(完整版)初中六大时态专题讲解讲义及作业

1、六大时态概念时间状语基本结构否定形式一般疑问句般 现在 时经常、反复发 生的动作或 行为及现在的某种状况。ofte n, usually,always, sometimes,every day(week,mon th), once aweek, on Mon days,等1.主语+系动词be+表 语2.主语+行为动词+其 它主+am/is/are+not+表现 在进 行时表示现阶段 或说话时正 在进行的动 作或状态。Look!listen !now,atthistime,atthemome nt thesedays,等am/ is/ are +do ingam/ is/ are +not +d

2、o ing般 过去 时过去某个时 间里发生的 动作或状态；过去习惯 性、经常性的 动作、行为。ago, yesterday, lastweek(m on th,year),in 2000,just now, one day,long long ago,等1.was/were2.行为动词过去式1.was/were+ not2.在行为动词前加do在 其前加didn t冋时还原 行为动词。般 将来 时表示将要发 生的动作或 存在的状态tomorrow, n ext.,in +时间段(多少时 间之后)，one day ,someday , at once , howsoon等1. am /is /ar

3、e going to do2.will do3.shall do4.am/is/are doing1.am /is /are not going to do2.wo nt do (will not do)3.shall not do4.am/is/are not doing1.把be放于句首。2.把will提前3.把shall提前4.把be放于句首过 去进 行时表示在过去 某个具体的 时间点或时 间段发生的 动作或存在 的状态When ,while ,at night last ni ght ,fromeight to ten last night at this timeyesterday

4、, at thattime last .等Was/were doingWas not doingWere not doing把be放于句首现 在宀完 成时表示过去发 生动作对现 在造成的影响；表示过去 已经开始，持 续到现在的 动作或状态， 并可能还要 延续for, since, so far,ever, n ever, just,yet, till / until, up tonow, in past yearsHave/has doneHave/has not doneHave/has放于句首【时间状语】总经常有每没复星周 _一般现在时动词原形到动词三单的变化【动词变化规则】1.一般在动词

5、结尾直接力口se. g. swim - swims run - runs2以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的动词加es;如果词尾已有e,直接加seg. guess - guesses watch - watches go - goes do - does3.以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，变y为i后，力口es e. g. study - studies try - tries fly - flies随堂练习：（一）用动词适当形式填空：1. My mother ofte n tells me_in beD. （not read）2. It_me two days to write the art

6、icle.（花费）3. Its cold outside, so youd better_your coat.（穿上）4. How _（do）he usually _（get）there?（二）句型转换：1. We are in the same class.（改为一般疑问句） _2. She sometimes washes clothes on the weeke nd.改为否定句和一般疑问句）否定句：_一般疑问句：_3. I see him drinking some milk at home .（变否定句）_一般过去时【时间标志性词】昨天上个*前，in+时间when字连【动词变化规则】

7、规则动词过去式的变化规律1.一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d,如：taste-tasted3.末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed,女口：stop-stopped4.以辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i, 再加-ed,如：study-studied随堂练习1. Last night we_back home until the teacher left school. (not go)2. Do you remember_the film last year? (see)3. Im so

8、rry youve missed the last bus. It_ten minu tes ago. (leave)现在进行时时间标志：现在时刻看和听，最近在哪请安静！【动词变化规则】1.直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping)2.去e+ing(例:bite-e+ing biting)3.重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+ing(例：sit+t+ing sitting)随堂练习1._ come beef!(随便吃点)2.1 did nt remember_ her the book before. (give)3. Cant you see rm busy_

9、 ? (cook)一般将来时结构：(1) be going to do: am /is /are going to do(2) will do(3) shall do(4)be doing: am/is/are doing时间标志词明天下个*后，in+时间when字连 _tomorrow, next., in +时间段(多少时间之后)，one day ,some day , at once , how soon等区别：(1)be going to与will1. be going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则较远一些，女口：He is going to write

10、a letter tonight.He will write a book one day.2. be going to表示根据主观判断将来绝对发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。女口：He is seriously ill. He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.3. be going to含有 打算，准备的意思，而will则没有这个意思，女口：She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.注意：There be句型的be going to

11、结构为：There is / are going to be.(注意句型中going to后面的be不能改为have。)常用来表示将有某事发生。练习：There_ a sports meeting in our school next week,A.will be going to beB.is going to haveC.will haveD.is going to be(2) be doingam/is/are doing用现在进行时来表示一般将来时表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有准备；打算”的意思Eg: We are havi ng a class meet ing this afte

12、r noon.注意：come, go, arrive , leave,等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作_，它们很少与be going to结构连用。例如：Miss Sun is comi ng ton ight.今晚孙小姐要来。We are goi ng to Beijing n ext week(3) Shall doshall do一般与第一人称(I、we)使用，常用于提建议的句型中：Shall I/we go to the park?过去进行时标志词：1.whe n/while 2.at+点钟+yesterday (last ni ght / Sun day3.)at

13、 this/that time,4.at this/that time yesterday(last night/Sunday/wee k)，5. the whole morning, all day , from nine to ten, while等。例如：I was making fruit salad at this time. They were studying from 8:00 to 11:00 yesterday.when和while的用法区别1when既指时间点，也可指一段时间。因此when在状语从句中的动词可以终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词while只指一段时间。whil

14、e从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。2when说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后生；while则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。3when引导的时间状语从句。后用一般过去时。While后面一般用过去进行时。 如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.=While we were talking, the teacher came in.b. They were singing while we were dancing.过去进行

15、时与一般过去时的区别（1）过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的 完成。如:He was writi ng his compositi on last ni ght.他昨晚在写作文。（不一定写完）He wrote his composition last night.他昨晚写了一篇作文。（已经写完）现在完成时1、 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just,before等词连用。Eg. Have you ever cooked at home?你吃晚饭了吗？2、 表示过去已经开始，持续到现

16、在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间壮语连用，常用的有:for+段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问 用How long.例如：It hasbee n five years si nee he joined the army .他参军五年了。3、 现在完成时需注意的问题：1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的壮语连用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close, come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等。例如：He

17、 has joined the army for five years.（错误）注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a mon th.（对）I have nt received his letter for almost a mon th.2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week,in 1998,two days ago等。3.比较一般过去时与现在完成时一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间

18、状语连用，如yesterday, last week,ago, in 1980, in October, just now等，现在完成时 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。常见终止性动词与延续性动词（或状态动词）的对应关系如下：come / go / arrive / get / reach / move- be in/atope n - be ope ndie - be dead close - be closed become -be borrow - keep put on - wear buy - haveleave be aw

19、ay （from）begi n / start be on fall asleep - be asleep end/finish be overcatch a cold - have a cold join the army - be in the army, be a soldier join the Party- be in the Party , be a Party member如：吉姆买这支已有两年了Jim bought this pen two years ago. Jim has had this pen for two years. Jim has had this pen s

20、ince two years ago.Jim has had this pen since 2007 It is two years since Jim bought this pen.4.在表示最近几世纪/年/月以来.”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成。in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; duri ng the last three mon ths; for the last few cen turies, through cen turies; throughout history等5.表示第几次做

21、某事，”或在 It is the best （worst, most interesting ） +名词+that”后面跟现在完成时。This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.6. have / has been to +地点 意为曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地，仅表示当事人的一种经历而 已。have / has gone to +地点到了某地去了” ，暗含已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。如：He has gone

22、to Shanghai.他去了上海。He has been to Shanghai.他去过了上海。随堂练习 ：1 He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?A. alreadyB.neverC.everD. Stillone new book in the past two year .A. is writingB.was writing3 Have you met Mr Li _？A. justB. agoC.beforeD. a moment ago4Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even

23、 _ .A. has changed ; wellB. changed ; good C. has changed ; betterD. changed ; better5 Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes .A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began6 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .A.has goneB. wentC.will goD. has been7 His father _ the Party since 1978 .

24、A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in8 My parents _ Shandong for ten years .A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been根据所给提示填词1. He _back a month ago. (come)2. Its a great shame for me _ in front of so many people. (laugh at)3. I must take it back the day after tomorrow. You c

25、an only _ it for 24 hours. (保存)4. Why have you kept me _ here for so long a time? (wait)5. Please come to our meeting if you _ free tomorrow. (be)6. She _ to the Great Wall several times. (goes)7. In his letter, he said that he _ us very much. (miss)8. The film _ for nearly fifteen minutes when I go

26、t to the cinema. (be)9. He said he became _ in physics. (interest)10. This film is worth _ . (see)11. He went to school instead of _ home. (go)12. In the old days it was difficult for the poor to _ a joB. (找)13. There _ a physics test next Monday. (be)14. He is hungry. Please give him something _ .

27、(eat)15. Please dont waste time _ TV every evening. You should word hard at English. (watch)16. We found the window _. (break)17. You have dropped your pencil. _ . (拾起来)18. Mother often tells me _ too late. (not come home)19. You had better _ by bus, or you will be late. (go)20. I will _ Li Ming the

28、 good news as soon as I see him. (告诉)2 The famous writerC.wroteD.has written作业：( )1._ friends you have, _you will be.A. more; happierB. more; more happy C. the more; the happier D. the more; the more happy( )2._ is not easy for children to understand this movie. A. This B. That C. It D .One( )3.-Pet

29、er, i think we need to buy a new car. -Oh, no. we are _out of money, you know?A.trying B. going C. getting D. running( )4._ have you been swimming? -For five years.A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far( )5.Mum, my shoes are worn out. can you buy me a new_? A. one B. shoe C. pair D. shoes(

30、)6.-O h, there isnt enough _for us in the lift. -No hurry. lets wait for the next.A. ground B. floor C. place D. room( )7.The factory _ for 5 years. A. has opened B. has been opened C. has been opening D. has been open( )17.Why_ some light music? A. dont listen B. not listen to C. dont hear D. not h

31、ear( )18.Dont worry, sir. i am sure i can run _ to catch up with them.A. fast enough b.enough fast c.slowly enough d.enough slowly( )19.Tomorrow is teachersday. _ give our english teacher some flowers?A. let B. why dontC. how about D. why not( )20.There is standing_ woman under a big tree.A. a 35-ye

32、ar-old B. a 35-years-old C. a 35-year old D. a 35 years old( )21.-My father and i are going to spend our holiday in dalian this summer. -_ !A. you are lucky B. have a nice trip C. goodbye D. what a nice day( )22.Dont forget to put the book on the self,_? A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you

33、( )23.M y parents cant come because they _ harbin.A. have been in B. have gone to C. have been to D. would visit( )24.Allen felt like _ in line to _ a busy street.A. waiting; cross B. wait; crossing C. waited; across D. to wait; acrossing( )25.John has to get up early,_ ? A. has he B. hasnt heC. doe

34、s he D. doesnt he( )26.My brother has just finished _ the story. A. read B. to read C. reading D. was reading( )27.How long have you _ this cameras? A. buy B. bought C. had D. got( )28.-_is he going to get?-im not sure. maybe a pilotA. What job else B. What else job C. What other D. What other job ( )29.Some of them would like _some tea rather than _somecoffee.A. to have; had B. having; have C. to have; have D. ha