定语从句-(介词+关系代词)

1、定语从句定语从句: 由关系代词由关系代词_ 或关系或关系副词副词_引导的句子用来修饰主句中的某一个名词引导的句子用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词的从句或代词的从句,起着起着定语定语的作用的作用.定语从句所修饰的词叫做定语从句所修饰的词叫做_; 定语从句跟在定语从句跟在先行词先行词的后面的后面.构成方式构成方式: _.关系代词或副词的三重功能关系代词或副词的三重功能: 连接主从句连接主从句; 指代先行词指代先行词; 在从句中作在从句中作句子成分句子成分.that, which, who, whom, whosewhere, when, why先行词先行词关系代词或副词陈述语序关系代词或副词陈述语

2、序The Attributive Clause in the text on P34The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.主干句：主干句：The time was a very difficult period of me. when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。指时间，在从句中作时间状语。 I will never forget the day _ I reached here.Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for

3、advice.He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.when介词介词+ whom / which, 不能用不能用that Para 1The school where I studied for only tow years was three kilometers away.主干句：主干句： The school was three kilometers away. where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。指地点，在从句中作地点状语。 关系副词关系副词= 介词介词 + 关系代词关系代词The place _ Jiangj

4、ieshi once used to lived has become a place of interest.However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.Para 2where = in whichThe day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. (Para 3)There was a time _ a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonligh

5、t and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. (Para 4)The USA is a large country _ many different dialects are spoken= on whichwhenwhere= in whichThey could not get the jobs they wanted.They could not get the jobs ( which/that ) they

6、 wanted.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.作宾语作宾语Para 5= where= in whichThe places _ they had to live in were decided by the white.The places in _ they had to live w

7、ere decided by the white.( which / that )which Para 6We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.先行词是先行词是position, situation, point, case, condition等时在定语从句中作状语用关系副词等时在定语从句中作状语用关系副词where连接连接.Sometimes we find a situation _ most students

8、 can remember words and expressions well but cant write a good composition.wherewhereWe first broke the law in a way which was peaceful.I dont like the way he talks.The way he thought of to solve the problem was very good.作主语作主语that ( that / in which )作状语作状语( that / which )作宾语作宾语The reason _ his abs

9、ence is that he is ill.The reason _ he is absent is that he is ill. why指原因，在从句中作原因状语。指原因，在从句中作原因状语。关系副词关系副词: when, where, why(1) when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。指时间，在从句中作时间状语。(2) where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。指地点，在从句中作地点状语。(3) why的先行词只有的先行词只有reason，why在从句中作原因状语。在从句中作原因状语。 关系副词关系副词 = 介词介词 + 关系代词关系代词forwhy= for which关系副词关系副词

10、whereThis is the house (which/that ) he used to live in.This is the house in which / where he used to live.I know of a place (which /that ) we can swim in.I know of a place in which / where we can swim.试比较：试比较：The place _ we visited yesterday is a school for disabled children.The place _ Jiang Jiesh

11、i once used to lived has become a place of interest.(which/ that)where/ in whichTheyll never forget July 1 _ Hong Kong returned to its motherland.The days _ we used foreign oil are gone forever.关系副词关系副词whenThere was a time _ the businessman lost heart.when= on whichwhen= on whichwhen试比较：试比较： Do you

12、still remember the day _ we spent happily together? Do you still remember the day _we spent our holiday happily together? Do you still remember the day_ we went to visit the Summer Palace?(which/ that)whenwhen先行词是表示原因的名词，先行词是表示原因的名词，即即reason，在定语从句中充在定语从句中充当原因状语，当原因状语，用用why，这时一般可以用这时一般可以用for which来代来

13、代替替:I dont know the reason why/ for which he did it.The reason why/ for which he was fired was not clear. 试比较：试比较：The reason _he explained to the teacher is not true.The reason _ was explained to the teacher is not true.(which/ that)（作宾语）（作宾语） which /that （作主语）（作主语）This is the date _ were proud of.T

14、his is the date _ he was born.I will never forget the time _ we spent together.This is the factory _my mother works.This is the factory _ we visited last week. (which/that)when/on which(which/that)where/in which(which/that)Is this the school _we visited yesterday ?Is this school _ we visited yesterd

15、ay?Is this school _we visited yesterday very modern?-This school _ we visited yesterday is very modern.Is this lab _ we did the experiment yesterday?-This lab is _ we did the experiment yesterday.(which/ that)the onewhich/ thatthe one where(which/that)which/ that the onewhere He is one of the studen

16、ts who _ it. He is the only one of the students who _ it. (believe) Those _ (want) to go to the cinema please sign your name here. Anyone _ to go to the cinema please sigh your name here.believebelieves who want who wantsas, which的比较的比较a.在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语

17、，宾语，表语如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用从句中作主语，宾语，表语如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.She seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is.b.如从句在主句之前，用如从句在主句之前，用asAs we all know, his parents were killed in this war.As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.c.如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有正如就如关系代词代表主句全句意思

18、，有正如就象之意时，用象之意时，用asWe won the match, as we had expected.He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.正如正如: As everyone knows, as you may still remember, as you said, as I can see, as has been mentioned above, as you may have heard/told/expected. 用来引导非限制性定语从句，用来引导非限制性定语从句， 用来指待一件事，这时它的位置用来指待一件事，这时它的位

19、置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。可以放在句首、句中和句尾。d. 当先行项被当先行项被the same, such, so修饰时，用修饰时，用asThis is the same book as you bought yesterday. (同类不同一本书同类不同一本书)比较比较:This is the same book that you bought yesterday. (同一本书同一本书)Dont believe in such men as praise you to your face.I never give my students so difficult a question as

20、 no one can work out.比较比较:This is so difficult a question that no one can work it out.（定语从句）（定语从句）（状语从句）（状语从句）Choose the best answers She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. (NMET91) A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could

21、 turn for help.(92)1. A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whomBD3. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expected. (NMET94) A.what B.which C.that D.it4. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. (NMET96) A. where B.which C.that

22、D.whenBA5. Carol said the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much. (NMET1999) A.it B.that C.when D.which6. This is the way _ I am thinking of to do it. A.how B.with which C.by which D.DD7. He invited ten friends to his home ; _ are foreigners. A. six of whom B. the six of whom C

23、. six of them D. the six of them8. He invited ten friends to his home , _ are foreigners. A. six of whom B. the six of whom C. six of them D. the six of themCA9. My hometown is not the same _ it used to be ten years ago. A.like B.as C.that D.which10. Is this the factory _ you work? A.which B.in that

24、 C.where D.what11. Is this the factory _ you visited?A.which B.in that C.where D.whatBCA12. Is this museum_ you visited last week? / B.which C.the one D.where 13. Is this the museum _ you visited last week?A./ B.what C.the one D.whereCA14. _ is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.A.As B.Which C.Th

25、at D.It15. _ is known to all that Taiwan is part of China.A.As B.Which C.That D.It16.All_ is needed is a supply of oil.A.which B.that C.what D. /ADB17. They both talked happily about the men and books _ interested them in the school.A.which B.who C.when D.that18. I dont like the way _ you talked to

26、her.A.which B.in that C. / D.by whichDC The Attributive Clause关系词关系词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词whichthat (person/thing)(s. o.)who ( person)(s. o.)whom (person)( o. )whose (person / thing)(attribute)when (time) = 介词介词 + whichwhere (place) = 介词介词 + whichwhy (reason) = for which(relatives)(relative pronounces)(re

27、lative adverbs)thing(s. o.)指先行句指先行句(as)填空：填空：1. Look at that lady _ name is Pochi.2. He is a teacher _ I like very much.3. Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.4. Those _will go to the park stay here.5. That was all the money _I had.whose (whom/that/who)which/that whothat6. Tom is the first b

28、oy _left the room.7. Look at the boy and his dog _are coming this way.8. You can read any book _I have.9. That was the year _I went to America.10. we came to the town, _we stayed for 2 hours.thatthatthatwhenwhere This is the place _ I stayed for two days. The moment _ she won the gold medal was show

29、n on TV. The factory _ he worked has been pulled down. The factory _ we are going to visit produces watches. The reason _ he explained to his father was a false one. The reason _ he was late is _ he had been caught in the traffic.wherewhenwhere(which/that)(which/that)whythatWhose从句可转换为从句可转换为“ of +关系

30、代词关系代词”型，型，e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door _ open to the south.They lived in a house, _ door open to the south. of which of which thepreposition + relative pronouns1. The person whom/who/that you should write to is Mr. Ball.2. The pen which h

31、e is writing with now was bought yesterday.3. The gas which we can not live without is called oxygen.The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.The gas _ we can not live is called oxygenThe person _ you should write is Mr. Ball. to whom with which without whichHave you met the person _ he was

32、speaking?He is the man _ you can turn for help. The farm _ we worked then years ago isnt what it used to be.This is the tree _ we used to play games.The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.The gas _ we can not live is called oxygen.More examples about whom to whom on which under which with

33、which without whichCan you work them out?Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?foraboutonwithoutUse a p