(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)

1、1英语长难句结构分析（含 2019 年高考全国 1-3 卷长难句）英语中句子最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转 换而来。五种基本句式如下：1 主语+谓语（不及物动词）2 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语3 王语+系动词+表语4 主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语5 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语此外还有特殊句式如 there be,强调句，倒装句等。但是在真实的语言环境中，句子结构远非这么简单。复杂主语、复杂宾语、 复杂介词短语，还有各种复杂的定语和状语等修饰成分让句子变得异常复杂。高考阅读理解、完型填空和语法填空经常出现结构复杂的长难句，影响考生对语篇 文

2、段的理解。另外，新高考将包括两个写作题：读后续写（概要写作）和应用文写作。在评分标准中把“尽力使用较复杂语法结构” 视为是否得高分的标准之一。 因此，学会分析长难句显得格外重要。一个句子之所以成为长难句，就是因为句子各部分成分和结构复杂，具体说 就是句中出现了复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂修饰语（介词短语、非谓语动词、定 语和状语）以及各种从句等。下面分类解析：、复杂主语包括下列情形：含有连词如and, both.and., either.or., neither.nor., notonly.but（also）, as well as 非谓语动词做主语；主语从句充当主语；同位语结构 做主语等。如：T

3、hose who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked inelementary school, are “ mostlikely to engage （从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.（2019 高考全国I卷阅读理解 D） （as well as 连接 those who.与 those least liked .做主2语）3The gunners like to describe what they do as characte-building, but

4、 we know that towound an ani mal and watch it go through the agony （痛苦） of dying can make nobody happy.动词不定式 to do 结构做主语）Connecting to the community （社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides areal joy.（2019 高考全国U卷阅读理解 B） （-ing 形式做主语）Dismissing small talk as unimportant is

5、 easy, but we cant forget that deep relati onships would nt eve n exist if it were nfor casual conv ersati on.（ 2018 全国U卷 阅读理解D） （-ing 形式做主语）What you n eedis a great teacher who lets you make mistake$2019 高考全国I卷阅读理解 B）（主语从句充当主语）Shacklet on,a on etime British mercha nt -n avy officer who had got to w

6、ithin100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a bus in ess.（2016 全国甲卷阅读理 解 D） （同位语结构做主语）、主谓之间被介词短语、定语从句或非谓语动词分隔Mr. Robbins, together with his wife and children, is leaving London for Paris.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly551 to 479 B.C. , influen

7、eed the development of chopsticks.（ 2016 全国丙卷语法填空）Frank Hurley, a con fide nt and gifted Australia n photographer who knew the Antarctic,was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.（2016 全国新课标甲卷阅读理解 D）According to the reports key findings,fhe proportion（比例）who say th

8、ey percent of17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today. （2018 全国卷U阅读C）The woman sitting at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up.（2016全国甲卷完形填空）never orhardly everrerferfrom 8 perce nt of 13-year-olds and 94三、复杂表语 包括非谓语动词、表语从句等。One （reason） was that I was a

9、mazed at the fact that a sick person could feel muchbetter after seeing a doctor.（2019 高考全国卷U短文改错）（表语从句中还含 有一个同位语从句）The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few Ianguages, often spoken bymany people, while hot, wet zones have lots, ofte n spoke n by small nu mbef2018 全国卷I阅读 C）（表语从句中还含有 wh

10、ile 并列句）四、复杂宾语包括非谓语动词、（并列）宾语从句（介词后和动词后）等。Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a playdate-shari ng, kindn ess, ope nn ess-carry over to later years and make you better able torelate and connect with others.（2019 全国I卷阅读理解 D）（宾语从句 中含有定语从句）Back in 1983, two

11、 scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young mapletrees gett ing bitte n by in sects send out a particular smell that n eighbori ng plants can get（2017 全国U卷阅读理解 D）（宾语从句中含有-ing 形式和定语从句）In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on1how we plan to applyw

12、hat we would learn in class to our future professionsand ,eventually, to our lives.（2018 全国卷U完形填空）（是介词 on 所带的宾语从 句，是动词 apply 所带的宾语从句）Axani wrote in his postthat he is not looking for anything in return and2that the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take theticke

13、t and travel on her own. （2017 全国川卷完形填空）（wrote 带有 2 个由 that 引导的宾语从句，第个宾语从句含有 who 引导的定语从句）五、复杂定语包括非谓语动词、形容词短语、介词短语、（多个）定语从句等。It an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous supportfrom individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. （2017 全国卷I阅读理解 A）5（省略了 that/which

14、 的定语从句）To peoplewho are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golde n Delicious andRoyal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye ope ner to see the range of classicalapples still in existe nee, such as Decio which was grow n by the Roma ns.（2016 全国新课标丙卷阅读理解 C） （who 引导定语从句）But my conn ect

15、i on with pan das goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit cari ng for pan dasrescued from starvatio n in the wild. （2016 全国新课标乙卷语法填 空）（when 引导的定语从句中含有-ed 形式和-ing 形式做定语）Thursday sees us make the short journey to Pari

16、where we will visit Disn eyla nd Parispark, staying until late to see the parade and the firewor（2018 全国卷U阅读 A） （where引导定语从句）Readersalso tended to share articlesthat were exciting or funny, orthat in spiredn egative feeli ngs like an ger or an xiety, but not articlesthat left them merely sad（ 2016全国

17、新课标丙卷阅读理解 D）（含有三个 that 引导的定语从句）Also, it is not un com mon any more to find carpe nters（木匠）with college degreesandcarpenters with a solid knowledge of mathematics , which would enable them to deal withmore difficult house desig ns.（含有两个 with 介词短语做定语和 which 引导的定语从句）Now, using teeth and bone pieces tak

18、en from the babys grave, scientists havecompared the DNA from the Unknown Child with those collected from members of fivefamilies who lost relatives on the Tita nic and n ever recovered the bodies 含有两 个-ed 形式做定语和 who 引导的定语从句）六、复杂同位语（同位语从句）While they are rare north of 88 , there is evidencehat they r

19、ange all the way across theArctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.（2019 全国I卷语法填 空）The frien dship that grew out of the experie nee of making that film and The Sting fouryears later had its root in the fact that although there was an age differe nee, we both came6from a tradition of theater

20、and live TV .（2017 全国U卷阅读理解 B） （that 引导同位语从句，同位语从句内部含有 although 引导的状语从句）We shared the beliefthat if you re fortun ate eno ugh to have success, you should putsomething back - he with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kidswho are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the instit

21、uteand the festival.（2017 年全国U卷阅读理解 B）（that 引导同位语从句，同位语从句内部含有 if 引导的状语从句）七、复杂状语包括介词短语、非谓语动词、（多个）状语从句等。With the college entrance exam in ati on around the corner, all the stude nts areoccupied with their revision.（with 介词短语做状语）By translating the rich and humourous text of Loves Labours Lost into the

22、physicallanguage of BSL 英式手语） ,Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing toboth groups as one audience（2017 全国U卷阅读理解 A）（两个 by 介词短语做状语）When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen b

23、ananasmake an excellentbase for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat（2018 全国卷Bream ”阅读 B） （-ed 形式做状语）The In tellige nt Tran sport team at Newcastle Un iversity have turned an electric car intoa mobile laboratory named “ DriveLAB ” in order to understand the challenges faced byolder drivers and to

24、 discover where the key stress points are. （2017 全国川卷阅读理解 D）（动词不定式 to do 做状语）Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sightmy happ in ess deepe newhe n Ilearned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly ope nedrestaura nt at the Sarasota Ritz Carlt on where-luckily for me -

25、I wasplanning to have dinner that very night（2015 全国新课标I阅读理解 B） （as 和 when 引导状语从句）It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were morethan 3 billion passenger pigeons - a number equato 24 to 40 percent of the total birdpopulation in the United States, making it perha

26、ps the most abundant birds in the world.（2014 全国新课标I阅读理解 B） （when 引导状语从句中，含有-ing 形 式做状语）Give n that many peoples moods （情绪）are regulated by the chemical acti on of7chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate8shop similar to a drug store of Chinese medicine. （2

27、013 全国新课标U阅读理解 C） （-ed形式做状语，before 引导状语从句）In a sec ond study prese nted at the meet ing, scie ntists from the UK and Denmarkshowed that eve n a few days of high temperatures can severely reduce producti on of crops,such as wheat, soya beans, rice and groundnuts（花生）, if it occurs when the plants aref

28、lowering.（福建卷）（if 和 when 引导状语从句）According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are in troducedwhe n still young （less tha n 6 mon ths for cats, a year for dogs）, it is highly probable thatthe two pets will get along swimmingly. （ 2011 广东卷 B）（两个 if 引 导并列状语从句）八、多个从句且从句套从句He

29、likesthat he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeperwithwhom hes on a first-name basisif he wants to have a little interaction （交 流）.（2019高考全国U卷阅读理解 C）（是宾语从句，是定语从句，是状语从句）For this courier job, you reconsciously awarethgot somethingthat is potentially going to savesomebody卷阅读理解 C

30、）（是宾语从句，是定语从句）Therefore,when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stopswhat may be implied（暗示） isthat the person wants the listener to considerwhat hasbeen said before continuing.（ 2016 全国新课标乙卷阅读理解 D）（是状语从句，是主语从句，是表语从句，是宾语从句）If some one kno cks and its not dn importa nt matte

31、r,excuse yourself and let theperson knowyou re busyo they can get the hint 暗示）thatwhen the door is closed,you re not to be distur（2eid.7 全国U卷阅读七选五）（是状语从句，是宾语从句，是同位语从句，是状语语从句）But you can be successfulwhen theresa lack of trust in a relati on ship2that results from an actionwhere the wrongdoer takes n

32、o responsibility to fix themistake.（2015 全国新课标I阅读七选五）（是状语从句，是定语从句，是定语从句）Cursi ng my misfort un e, I was won deri ngwhere I was going to spe nd the ni ghtwhen I realized that the villagerswho had gathered around mewere arguing as tothat in that box you vebody（ 20s6if 全国乙93who should have the honor of

33、 receiving me as a guest in their hous2007 高考广10东卷）（是宾语从句，是定语从句，是宾语从句）Studies showthat social scienee majors are most suited for change,which is theleading feature of the kind of high speed, high pressure, high-tech worldwe now live in.（是宾语从句，是定语从句，是定语从句）It is importantbecause it showsthat regular p

34、hysical exercise enables us to makebetter use of the oxygenwe breathe in andthat this training, in fact, reduces the amountof workour hearts do.（辽宁卷）（是状语从句，是宾语从句，是定语从句，是并列宾语从句，是定语从句）九、复杂并列句（包含从句）The likables pay-with-others qualities stre ngthe n schoolyard frie ndships, jump-startinterpersonal skil

35、ls and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.（2019高考全国 I 卷阅读理解 D）We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, but I often had crazy dreams inwhich I was to blame for Miller accident .（2016 全国丙卷完形填 空）Dark en vir onments are more likely to en courage overeat in g,for peopl

36、e are ofte n lesssel-conscious（难为情）when they re in poorly lit place and so more likely to eat lotsof food.（2015 全国新课标 U 阅读理解 B）When the weather is fair and settled, they are clothed in blue and purple, and print theirbeautiful shapes on the clear evening sky, but sometimes when it is cloudless,gray steamgathers around the top of the mountainswhich, in the last rays of the setting sun, will shineand light up like a crown of glory.（2004 全国