非谓语动词(时态与逻辑主语)

1、非谓语动词意义上的行为执非谓语动词意义上的行为执行者就是其逻辑主语行者就是其逻辑主语. .如果其逻辑主语与非谓语动如果其逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主动关系词之间是主动关系, , 则非谓语则非谓语动词要用主动语态形式动词要用主动语态形式; ; 如果如果是被动关系是被动关系, , 则用被动语态形则用被动语态形式式. .一一. .不定式的逻辑主语不定式的逻辑主语1.1.一般来说一般来说, ,动词不定式的逻动词不定式的逻辑主语就是句中的主语辑主语就是句中的主语. .I am sorry to hear that.We need oxygen to breath.He was seen to go ou

2、t with a man.He wants to learn English.Some stars are too small to be seen.This point to be explained is about the long history of iron.2.2.在以在以“宾语宾语不定式不定式”的复的复合结构中，宾语就是不定式的合结构中，宾语就是不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语She wants you to call him back at 11.I often heard him sing the song.They want the machine to be tested at

3、 once.3.3.在在“ for/of ”+ +名词（或代词名词（或代词的宾格）的宾格）动词不定式动词不定式的结构的结构中，中，“ for/of ” 后的名词（或后的名词（或代词的宾格）为动词不定式的代词的宾格）为动词不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语This is for you to decide.I dont think it advisable(可取可取的的） for her to study medicineThere are a lot of experiment for the students to do.This box is too heavy for him to carry.I

4、ts important for the students to learn a foreign language.Its very kind of you to dinner.二动名词的逻辑主语二动名词的逻辑主语He avoided giving us a definite answer.Have you finished reading the book?Ive been looking forward to going to Beijing for a long time.Norman hated being a fool.2.2.动名词的逻辑主语如果不与动名词的逻辑主语如果不与句子的主

5、语一致，则该动名词句子的主语一致，则该动名词前一般有一个物主代词或名词前一般有一个物主代词或名词所有格作为它的逻辑主语这所有格作为它的逻辑主语这种种 “ 物主代词或名词所有格物主代词或名词所有格动名词动名词 ”结构就是动名词的结构就是动名词的复合结构它在句中具有主语，复合结构它在句中具有主语，表语、定语或宾语的功能。表语、定语或宾语的功能。Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.Do you think her going there will be of any help?They all thought Lao Lis go

6、ing there a great mistake.I had no idea of their having done such a thing.注意注意: 在现代英语中在现代英语中, 尤其是在口尤其是在口语中语中, 如果不是在句子的开头如果不是在句子的开头, 这这种逻辑主语常可用名词的普通格种逻辑主语常可用名词的普通格 (或人称代词的宾格或人称代词的宾格)来代替来代替, 这比这比用所有格更自然些用所有格更自然些.He didnt like young people / them smoking.She was awaken by someone knocking at the door.三

7、三.分词的逻辑主语分词的逻辑主语1.分词作状语时分词作状语时,其逻辑主语其逻辑主语就是句中的主语就是句中的主语.When heated, water will be changed into vapour.Given enough time, he would do it better.While heating water, we can change it into vapour.Being a league member, he always sets a good example to others.2.分词作宾语补足语时分词作宾语补足语时, 宾语宾语就是其逻辑主语就是其逻辑主语.Su

8、ddenly I heard the door opened.Suddenly I heard someone opening the door.3分词作定语时分词作定语时, 被修饰的名词被修饰的名词就是其逻辑主语就是其逻辑主语.The hours being built is our laboratory.Officials say diseases caused directly by smoking kill at least 320,000 Americans every year.Some companies are offering special gifts and lower

9、prices to people signing an agreement to stop smoking.4.4.分词独立结构分词独立结构分词作状语时分词作状语时, ,有时其逻辑主有时其逻辑主语与句中的主语不一致语与句中的主语不一致, ,它可它可以有自己的逻辑主语以有自己的逻辑主语. .该逻辑该逻辑主语通常用名词的通格或代主语通常用名词的通格或代词的主格表示词的主格表示, ,放在分词的前放在分词的前面面. .构成构成”名词普通格名词普通格( (或代词主格或代词主格) ) + + 分词分词”的结构的结构, ,称为分词独立结称为分词独立结构构. .该结构通常修饰整个句子该结构通常修饰整个句子,

10、,表表示时间、原因、条件或伴随情况示时间、原因、条件或伴随情况. .The problem having been solved, we ended the meeting.(=having solved the problem, we ended the meeting.The rain having ruined her cap, she had to buy a new one.The night being dark, she was afraid to go there.He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.注意注意: :分词独立结构主要用于分词独立结构主要用于描绘性文字中描绘性文字中; ;口语中用状语口语中用状语从句或并列句更自然些从句或并列句更自然些. .5.分词独立结构前面有时带有分词独立结构前面有时