机的词语可以表示飞机的词语 plane ;airplane; a

6、ero-plane; aircraft 用直升机把他送到了医院。用直升机把他送到了医院。 He was sent to the hospital by helicopter. scene n.（事件发生的）地点，现场（事件发生的）地点，现场 一架直升飞机很快飞抵出事现场搭救幸存者一架直升飞机很快飞抵出事现场搭救幸存者 A helicopter soon arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors. 在谋杀案现场发现了这些东西。在谋杀案现场发现了这些东西。 These things were found on the scene of the mur

7、der. n. 风景，景色；景象风景，景色；景象 漂亮的景色总是能让我很开心。漂亮的景色总是能让我很开心。 A beautiful scene always makes me delighted. survivor n. 幸存者幸存者(指人指人) 同根词：同根词： survival n. 幸存，残存物幸存，残存物 survive v. 生存；存活下来生存；存活下来 我学过如何生活，但是现在我知道了如何生存。我学过如何生活，但是现在我知道了如何生存。 I have learnt how to live, but now I know how to survive. 我在那场大火中幸存了下来。我在

8、那场大火中幸存了下来。 I survived after the fire. survive + sth.(灾难灾难) 经过某种灾难还存在，还活着经过某种灾难还存在，还活着 这房子在地震后仍然存在。这房子在地震后仍然存在。 The house survived the earthquake.How did the woman get help ? Why did the plane crash ? Because the plane flew off its course . Who saw the letters SOS in the snow ? A pilot When a light

9、passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. off course 脱离轨道脱离轨道 在风暴中，船脱离了其航线。在风暴中，船脱离了其航线。 During the storm, the ship went off course. kill v. 杀（仅表示被杀死了，不一定是人为的杀（仅表示被杀死了，不一定是人为的杀死杀死,有可能是火灾等）有可能是火灾等） 他死于战争他死于战争 He was killed in the war. murder

10、v. 谋杀（故意杀死）谋杀（故意杀死） The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. 货车司机没有受伤就逃脱了，但是一个行人货车司机没有受伤就逃脱了，但是一个行人受伤了。受伤了。 The lorry driver escaped unhurt, but a pedestrian was injured. middle of winter 隆冬隆冬 middle of summer盛夏盛夏 Snow lay thick on the

11、ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. lay 是系动词是系动词,thick是形容词作表语，表示主语是形容词作表语，表示主语的状态或性质。的状态或性质。 老人病怏怏的躺着。老人病怏怏的躺着。 The old man lies ill. miles away 几英里之外几英里之外 邮局在五百米以外。邮局在五百米以外。 The post office is five hundred meters away. When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed

12、and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. turninto = change sth. into 把把变成变成 热使水变成蒸气热使水变成蒸气 Heat turns water into vapor. get 作不及物动词时可以表示作不及物动词时可以表示“变得变得”： 天气变得越来越暖和了。天气变得越来越暖和了。 It is getting warmer and warmer.Grammar -

13、 独立主格结构独立主格结构l“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。l功能：是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。 Grammar - 独立主格结构独立主格结构l形式：l-ing 分词独立主格结构；They jumped and cheered, tears running down their faces.l-ed分词独立主格结构；The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.l无动词独立主格结构等。 She hurr

14、ied into the classroom, books in hand.Grammar - 独立主格结构独立主格结构Pay attention:l当分词短语等结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，逻辑主语不能省略。She turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find.They jumped and cheered, tears running down their faces.The old man sat in his

15、 chair, his eyes closed.She hurried into the classroom, books in hand.Grammar - 独立主格结构独立主格结构Pay attention:独立主格结构与固定的习惯短语l有的分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，实际上已经成了习惯短语。Generally speaking, this rule is very easy to understand.l有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场和态度，在句中作独立成分。To be honest, to be frank, etc. The woman kept

16、as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. asas sb. can/could = asas possible 尽可能的尽可能的 他尽量多的获取食物，然后出发。他尽量多的获取食物，然后出发。 He got as much food as he could and set out. 告诉吉姆让他尽快到我办公室来。告诉吉姆让他尽快到我办公室来。 Tell Jim to come to my office as soon as he c

17、an. near to = close toGrammar - asas 的用法lasas意为“和一样”，表示同级的比较。l基本用法:as+ adj./ adv. +asMy book is as interesting as yours.not as/so +adj./ adv. +as This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think it is. 若有修饰成分，如twice, three times, half, a quarter等，则其必须置于第一个as之前。She will not go out with a man who is t

18、wice as old as she. Grammar - asas 的用法l几个关于asas的常见句型： asas possible/can 尽可能的 asas usual/before 像以前一样as long as 和一样长；只要 as far as 远至；就而论，据as well as 和一样好 Early next morning, she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事听见某人正在做某事 他听到狗正在叫。他听到狗

19、正在叫。 He heard a dog barking. overhead adv. 从头顶从头顶 一轮明月当空照耀著一轮明月当空照耀著 Overhead the moon was shining. wonder = want to know 我想知道发生了什么事我想知道发生了什么事 I wonder what happened.Grammar -宾语补足语 l感官动词感官动词: feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch, etc.+现在分词He saw her working in the garden.+不带to的不定式He saw her enter

20、 the room. l使役动词使役动词: get，have，keep，leave，send，set , etc.+现在分词I cant get the car starting.+不定式I cant get him to stop smoking. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters SOS in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. stamp out 踩出踩出 out 在这里

21、为副词，表示在这里为副词，表示“出现，显露出现，显露”等等 他写出了一个很长的禁食的单子。他写出了一个很长的禁食的单子。 He wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. SOS = Save Our Souls 国际通用的呼救信号国际通用的呼救信号 by radio 通过广播通过广播 他通过互联网向全世界发布了一条消息。他通过互联网向全世界发布了一条消息。 He sent a message by internet to the world. It was not long before a helicopter

22、arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash. It was not long before + 从句从句 不久就不久就 (指过去指过去) 不久他就去了国外。不久他就去了国外。 It was not long before he went abroad. 不久我就做完了作业。不久我就做完了作业。 It was not long before I finished my homework. It will not be long before 不久就不久就（指将来）（指将来） 不久他的病就会好的。不久他的病就会好的

23、。 It will not be long before he gets over his illness. long before = long long ago 很久很久以前很久很久以前 before long 不久以后不久以后 （从现在算不久以后会怎么样）（从现在算不久以后会怎么样） 不久以后，他会去国外的。不久以后，他会去国外的。 Before long, he will go abroad. on the scene 在现场（固定短语）在现场（固定短语）可以表示可以表示“变成变成”的一些动词的一些动词 grow，turn，go，get，come，fall 等动词均有等动词均有“变成变

24、成”的意思，但它们在用法上有时有差别。的意思，但它们在用法上有时有差别。 grow 表示表示“（逐渐）变得（逐渐）变得”，比，比get要正式些：要正式些： grow dark（变黑）（变黑） grow = get slowly慢慢变得慢慢变得 他已经变胖了。他已经变胖了。 He has grown fat. 他变得喜欢学数学了。他变得喜欢学数学了。 He has grown to like studying mathematics. turn表示表示“把（状态、性质）改变（成）把（状态、性质）改变（成）”或或“使变颜色使变颜色”等等 秋天叶子会变黄。秋天叶子会变黄。 Leaves will turn yellow in autumn. 一群蜜蜂把发动机当作了蜂巢。一群蜜蜂把发动机当作了蜂巢。 A colony of bees had turned the engine into a hive. 他的脸变红了他的脸变红了 His fa