高考定语从句复习Word版

1、 The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it. 人生重要的事情就是确定一个伟大的目标，并决心实现它。 歌德 村里有个姑娘叫小芳， There is a beautiful and kind girl named长得好看又漂亮， Xiao Fang in the village,一双美丽的大眼睛， who has a pair of beautiful big eyes 辫子长又长。 and long thick hair.Hello, my name is Xiao

2、 Fang.修饰限定说明名词或者代词的品质或特征。 a) She is a beautiful girl. b) The book on the desk is very interesting. c) The first month of the year is January. 定语从句定义：在句子中修饰某个名词或者代词，在句中起定语作用，用关系代词和关系副词连接，被定语从句修饰的词，我们就叫先行词。I thank the woman. 定语从句The woman helps me a lot I thank the woman who helps me a lot. 先行词 关系代词定语

3、从句紧跟在先行词之后，并有关系词来引导，关系词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，定语等成分，先行词有从句中的关系代词代替。引导定语从句 关系代词： who, whom ,whose, which的关系词 关系副词： where ,when, why词行先行词充当成分Who人主，宾2 / 23Whom人宾That 人，物主，宾Which 物主，宾Whose人，物定语关系代词：1.The girl who has long hair is my sister.(指人，做主语)2.She is the old woman whom I saw this morning. (指人，做宾语)3.This is

4、 the key that(which) he is looking for.(指物，做宾语) 1.who指人，作主语和宾语A person who steals things is called a thief. The man (who) I talked to is our teacher. 2. whom指人，做宾语The man( whom ) I talked to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr.Li. 3.which 用来指物，作主语或宾语（A week later, Lily received the book (which)

5、she had ordered.Is this the library ( which) you borrow books from?1. Who whom that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或者代词，which that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或者代词。The dog (that) I gave him is lost.Whose定语，用来指人或物。 例如：They rushed over to help the man. His car had broken down. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken dow

6、n. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。1. 2011·全国卷 The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.AthatBwhich CwhoseDwhat22011·四川卷 The school shop，_customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.AwhichBwhose CwhenDwhere32011·山东卷 The old town has narrow streets and small house

7、s _are built close to each other.Athey Bwhere Cwhat Dthat42011·江西卷 She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction_ had taken more than three years.Afor which Bwith which Cof which Dto which52011·浙江卷 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _uses it some

8、what differently.Awhich Bwhat Cthem Dthose只用that而不用which的五种情况1)当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing, the one, much, few, little或被它们修饰时。例如：Is there anything that I can do for you? All that can be done must be done.2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：That is one of the most interesting books that ar

9、e sold in the bookshop.3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。例如：My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.4）当主句以疑问词who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或 who ,以避免重复。例如：Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat? 5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that 。例如：The writer and his novel that you hav

10、e just talked about are really well known.考题链接：1.This is the only book _ I can find.A. that B. which C. it D. with which2.It is the first time _ I have come to your city.A. that B. which C. what D. when3. This is the very letter _came last night.A. who B. which C. that D. as4.Who is the woman _ is s

11、weeping the floor over there?A. who B. / C. that D. when5. The dog and the boy _in the picture are very lovely.A. who B. that C, which D. whose6. Can you remember the scientist and his theory _we have learned?A, who B which C. whose D .that 7.Ive read all the books _ you gave me. A. which B. them C.

12、 what D. that 8. 2. There isnt much _ I can do. A. what B. which C. that D. how 9. He keeps a record of everything _ he had seen there. A. he B. that C. which D. what 10. Tell us about the people and the places _ are different from ours. A. that B. who C. which D. whom No Ready-made Fruit in Gods Ha

13、ndThree guys finally got the God through trials and errors. They were eager to ask God for help. Right after the God asked what they want, the first man claim a big courtyard, the second a farmstead, and the third a bar of gold. God promised them. At last, the first man 词汇小拓展： trials and errors 千辛万苦

14、What can we learn from this story?was given a pile of bricks, the second a bag of seed and the third a mass of sand.ÑÒÑÒ 只能用关系代词who的情况 ÑÒÑÒ定语从句中的关系代词只能用who的情况：规则1：当先行词是anyone, those, one, ones时。如：Is there anyone who is ready to help the injured person?The ones

15、 who flatter me dont please me.那些奉承我的人不能取悦于我。规则2：有两个定语从句，先行词指人时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用who。The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.He _does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those _break the class rule must be punished. 关系代词as和which的使用 在非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个

16、主句，相当于and this或and that。二者的区别主要在于：规则1：as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可以插入主句中，常带有“如，正像”的意思。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，翻译成“这一点”。如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 规则2：主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择关系代词as在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如：This house is not such as I expect. (such为代词，作先行词； as在定语从句中

17、作宾语)规则3：当先行词由the same修饰时，有时也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的意思不同：that表示同一个，as表示同一类。如：This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。(同一个书包)This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个书包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。(同类型的另一个) 规则4：在以下结构中，一般也用as: as(it)appears, as (it)seems likely, as (it)often happens, as (it)was pointe

18、d out/said/reported/announced, as (it)was said earlier, as I remember (it), as is wellknown, as is known to all, as anybody can see等。ÌËÌËÌË 考题链接 ÌËÌËÌË：1. Youve made the same mistake you made last time. A. as B. like C. which D. that 2.It i

19、s not such an interesting magazine _ I thought. A. as B. that C. which D. 不填 3. _ you know, he is a famous musician. A. As B. which C. That D. 不填 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句“ “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：The pen with which he wrote was made in China.The train on which Tom tr

20、avelled to Canada was very fast. The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.规则1：某些带有介词的动词短语，介词可以提到关系代词之前，但是在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可以分割，因此不能将介词置于关系代词之前，如take care of, look for, 如：This is the book (which/that) I am looking for.规则2：介词which/whomto do结构可以改为：介词

21、which/whom定语从句。如：I don't have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress.I don't have enough money with which I can buy such an expensive dress.规则3：在非限制性定语从句中，which可作定语，指先行词(短语或句子)所表示的信息，形成“介词which名词”结构，相当于and in/at/during this/that名词。如：He was very ill, in which case(and in this

22、case)we sent him to hospital first.She lost her temper, at which point(and at this point)I decided to go back home.考点四定语从句中的主谓一致规则1：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.规则2：先行词为“one of复数名词”时，定语从句谓语动词用复数形式；而先行词为“th

23、e only one of复数名词”时，定语从句谓语动词用单数。如：Harry Potter is one of the bestsellers that are popular with teenagers.Harry Potter is the only one of the bestsellers that makes the author a billionaire.考题验证：This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been sho

24、wn this year D. that you talked 规则3：非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如：He has passed the exam, which makes us surprised.Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.规则4：关系代词和谓语动词之间有插入语时，谓语动词单复数要看关系代词的指代。如：To own a TV set in each family, which we think was impossible 30

25、years ago, now has become true. ÌËÌËÌËÌËÌËÌË 实战演练：ÌËÌËÌËÌËÌËÌ1. The doctor did all _ to save the wounded boy. A. what he could B. he could C. everything which he could D. for which he c

26、ould do 2. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 3. The place _ you are standing used to be an old church. A. which B. where C. that D. when 4. Youve made the same mistake you made last time. A. as B. like C. which D. that 5.It is

27、not such an interesting magazine _ I thought. A. as B. that C. which D. 不填 6. _ you know, he is a famous musician. A. As B. which C. That D. 不填 7. Mr Zhou, _ native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages. A. whose B. his C. which D. that 8. Do you know the actor _ you s

28、aw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 9. I took my friend to the Summer Palace, _ we had some photos taken. A. where B. which C. that D. 不填 10. Do you remember the day _ your sister was graduated as a Master of Arts?A. which B. on which C. about which D. 不填 11. T

29、he bus, _was already full, was surrounded by an angry crowd. A. which of most B. most of which C. which of the most D. most of that 12. This is the last time _ I shall come here to help you. A. that B. which C. when D. what 13.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. tha

30、t have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 14.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 15.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 16.They arrived

31、at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 17.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 18.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose19. Mr John said tha

32、t Suzhou was the first city _ he had visited in China. A. that B. where C. which D. what 20.The TV play I watched last night is the best one _ I have watched this year. A. which B. what C. whose D. that ÌËÌËÌËÌËÌËÌËÌËÌË&

33、#204;ËÌËÌËÌËÌËÌËÌË关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。词 行先行词充当成分When=atinonduring which时间状语Where =atinto which地点状语Why =for which原因状语 ：1 when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语： I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the da

34、te when Lincoln was born? 2.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。This is the hotel where they are staying. I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 注：where有时也可以省略。如： This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 3.why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. A strong man will struggle with th

35、e storms of fate. 强者能同命运的风暴抗争。 - 爱迪生(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during) + which; where = in (at, on) + which; why = for which. 如： Ñ (1 )I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.Ñ (2) The office where (=in which) he works is on the th

36、ird floor. Ñ (3) This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 注意：以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：The way(in which/that)he answered the question was surprising.(in which/that在从句中充当状语) 【温馨提示】 I dont like the way _he chose to do it.A. In which B. which C. by which D in that

37、. 规则一：: 一些特殊的先行词如situation, point, case, activity，scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语时，用关系代词that/which；作状语时，用关系副词where/when或“介词which”。如：(1)There is one point _we must insist on.A. which B. where C. in which Ì (2)We're just trying to reach a point_ both sides will sit down

38、 together and talk.A. which B that C where D. in which Ì（3）Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and chances of getting caught are low.Ì(4)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfort

39、able support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”点评：这里的先行词是point，表示“某种程度，某种状况”，引导词where指代point，表示“在这种程度下”。这里定语从句也是不缺主语和宾语的，where在从句中充当的仍然是状语。JJJ 考题链接 JJJ1. We will discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. A. which B. as C. why D. where2

40、. He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation _he is likely to lose the control over his car.A. which B. as C.w hy D. where规则二：当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： Ill never forget the day_ my hometow

41、n was liberated. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory _ radio parts are made. His father works in a factory _ makes radio parts. zzzz 考点聚焦 zzzz定语从句和其他句型之间的关系规则1：区别suchas/soas引导的定语从句和such/sothat引导的结果状语从句。如果从句缺少主语或宾语就是定语从句，连接词用as；如果从句的结构完整，就是结果状语从句，连

42、接词用that。如：Ì（1）He is such a good boy that everyone likes him.Ë（1）He is such a good boy as everyone likes. 规则2：区别非限制性定语从句与并列句定语从句与主句之间用关系词连接；并列句之间用并列连词连接。如：（1）He said nothing that made me angry. （2）He said nothing, which made me angry. （3）He said nothing, and that made me angry. 规则3：区别定语从句与名

43、词性从句定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语；而名词性从句中的连词that在从句中不作任何成分；疑问代词what及疑问副词how可连接名词性从句，但不能引导定语从句。如：（1）As is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.(2) It is known to all that the moon travels around the earth.(3) What is known to all is that the moon travels around the earth.（4）That the moon travels

44、 around the earth is known to all. 规则4：区别定语从句与地点状语从句关系副词引导定语从句时，其前面必须有表示时间、地点、原因等先行词；而疑问副词连接状语从句时，其前面没有。如：（1）When you read the book, you'd better make a mark in the place where you have any questions.（2）When you read the book, you'd better make a mark where you have any questions. 规则5：区别定语从句

45、与强调句、时间状语从句that在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语；而在强调句型中 that不作任何成分，但不能省；在结果状语从句中that也只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分。如：It was this small village(that/which)we lived in 10 years ago.It was in this small village that we lived 10 years ago.It was 1914 when the war broke out.It was in 1914 that the war broke out.It was 1914, when th

46、e war broke out. ÓÔÓÔÓÔÓÔ 请用适当的关系代词，关系副词填空 ÓÔÓÔÓÔÓÔ1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded.2) The way _he teaches English is interesting 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?4) Is this th

47、e room _(_ _)we were living last winter?5) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many problems6) .The days are gone _ (_ _) we used “foreign oil”.7) I didn't like the way _ she talked to me.8) Beijing is the place _ (_ _) I came.ÑÒÑÒÑÒ 酸甜苦辣百味餐 ÑÒ

48、;ÑÒÑÒ1. The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C.

49、 when D. on which 4. That is the day _I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 5. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 6. This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have sho

50、wn C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 7. Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 8. The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 9. They arrived at a farmh

51、ouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 10. The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 11. It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose12. Mr John said that Suzhou

52、 was the first city _ he had visited in China. A. that B. where C. which D. what 13. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _ I have watched this year. A. which B. what C. whose D. that 14. Last Sunday they reached Qingdao, _ a conference was to be held. A. which B. that C. when D. where 1

53、5. Is this the museum _ you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 16. I began to work in Beijing in the year _ New China was founded. A. when B. that C. which D. where 17. This is the very film _ Ive long wished to see.A. which B. that C. who D. whom 18. There is no difficulty _ cant be overcome in the world. A. that B. which C. who D. what 19. W