高考语法-动词

1、专题九 动词和动词短语I、重点难点解析 对动词和动词短语主要考查词义辨析，动词的用法与搭配及一词多义；在具体语境中正确使用动词短语。要特别注意一些最常用的词汇，如get, make, have, take等。一 动词分类一览表动词的分类行为动词(实义动词)及物动词(vt.)宾语He sang a song for us.不及物动词(vi.)后不加宾语He arrived late.介词He arrived in Beijing at10 a.m.系动词表人或事物的特征和状态：be, feel, appear, seem, look, sound等He is a farmer.He seems

2、angry.表状态变化：become, get, go, turn, grow, fall等The fish went bad.He became a doctor.表状态的延续或持续：keep, remain, stay等 It keeps warm.He remained silent.助动词(不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形或分词构成合成谓语)：be, have, do, shall和 will的各种形式Do come tomorrow.I have bought a car.情态动词can(could), may(might), shall(should), will(would), mu

3、st, need, dare等He may come tomorrow.We must study hard. 注：有些动词是兼类词。如：We have lunch at 12.(行为动词) /We have been to Japan.(助动词)二 动词短语构成一览表三 高中常用动词短语：动 词短 语构 成动词副词break outThe Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937.动词介词Agree with I agree with you on that point.动词+副词介词Come up withI came up with a good idea.

4、动词+名词介词Make use of You should make full use of your time.动词+名词Take placeGreat changes are taking place in our life.常用动词come, go, keep, look, make, put, take, turn的搭配1. come第 3 页 共 10 页come about 发生，造成；come across 越过某处；被理解；偶然发现,偶然遇到 come after跟在后面，追踪；寻找come along来到；一道走；赶快；再加把劲儿come at向.扑过来, 向.袭击come

5、back回来；东山在起；重新流行；回想起；还嘴（常与此同时连用）come from 由造成；出身于；来自于 come into beingexistence出现，开始形成，建立come in 进来；（蔬菜、水果等）到成熟期，上市 ；涨潮；火车进站，船进港口；（比赛中）得名次（come in second得第二名）come on 跟随；上台；（工作等）进展；赶快；骑（马等）；come out 出来; 出发；出版；名列；（总数等）达到（+ at/to）come to (oneself)苏醒; 总共; 达到; 碰到come to an agreement达成协议 come to a close/an

6、 end终止，结束come to life活过来；活跃起来；栩栩如生come to light 泄露（真相）；被发现come to mind想起，回忆起come to the point （讲话、写文章等）切中要害come to the /one' s rescue帮助come true实现，变成现实come up 升起；走进；种子生长发育； 被提出2. gogo about 四处走动；（故事、消息等）传开；在地方来回走动go after 追赶；追捕；追求 go ahead 前进；开始干某事；说吧,走吧,做吧(口语)；走在前面go all out to do sth 全力以赴去做某事

7、go around/round绕道；（在某一地方）四处走动；（故事、消息等）传开；在头脑中盘旋go beyond 超出；超出的能力go by从经过/通过；（时间）流逝过去；顺便走访go back to 追溯到 ；返回；恢复到；回顾go down（温度等）下降；（价格等）下跌；倒下；（太阳、月亮等）降到地平线下go in for参与，参与（竞赛等）；从事（某项工作）；爱好，酷爱go into 进入 ；撞在上；调查go off 离开某地；放弃；（口）变坏，变酸（水、电、煤气等）被切断 go over 越过；超过（期限等）；审阅或审查，核对；仔细查看；复习go out (火)熄灭,过时了,罢工 go

8、 through 穿过；进过；议案、决议等被通过；遭受，经受 (痛苦/困难), 审阅；完成go too far 太过分, 走太远了 go with 相配（同义词match/go along with） go well with 协调 go wrong 出错;发生故障 3. keepkeep away(使)不靠近，（使）远离；不沾keep back往后站，后退；阻止；对保守秘密；（从工资等中）扣压，扣下；留给keep in mind把记在心里；记住keep in order（使）保持整齐，使井井有条；维持秩序keep in touch with与保持联系keep off（使）不接近，（使）保持距

9、离；挡开，避开；回避（避开）某话题keep ones ears open（口）留心细听；倾听keep ones eyes open留心看着，注意留神，提防keep out（使）不让入内，不要进来；留出来keep out of将置身于之外；（使）不参与；不牵涉进去；不要惹事/麻烦keep quiet保持安静，别吵闹；保守秘密，隐瞒某事（+about sth.）keep up your courage保持勇气，别泄气keep up with 跟上4. look look about/around向四周看；仔细查看look after 照料 ；寻找look ahead向前看；展望未来;look at

10、看；察看；大致浏览look back 回顾 ；回过头看；回忆look down ones nose at傲慢;看不起; 轻视某人 look down upon/ on sb 轻视某人；鄙视某人/某物 look forward to doing /sth. （殷切地，愉快地）期待，希望；预计有情况look into sth注视的内部或深处；（=investigate sth.）调查；浏览(书报等) look sb. in/into the eye/face 镇定勇敢地面对 look likeas if似乎是；看起来像look on /upon sb./sth. as 把.看作.look out

11、小心,当心；向外看look over 对审阅；粗略地看；翻阅 look through 透过看（尤指空隙或透明物体等）；（从头到尾）初略地翻阅look up 仰视；(从词典，电话本等中)找出 look up to sb 尊敬某人5. make make out （勉强地）看出；辩认出；理解； make up 构成make up for 补回失去make up one's mind（s） 决定,下决心 make an effort to do努力，尽力 make oneself heard使自己被别人听到make good /no sense有意义/没意义make fun of 嘲笑，和

12、某人开玩笑 make up of 由.组成make ones living by doing 通过做make tea/coffee 泡茶/咖啡 6. putput away 放好；收起来；把放在原位；储藏 放弃put aside放在一边；抛弃；暂时不做；留出(时间),省出(钱)put back 放在原处；推迟, 延期 put down放下；让（乘客）下车； 压下去；写下来 put forward 提出（计划/建议等）；拨快钟点；推荐put off 推迟, 延期；打消, 关上put into use 投入使用put off脱掉（衣服等）；推迟，延期put on 穿上,带上；长高；上演 put o

13、ut 扑灭,吹灭；生产；出版 put up 举起；张贴；留某人过夜；建造 ；提出（建议等put up with和某人住在一起；忍受，忍耐put through 做成，完成；接通电话 使通过考试；使经历（难受的事）put one's heart into 全心全意投入7. take take away 拿走, 挪开，拿开；（使）离开，把某人带走take back 拿回来 ，退回；送回某人；（同意）收回（退货）take A for B 把A误认为是Btake sb./sth. for granted认为是必然情况，视为当然take part in参加take pride in =be pr

14、oud of 引以为自豪take advantage of 利用；占的便宜take care of照看，照顾take charge of开始负的责；看管；控制take a chance 碰运气 take hold of抓住；掌握take notice of对注意留心；认真地听take the opportunity of抓住机会；利用（机会）take the place of代替take the risk of冒的险take off 拿开；去掉；（飞机）起飞；脱下（衣、帽等）take on a new look 呈现新面貌 take up 占据(时间,地方)；从事于take in吸收（气、水等

15、）；接纳（工作人员等）；收集；骗 take in turn 依次 8. turn turn against 背叛；（使）事情对不利；（使）攻击 turn around/round转过身去，将转过来；使（船、飞机等）返航turn down 拒绝；音量调低 ；向下翻；turn into 把.变成.；把.翻译成. turn in 上交 turn left向走转turn off关掉（开关等）；关闭，断开turn on打开（开关、水、电等）turn out制造出，生产出，培养出；结局是，结果是；原来是turn over 移交，把.打翻turn to 转向，求助于，翻到第几页 turn to sb for

16、 help 求助于 II、实战演练 圈出划线部分的正确答案，使句子完整正确。1.The question that is remained / remains / remaining is: can Luo Peng, the young star, be like Jordan and lead the Bulls to an NBA championship?2. As the popular saying says / tells / goes, “Laugh and the whole world laugh with you. Cry and you cry alone.”3. Wi

17、th the weather worsening, they called off / called for / called in the voyage from London to Australia.4. “Goodbye, then,” she said, without even looking away/looking up/looking at from her book.5. Why dont you just care/mind/consider your own business and leave me alone?6. Hardly could he get throu

18、gh/get down/get into this amount of work in such a short time.7. The computer system broke out/broke up/broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.8. Dont be taken in/taken off/taken away by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.9. Does this meal cost $50

19、? I expect/prefer/suppose something far better than this?10. Someone who lacks perseverance is unlikely to turn/make/grow a good researcher.11. -Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?-Oh, really! I havent examined/tested/checked my mailbox yet.12. I cant find my watch. I

20、 must have left/forgotten/put it in the hotel.13. Lei Feng was always ready to help others when they were in trouble and he never turned down/turned over/turned up their request.14. If no one replies/answers/receives the phone at the home, ring me at work.15. You will accept/receive/get a warm welco

21、me when you come to China.16. The clothes cost/spent/took me 500 yuan.17. The terrible noise from the mans room simply caused/turned/drove me mad.18. It does/feels/makes good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea in summer.19. I built up/set up/took up the hobby of fishing as a child.20. In my o

22、pinion, all Mr. Tom does does do/does do do/did do does good to his students in his class at present. 答案：1. remains2. goes3. called off4. looking up5. mind6.get through 7. broke down8. taken in9. expect 10. make11. checked12. left13.turned down 14. answers 15. receive16. cost17. drove 18. feels 19.t

23、ook up 20.does does do专题十 动词的时态I、重点难点解析 高考中通常是把时态和语境结合起来考查。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有16种时态，中学阶段常用的是10种。一 动词的基本形式一览表形式变化规则构成方法例词原形see, finish, teach现在时第三人称单数形式一般情况加-slooklooks, writewrites以ch, sh, s, x结尾加-esteachteaches, finishfinishesguessguesses, mixmixes以o结尾加-esdodoes, gogoes以 “辅音字母y”结尾变y为i

24、，加-estrytries, crycries过去式过去分词规则变化一般情况加-edstaystayed, looklooked以不发音e结尾直接加-ddecidedecided, hopehoped以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母再加-edstopstopped, admitadmitted以 “辅音字母y”结尾变y为i ，加-edcarrycarried, trytried现在分词一般情况加-inggogoing, readreading以不发音e结尾去e，再加-inghavehaving, writewriting以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字

25、母再加-ingcutcutting, runrunning二 常用10种动词时态的构成及其常用时间状语一览表时 态构 成常用时间状语一般现在时动词原形（第三人称单数+s等）always, usually, often, sometimes, every,etc.一般过去时动词过去式yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last,ago, etc.一般将来时will（shall）+动词原形tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next, in two days, etc.be going to+动词原

26、形过去将来时would+动词原形多用于间接引语的宾语从句中将来进行时will（shall）+be+现在分词at eight（this time）tomorrow, etc.现在进行时am（is, are）+现在分词now, during these days, etc.过去进行时was（were）+现在分词at eight（this time）yesterday, etc.现在完成时have（has）+过去分词already, just, yet, since, for, etc.过去完成时had+过去分词by,before, etc.现在完成进行时have（has）+been+现在分词for

27、, since, etc.三 注意以下几种时态的区别1. 一般过去时和现在完成时1）一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，常和表过去的时间状语连用，即仅谈过去，不关现在。I wrote a letter this morning. (只说明写了一封信的事实)2）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态，但和现在有联系，可能刚结束，也可能继续下去。不能和表过去的时间状语连用，译成汉语时可加“已经”。 I have written a letter this morning. (我已经写了一封信，有继续写第二封的可能，现在还是早上。)2. 一般过去时和过去进行时1）一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。

28、 It rained heavily last night.昨晚雨下得很大。(强调下雨，并不强调持续时间)2）过去进行时侧重于强调某动作的持续过程或表示动作在进行。 It was raining cats and dogs last night昨晚整整一夜都在下倾盆大雨。(强调没停，一直持续)3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时1) 现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。 I have read that book. (已读完)2）现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性。 I have been reading that book all the morning.( 还没读完)II、

29、实战演练用所给动词或根据中文提示填入动词的正确形式1. 1)-Remember the first time we _ (meet)?-Of course. You _ (study) in Beijing University then.2) Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ (study) English for a year.2.1) The government _ (build) two factories in this region sin

30、ce the end of last year.2) The government _(build) two factories in this region by the end of this year.3.1) It _ (be) ten years since we left school.2) It _ (be) two years before we leave school.4.They _ (work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ (still work) on it

31、 as no good results have come out so far.5.The pen I _ (think) I _ (lose) is on my desk, right under my nose.6.If their marketing plans succeed, they _ (increase) their sales by 20 percent.7.She said that it _ (be) the second time she _ (see) the film.8.I dont really work here. I _ (just help) out u

32、ntil the new secretary arrives.9.Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 2039 _ (take) off at 18:40.10.-How are you today?-Oh, _ (not feel) as ill as I do now for a very long time.11. 1) My good friend _ (come ) from Guangdong.(是广东人)2) My good friend _ (come ) from Guangdong last week.(从广东来)12.1) Wh

33、ere _ (be) you? (你在哪儿)2) Where _ you _? (be) (你去了哪)3) Where _ he _ (go)? (他去哪了)13.1) Mr. John _ (teach) English in China for two years. (不在中国了)2) Mr. John _ (teach) English in China for two years. (也许仍在中国)14.1) I _ (read) that book. (读过那本书了)2) I _ (read) that book all the morning.（一直在读那本书）15.1) When

34、 I got there, he _ the work (做完那工作了)2) When I got there, he _ the work carefully (在认真地做工作)3) When I got there, he _ the work (才要做工作)答案：1. met, were studying; has been studying2. has built; will have built3. is; will be4.Had been working; are still working5. thought, had lost6. will increase7.was, ha

35、d seen8. am just helping9. takes10. havent feltes; came 12. are; have been; has gone13. taught; has taught14. have read; have been reading15. had done; was doing; was about to do 语法填空When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother turning the wheel of her sewing-machine with

36、her hand.“Wouldnt it work quickly if a machine 1 (turn) the wheel for you?” he asked.“I suppose it would,” said his mother, without paying him any attention.Christopher 2 (know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted to help. Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father 3 (bu

37、y) him as a gift. “I 4 (make) better use of it,” little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother 5 (not use) her sewing-machine, he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it. When the job 6 (finish), he was quite pleased, thinking his mother 7 (like) it.“Very clever,” his mother said, when she saw

38、it. Then she sat down and went on turning the wheel by hand. “I 8 (work) like this for too many years,” she explained.This taught Christopher the lesson that anyone who 9 (try) to improve anything 10 (have) to learn: Many people dont like new ideas.答案：1. turned 2. knew 3. had bought 4. will/shall ma

39、ke 5. was not using 6. was finished 7. would like 8. have been working 9. tries 10. has三、完形填空Several years ago, a well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became very ill. His body ached and he felt constantly tired. It was difficult for him to even _21_ around. His doctor told him that he would

40、lose the ability to move and eventually die from the disease. He was told he had only a 1 in 500 chance of survival. Despite the diagnosis (诊断), Cousins was _22_ to overcome the disease and survive. He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which _23_ the idea of how body chemis

41、try and health can be _24_ by emotional stress and negative attitudes. The book made Cousins _25_ the possible benefit of positive attitudes and emotions. He thought, “Is it possible that love, hope, faith, laughter, confidence, and the will to 1ive have positive treatment value?” He decided to _26_

42、 positive emotions as a way to treat some of the symptoms of his disease. In addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations that would _27_ positive emotions. “Laugh therapy” became part of his treatment. He _28_ time each day for watching comedy films, reading

43、humorous books, and doing other activities that would draw out positive emotions. Within eight days of starting his laugh therapy” program his pain began to _29_ and he was able to sleep more easily. He was able to return to work in a few months time and actually _30_ complete recovery after a few y

44、ears.21. A. run B. passC. moveD. travel22. A. devotedB. determinedC. planned D. forced23. A. discussedB. explainedC. presentedD. demonstrated24. A. killed B. ruinedC. damagedD. influenced25. A. remind ofB. learn fromC. refer toD. think about26. A. concentrate on B. pick upC. absorb inD. care about27

45、. A. make upB. set about C. put upD. bring about28. A. arrangedB. appointedC. offered D. afforded29. A. escapeB. decreaseC. recoverD. end30. A. received B. sought C. reached D. recognized答案：21-25 CBACD 26-30 ADABC专题十一 动词的语态I、重点难点解析 高考中通常是把时态和语态结合起来考查的。动词的语态有两种：主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive

46、 voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态示主语是动作的承受者。如： People speak English all over the world. (the active voice)English is spoken all over the world. (the passive voice)一 动词的被动语态构成一览表（以ask为例）常用被动语态构 成常用被动语态构 成1一般现在时am/is/are asked6过去进行时was/were being asked2一般过去时was/were asked7现在完成时have/has been asked3一般将来时will

47、/shall be asked8过去完成时had been asked4过去将来时should/would be asked9过去将来完成时will/would have beenasked5现在进行时am/is/are being asked10含有情态动词的can/must/may be asked注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动语态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动语态。如：We are not allowed to smoke.

48、/ He is often made fun of by his classmates./ Newspaper used to be sent here at 10 a.m.据说类动词，如：It is said/believed/supposed/reported that, It is generally considered that, It is well known that等，及It must be admitted/pointed out that等结构常以被动形式出现。以下主动形式常表被动意义：The bike needs/wants/requires repairing. /T

49、he film is worth seeing. /The door wont shut/open. /The play wont act. /The clothes washes well. /The book sells well. /The dish tastes delicious. /Water feels very cold.以下词或短语没有被动态：happen, appear, become, last, cost, occur, lack, fit, mean, join, equal, fail, enter, have, contain, belong to, take p

50、lace, break out, come about, agree with, consist of, lose heart, keep up with等。二 被动语态和系表结构的区别：1. 被动语态表示动作，而系表结构表状态； The cup was broken by a boy. (被动语态) The cup is broken. (系表结构)2. 前者可有多种时态，而后者只有一般现在时和过去时； My bike is being/will be/was repaired. He is/was interested in his work.3. 被动语态可跟by短语，表动作的执行者； The dress was ma