非谓语动词的比较

1、非谓语动词的比较窗体顶端1. 比较不定式和动名词作宾语 1). *有些动词的后面既可跟动名词又可跟不定式，且意义相同，但尤其要注意的是有些意义是不同的，一定要区分。stop to do/ s top doingregret to do /regret doingremember to do/ remember doingforget doing/ forget to dotry to do努力去做/ try doing 试验着去做mean to do 打算，故意去做/mean doing 意味着hate to do 不想去做/hate doing讨厌quit to do 停下来去做/ quit

2、 doing 停止做chance doing 冒险试试/chance to do碰巧2). advise, allow, encourage, permit等动词后面带动名词作宾语，不定式作宾补, 即：advise+ doing; advise sb. to do 3). need/require/want/deserve + doing（主动表被动）need/require/want/deserve +to do（主被动分别表示）2. 比较不定式、分词作宾补1). 不定式和分词作宾补的区别e.g. I heard him talking to his mother. (现在分词表示正在进行)

3、e.g. I heard him talk to his mother for an hour. (不定式，表示完成的动作，全过程)2). 现在分词和过去分词作宾补的主要区别现在分词表示主动的动作；过去分词表示被动的动作；少数几个不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示完成的动作。e.g. I hurried there only to find everybody gone.3. 比较不定式、分词作定语1). 不定式、分词作定语的主要区别不定式表示即将发生的动作；现在分词表示正在发生的动作；过去分词表示已发生的动作。2). 现在分词和过去分词作定语的主要区别a). 现在分词表示主动，正在进行b). 过

4、去分词表示被动，完成的动作4. 比较不定式、分词作状语1). 不定式和现在分词作状语的区别a). 不定式通常表示意想不到的结果，现在分词则没有这种意思。e.g. He jumped down from the burning house, breaking his legs.b). 不定式经常用在形容词后面表示原因。e.g. He was happy to see his parents in good health.* 现在分词和过去分词通常置于句首。2). 现在分词和过去分词作状语的主要区别a). 现在分词含有主动的意思。e.g. Following its footprints, the

5、 zoologists spotted the hungry panda.b). 过去分词含有被动的意思，或是表示状态。e.g. The pop singer, followed by two body guards, came to meet his fans. 5. 比较不定式、分词做主补1). 不定式、分词作主补时，意义上区别不大。e.g. The most difficult job is to clean the greasy kitchen.e.g. The most difficult job is cleaning the greasy kitchen.2). 现在分

6、词和过去分词作主补e.g. The game sounds interesting. (表示主语的特征，常用于事物)e.g. I am interested in the game. (表示主语的状态，常用于人)常见的做主补的分词有：amused, amusing, astonished, astonishing, bored, boring, charming, complicated, confused, confusing, crowded, delighted, devoted, disappointing, disappointed, discouraged, discouragin

7、g, frightened, frightening, frustrated, frustrating, interested, interesting, married, missing, pleased, promising, puzzled, shocked, shocking, surprised, surprising, tired, tiring, upset等。这些词实际上已经转化为形容词。6. 比较不定式和动名词做主语有时不定式和动名词做主语在意思上区别不大。e.g. To know all about English is one thing; to know English

8、 is quite another.Knowing all about English is one thing; knowing English is quite another.但在一些固定结构中不能互换。Exercises:1. _in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is really a hard nutA、To make high scoresB、Making high scoresC、To make low goalD、Making low goal2. The article opens

9、and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each _one major point in contrast with the other.A、makeB、madeC、is to makeD、making3. The students expected there _ more reviewing classes before the final examsA、isB、beingC、have beenD、to be4. It is not uncommon for _problems of communication

10、 between old and young.A、there to beB、there beingC、there to beingD、there be5. If we dont start out now, we must risk _ the train.A、missB、missingC、being missedD、to miss6. The flexibility of film allows the artist _ unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.A、to bringB、br

11、iningC、is broughtD、brings7. Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes，I still was not able to find a chair_.A、to sitB、for to sit onC、to sit onD、for sitting8. Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort _ her?A、pleaseB、pleasedC、to pleaseD、having pleased9. Lots

12、of empty boots were found under the old mans bed. He must have done nothing but _.A、drinkB、to drinkC、drinkingD、drunk10. The local health organization is reported _ twenty-five years age when Dr. Adudon became its first president.A、to be set upB、being set upC、to have been set upD、having been set

13、 up11. _of the burden of ice , the balloon climber up and drifted to the South.A、To be freeB、FreeingC、To freeD、Freed12. _exceptions, the rule may stand.A、Allow forB、Allowing forC、To allowD、To allow for13. All flights_ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.A、were cance

14、ledB、had been canceledC、having canceledD、having been canceled14. John painted her sitting in a chair with her hands _A、foldingB、to have foldedC、to foldD、folded15. His victory in the final was no more _than I had expected.A、convincingB、convincedC、to convinceD、being convincing16. There

15、is no point _further.A、argueB、to argueC、arguingD、being arguing17. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always _with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.A、combinedB、having combinedC、combineD、being combined18. I recommend you _ what he says.A、doB、doingC、to doD、to doing19. I am sorry to hear that you resorted _A、to cheatB、to cheatingC、cheatingD、cheat20. He wasnt asked to