简单句并列句复合句

1、简单句、并列句、复合句知识点睛】、句子分类按 分句子按 分 二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 陈述句：用于说明事实或说话人的看法 疑问句：用于提问 祈使句：用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等 感叹句：用于表达强烈的感情(一)陈述句 有肯定和否定两种形式，多以句号结尾，读降调。 陈述句的否定式：1. be 的否定式( be 作系动词和助动词)2. 助动词、情态动词的否定式3. 除 not 外，其他否定词也可以构成否定句1) 用 no 表示， no = not any/a几乎不2) never 从不，决不，永不 seldom 很少 hardly3) little, few 几乎没有4) no on

2、e/nobody 没有人5） nothing 什么也没有6）neither of没有什么（两者都不）;none of没有任何，什么都没有 （三者或三者以上都不 ）7）tooto太以至于不能（二）疑问句1. 一般疑问句（ 1）用什么词提问，用什么词回答。 Are you a student 你是一个学生吗 Yes, I am. 是的，我是。 / No, I ' m not. 不，我不是。（ 2）否定的一般疑问句往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。（注意 yes/no 的翻译） Don't you watch TV at night你晚上不看电视吗Yes, I do. 不，我看电视。

3、/No, I don 't. 是的，我不看电视。（ 3）用其他词语代替 yes/no ，使语气更客气、委婉。 Can you go to the movies with me你能和我一起去看电影吗 I ' m afraid not. I have much homework to do.恐怕不行，我有很多作业要做。2. 特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词来引导，不用 回答。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。（ 1）疑问代词： what, who, which, whose, whom（ 2）疑问副词： when, where, why, how （对状语进行提问）（ 3）疑问词组

4、： how soon, how long, how far, how often等（ 4）否定的特殊疑问句一般有劝告、建议、责备等意味。Why don ' t you come here= Why not come here3. 选择疑问句提出两种或以上的情况要对方选择，不能用 回答，要用完整的句子或其省略形式。1）一般选择疑问句句式 Do you like tea or coffee I like tea.（ 2）特殊选择疑问句句式 Which do you like better, tea or coffee I prefer tea.4. 反意疑问句（ 1）结构：“陈述部分，简短

5、问句”（ 2）原则： ， （ 3）三步走：第 1 步 将陈述部分变成一般疑问句第2步提取“助动词（或be动词）+主语”，当主语为名词时，要变为代词第 3 步 前肯后否，前否后肯（能缩就缩）（ 4）回答：实事求是【翻译】 Lucy 从不早起，是吗是的，她从不早起。 / 不，她有时候早起。三）祈使句特征：以 开头，省略第二人称主语 ；若要表示礼貌，可以加上语气词t H.v肯定式否定式特殊式Stand up!Don' t stand up!No smoking/parking!Be quiet!Don' t be noisy!No photos!（四）感叹句感叹句是用来表达人的特殊感

6、情的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色彩。感叹句 可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由what 或 how 引导的句子，句末常用“ ! ”。Great!A good job!What a good day (it is)!What terrible weather (it is)!What smart students (they are)!How terrible (the weather is)!How smart (the students are)!How fast he runs!【填空】 tall the boy is! lovely childre

7、n! useful book it is! exciting news!三、简单句、并列句、复合句 简单句：由一个主语 （ 或并列主语 ）和一个谓语 （或并列谓语 ）构成的句子。I am a student.Lily and Lucy are twins.He went up to the door, opened it and entered.She will go there either this week or next week.并列句：由并列连词 （and, so, but, or等） 把两个或以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子。He did the work and he did i

8、t well.I like music, but I don' t like this song.Either you leave, or Tom leaves.复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。Do you know where my bike isJohn fell asleep while he was listening to the music.That is the woman I met yesterday.（一）常见句子成分主语： 句子所要说的人或物；通常由名词或代词担任谓语： 说明主语的动作或状态；由主动词充当宾语： 及物动词或介词的对象或结果；通常

9、由名词或代词担任表语： 在系动词后，表明主语身份或特征；通常由名词、代词、形容词充当定语： 修饰名词或代词；通常由形容词、代词、数词担任状语： 修饰动词、形容词、副词；通常由副词、介词短语担任 宾语补足语：说明宾语怎么样或干什么；常由形容词、动词担任 同位语：通常紧跟在名词、代词后，进一步说明它的情况（二）简单句五大基本句型 主系表/主谓（vi.）/主谓（vt.）宾/主谓（vt.）宾宾/主谓（vt.）宾宾补（三）连词连接词与词或短语与短语连词连接简单句与简单句表 表 表 表连接主句与从句四、三大从句（一）宾语从句 含义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的句子。We know Jack is a lazy

10、 stude nt.We are talking about whether it' s a catHe is unhappy that he didn ' t pass the exam.分类：动词后宾语从句、介词后宾语从句、形容词后宾语从句 三要素:连接词（可省略）宾语从句:宾语从句:陈述句般疑问句宾语从句:特殊疑冋句语序语序时态Miss Li saidthat the earth(be) round.难点 1】 只用连接词 whether 的情况I ' m thinking abou t I should see the film.I haven ' t

11、decided to go to the cinema.I ' m not sure or not it ' s worth seeing the film.结论： 【难点 2】 特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子Who broke the windowWhat happened last nightWhat' s the matter/the troubleWhat' s up/wrongWhen will we meet【难点 3】 宾语从句和简单句的转换I don ' t know what I can/should do next. = I do

12、n' t know what to do next.He couldn ' t decide which one he could/should buy. = He couldn' t decide which oneto buy.Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo = Could you tell me 结论：1. 当主句的 与从句的 一致时，且主句的谓语动词是know, decide, learn等时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。2. 当主句谓语是 ask, tell, show

13、, teach 等 动词时，且主句的 和从句的 一致时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。（二）状语从句含义：在主从复合句中充当状语的句子。The bus had left whe n we arrived at the stati on.分类：时间状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句目的状语从句，比较状语从句各类状语从句连词：状语从句连词（从属连词）时间状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句比较状语从句【难点1】when, while, as 的区别whe n：指时间点或时间段；前后动作可 发生或发生w

14、hile :只表一段时间；前后动作 发生，while后加动词（或表状态）as :前后动作并行发生，“一边一边”；“随着”Give this bike to Maryshe comes n ext week.Retur n the book to Lilyyou have fini shed readi ng it.I was doing my homeworkmy mother came in.You must be quiet Kate is doing her homework. Tom was watching TV, his parents were taking a walk.She

15、 did sports she listened to music.【难点 2】 because, for, since, as的区别1) because “ ” ( 从属连词 ) 指直接原因，语气最强。I did that because she told me to.2) since “ ” (从属连词 ) 表示人们已知的事实，语气比 because 弱。Since you can ' t answer the question, you can ask someone else for help.3) as “ ” ( 从属连词 ) 表示不言而喻、显而易见的原因；语气比 sinc

16、e 弱。As it is raining, you' d better take a taxi.4) for “”( 连词) 不表直接原因，表附加或推断的理由， for 引导的是并列句。It rained last night, for the ground is wet now.【难点 3】“主将 / 祈/ 情从现”现象在时间 、条件 、让步 状语从句中，当主句是 或或的句子时，从句要用 代替将来。Don' t point at others with your chopsticks when you (eat).The boy is very careful when he

17、 (cross) the road.You can realize your dream as long as you (not) give up.Whatever you (do), wherever you (go), I will be here waiting for you.注意：主将从现只是一种语法现象，只有“主将”，才有“从现” 。时间、条件、让步状语从句还可以使用其他的很多时态。三）定语从句Whois the girl is crying sadly含义：在主从复合句中充当定语的句子。A doctor is a person who looks after people'

18、; s health.结构：先行词（指人/指物）关系词关系词在定语从句中的成分【难点1】定语从句中关系词只能用that的情况1) 当先行词是 时，如： all, none, something, everything,anything,nothing, the one 等,关系词用thatIs this school the one that you graduated fromDo you have anything that you want to say for yourself2) 当先行词被the only, the very( 恰恰，正好),the same, little, fe

19、w, no, any等修饰时，关系词用 thatThis is the very busI am waiti ng for.3) 当先行词既有又有时I n ever forget the school and the people that I visited in Shan ghai.4) 当先行词被 或修饰时This is the most in teresti ngmovie that I have ever see n.which/that难点 2】 当先行词是时间 / 地点时，用关系副词 when/where ，还是关系代词1) I will never forget the day

20、s we spent together.2) I will never forget the days I was in primary school.3) This is the school I often pay a visit to.4) This is the school that teacher once worked.精讲精练】 一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句，并分析成分1. He often drew pictures on the floor with chalk and when his mother saw what he had done, she wou

21、ld quickly clean them with a mop.2. He searched out the farmer whom the king had spoken to and asked him the answer to the riddle.3. Some scientists wonder what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used.二、填空题A: 根据汉语提示及句意完成句子1. My sister is too young to go to school, 2. Nancy, sweep th

22、e classroom, 3. I don ' t think she will agree with me, 4. You had better stay at home, 5. Mr. Li 's never been to Canada, has he , . He went there on business last week.B: 根据句意，用适当的连词或关系词或连接词填空1. Work hard, you ' ll pass the test easily.2. This is the best book I have ever read.3. it ra

23、ins heavily, no one is late for the class.4. You won' t catch the bus you le ave immediately.5. The population of China is larger that of America.6. He wonders his English teacher can come today.7. 不但所有的学生而且他们的英语老师都已读了这本故事书。 all the pupils their English teacher the storybook.、单项选择)1.is it from t

24、he New Town to the oldcity center Less than 30 minutes by underground.A. How soonB. How oftenC. How long D. How far)2.David, or you will get heavier.A. doesn ' t play sports any moreB. doesn ' t eat so much meatC. don ' t play sports any moreD. don ' t eat so much meat)3.Wow!A. WhatB

25、. How aC. What aD. How)4.The war was over about three months ago,the American soldiers in Iraq are Listen! Someone is playing the piano.beautiful music! I like it very much.still having a lot of trouble to deal with.A. orB. andC. butD. so( )5. Dad, please tell me when Mum . I miss her very much. She

26、 will return when she her task. And she will bring a nice present for you.A. returns; finishesB. returns; will finishC. will return; finishesD. will return; will finish( )6. The environment will be worse and worse we take steps to protect it right away.A. unless B. although C. while D. but( )7. she

27、was tired, she didn' t stop to have a rest.Because;A. /; so B. Although; / C. Although; butD.so( )8. I still remember the college and the teachers I visited in London years ago.A. what B. whoC. that D. which( )9. Franklin told them all to be in Britain again.A. how happy was heB. how happy he wa

28、sC. how was he happyD. how he was happy( )10. Tell me .Well, it is like A. what is wrong with itB. what is itC. what is it likeD. what the matter is with it参考答案】 【知识点睛】一、句子分类按功能分：陈述句；疑问句 （ 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句）；祈使句；感叹句按结构分：简单句；并列句；复合句 （ 名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句 ） 二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句（二）疑问句2. 特殊疑问句yes/no3. 选择

29、疑问句yes/no4. 反意疑问句（2） 前肯后否；前否后肯【翻译】 Lucy never gets up early, does she No, she does n't. / Yes, she does.（三）祈使句动词原形； you； please（四）感叹句What + （a/an） + adj. + n.+ （subject + v.）!How + adj./adv. + （subject + v.）!【填空】 How；What；What a ； What三、简单句、并列句、复合句(三)连词并列连词：简单句；并列句顺承、并列关系(and, bothand, as well a

30、s, not only but also )，转折关系 (but)，选择关系 (or, eitheror ,neither nor ),因果关系 (so, for)从属连词：复合句(引导名词性从句的从属连词，引导状语从句的从属连词，引导定语从句的从属连词)四、三大从句(一) 宾语从句三要素：连接词、语序、时态连接词： that ； whether/if ； what/when/where/which/who/how语序：陈述时态：主现从任；主过从过；客观事实 / 真理用一现， is【难点 1】只用连接词 whether 的情况whether ； whether ； whether 结论：前有介

31、词狼，后有不定虎，后有 or not ，用 whether 。【难点 2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子前四个特殊疑问句都是陈述语序，不用变；最后一个特殊疑问句放在宾语的位置需变成陈述语序 when we will meet 。【难点 3】宾语从句和简单句的转换how to get to the zoo ；主语；主语；双宾；宾语；主语(二) 状语从句时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, until, not until, as soon as, since让步状语从句although, though, even if, even though, wh

32、atever, whenever, wherever原因状语从句because, since, as 结果状语从句so that ,such that 目的状语从句so that , in order that比较状语从句asas,not so/as as,tha n难点 1】when， while ， as 的区别同时；先后；同时；延续性；when； when；when；while ；while ；as难点 2】 because, for, since, as 的区别1）因为2）既然，因为3）由于、鉴于4）因为、由于；并列难点 3】“主将从现”现象般将来时；祈使句；含情态动词；一般现在时；

33、eat ； crosses ；don't ； do； go三）定语从句人；who;主语、宾语、表语人；whom宾语 物； which ；主语、宾语、表语人/物；that ;主语、宾语、表语人/物；whose;定语原因 (n.)；why;状语地点 (n.)；where;状语时间 (n.)；when;状语难点 1】定语从句中关系词只能用that 的情况1）不定代词 2 ）that3）人；物4）最高级；序数词5） that难点 2】当先行词是时间 / 地点时，用关系副词 when/where ，还是关系代词 which/that1） which/that 2）when 3 ） which/t