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1、倒装:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序,按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语( 或谓语一部分)+主语”,就是倒装。之所以出现倒装,一方面是因为语法结构的需要,另一方面为了强调,有时两种原因兼有之。 1、倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。这种倒装要求:主语必须是名词,主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不变。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有: 1) here, there,
2、60;now, then, thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 如:There goes the bell. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。 如:In front&
3、#160;of the house stopped a police car.Under the tree sat a boy.3) 当表示地点的介词短语放句首时。如:Under a big tree sat a fat man.【注意:】谓语多为be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物动词;倒装时不需要助动词。【注意:】上述全部倒装的句
4、型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 如:Here he comes. Away they went. 2、倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。 1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never,
5、60;little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。 如:Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
6、 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。【注意:】 如否定词不在句首不倒装。 如:I have never seen such a performance.
7、60; The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.2) only所修饰的副词,介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,要用:only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他Only when he told me the news did I know what
8、had happened.【注意:】only修饰主语时,不需要倒装。如: Among all the people, only you know the truth.3) not only but also 如连接两个成分时,不用倒装;连接句子时, 前面的句子要用倒装。 Not only was everything that he had taken aw
9、ay from him, but also his German citizenship. Not only is he busy,but also I have a lot of work to do. 练习:1.His mother had talked to him for
10、160;many minutes while he was watching TV, but . A. a little did he hear B. little did he hear C. little heard he D. a little heard he2.During
11、;the war, but also he lost his wife and his child. A. not was his job in the lab taken away B. not only was his job in the lab taken awa
12、y C. not merely his job in the lab was taken away D. not just was taken away his job in the lab3. We have to stop talking here outside. Listen,! Hurry
13、0;up, or well be late. A. There goes the bell B. There does the bell go C. There the bell goes D. Goes the bell there4.I think
14、60;this is the first time that we have met.anywhere. A. Before have we never seen each other B. Never before we have seen each other C. Each other have we
15、0;seen never before D. Never before have we seen each other5.She didnt come to the party last Sunday. she must have made the party more exciting. A. If she
16、160;came B. Would she come C. Had she come D. Did she come6. The old man wouldnt stay at home for a rest even if it rained. .He would fe
17、el sick if he stayed home for one day.A. So would my grandpa B. So wouldnt my grandpa C. Neither would my grandpa D. Nor wouldnt my grandpa7.,we
18、0;could forgive(原谅) him for his mistakes! A.Were he still a child B.If he is still a child C.Is he still a child D.He were still a c
19、hild8.Mother told Rose to buy some sugar in the supermarket and . A.she did so B.so she did C.so did she D.she did such一般现在时
20、; 一般现在时:表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。通常与副词every day(每天),always(总是),usually(通常),often(经常)sometimes(有时),等时间状语连用。 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客
21、观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 4.表示平日的喜好。I like bananas. We dont like vegetables.5.一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。 如:Here comes the bus.车来了。 There goes the bell.铃响了。6.一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。如:Now the player ca
22、tches the ball and he keeps it.现场的球员接住了球并保留了它。7.人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有:like, hate, dislike, want, hope, think, need, feel, see, and so on. 如:I think it is going to snow.我想天要下雪了。【注】表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。 构成: 1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I
23、60;am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如: We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"或变“y”为“ies” 如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 Miss Gu teaches us English. 顾老师教我
24、们英语。 She studies Chinese every day.她每天学习语文。 否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句: 1. be动词的变化。 否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。&
25、#160; 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句:主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I dont like&
26、#160;bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesnt构成否定句。如: He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:- Do you often play football?
27、;
28、; - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:- Does she go to work by bike? &
29、#160; &
30、#160; - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does
31、60;your father go to work? 一般现在时的动词形式 一般现在时主要由动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后的动词词尾有所变化。 第三人称单数动词词尾的变化有几种形式:1.一般情况 加-s reads, says, takes 2.以ch, sh, s, x, 或o结尾的词 加-es:teaches, washes, goes, misses,&
32、#160;mixes 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i再加-es studies, cries, carries 在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时
33、,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: Han Mei likes salad . 韩梅喜欢沙拉。
34、Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 Uncle Wang often plays volleyball. 王叔叔经常打排球。 三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 That car
35、160;is red. The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。 四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数。 如:Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 There is a watch
36、;on the table. 桌上有块手表。 This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如:
37、"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 "I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。 巩固练习题: 一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Dave and T
38、ommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _ _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _ _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) pears? 6.&
39、#160;_ your parents _(have) eggs every day? 7. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 8. Mike _(like) cooking. 9. They _(have) the same hobby. 10. Liu Tao
40、_ _(do) not like PE. 二、按照要求改写句子1. Dave watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) _ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答) _
41、0; 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) _ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _
42、 6. John comes from Canada(加拿大).(对划线部分提问) _ 7. She is a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) _ 8. Simon and Daniel like play sports .(改为否定句) 三、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your
43、160;brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class.
44、60;_ _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 现在进行时现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生,此刻不一定在进行的动作。1.现在进行时的构成:am/i
45、s/ are+ v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式 v-ing现在分词的构成: 2 现在进行时的基本用法 1)表示说话时正在进行的动作 常和now连用,有时用一个动词如look(看)、listen(听)来表示now(现在)这一时间概念。 如:Look!A train is coming.看!火车来了 Listen!He is playing
46、;the piano.听!他在弹钢琴。 2)表示现阶段正在进行着的动作 但不一定是说话时正在进行。常和at present(目前)、this week(本周)、these days(这几天)等时间状语连用。 如:What lesson are you studying this week?你们本周学哪一课了?(说话时并不在学) 3)现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作 即是说可以用来代替将来时,但此时
47、,一般要与表示将来的时间状语连用,而且仅限于少量动词。如:go(去)、come(来)、leave(离开)、start(开始)、arrive(到达)、return(返回)、sleep(睡觉)、 如:Are you going to Tianjing tomorrow?你明天去天津吗? How many of you are Coming to the party n
48、ext week? 你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会? 4) be going to+动词原形 这一句型表示即将发生的事或打算(准备)做的事,我们把它归在将来时里了。 如:she isn't going to speak at the meeting.她不打算在会议上发言。 【注意:】如果没有表示将来时间的状语,此类句子就可能指现在或现阶段的动作。 如
49、:Where are you going next week? 下周你计划去哪儿?用现在进行时表示将来时,因为有next week(下周)这一时间状语。 如:Where are you going?你现在去哪儿? 因为没有表示将来时的时间状语,所以就按句型来翻译,即现在进行时。 5 )一般现在时和现在进行时的区别 一般现在时表示经常性的动作;而现在进行时表示暂时性的动作。如:He walks
50、;to work.他步行上班。(习惯、经常性的动作) He's walking to work because his bike is being repaired. 他现在走着上班,因为他的自行车正在修理。(只是暂时的情况) Where does he live?他家住在哪儿?(询问一般的情况) Where is he living(staying)?他这几天住在
51、哪儿(询问暂时一段时间的情况) 6)现在进行时有时可用来代替一般现在时,表达说话人的某种感惰,使句子有强烈的感情色彩。常与always,forever连用。 如:You are always forgetting the important thing.你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达出不满的情绪) Mary is doing fine work at school.玛丽在学校学习得挺不错。【注意】 1
52、.有些动词从结构来看是现在进行时,但却是表示将要发生的事,而不表示动作现在正在进行。这些动词往往是一些表示位置移动变化的动词,如:go , come , leave , fly , move, start, begin , arrive, , stay, return等。 如:Next month my family is moving to
53、 Beijing. 下个月,我家就要搬到北京去了。(搬的动作并非现在发生,而将在下个月发生。) My aunt is leaving for Shanghai at eleven o'clock tomorrow morning. 明天早上十一点我婶婶将离开去上海。 2.并不是所有动词都有进行时,一些动词一般在句中不能用现在进行时态,而应用一般现在时。这些动词往往是
54、等表示情感状态、知觉认识、愿望或短暂性的动词。例如:see(明白),know, want, like, hear, have(有), think, hope, hate等。3现在进行时由be(am/is/are)+动词-ing形式构成。 肯定式结构: 主语+be+动词-ing形式+其他. 否定式结构: 主语+be+not+动词-ing形式+其他.
55、; 一般疑问句结构: Be+主语+动词-ing形式+其他? 特殊疑问句结构: 疑问词+be+主语+其他? (一)肯定式:主语+be+动词-ing形式+其他. 1. I am singing. 2. She is da
56、ncing. 3. He is listening. 4. They are watching TV. (二)否定式:主语+be+not+动词-ing形式+其他. 1. I am&
57、#160;not singing. 2. She is not dancing. 3. He is not listening.
58、 4. They are not watching TV. (三)一般疑问句: Be+主语+动词-ing形式+其他? 1. Are you singing? 2. Is she dancing? 3.
59、;Is he listening? 4. Are they watching TV? 一般疑问句回答: 肯定回答: Yes, 主语 +be; 否定回答: No, 主语+be+not. 如:
60、;-Are you drawing ? -Yes, I am./No, Im not. (四)特殊疑问句: 疑问词+be+主语+其他? 1. What are you doing? 2. What is he/she doing? 3. What are
61、0;they doing? 动词现在分词(熟记) write writing take taking have having make making come coming arrive arriving
62、0; dance dancing leave leaving sit sitting shop shopping cut cutting stop stopping put putting
63、 getgetting begin beginning swim swimming run running练习 一、根据题意改写下列句子 1. I look at the blackboard.(现在进行时) 2. We drink tea.(现在进行时) 3. He
64、60;and I do our homework. (现在进行时) 4. Kate is putting on her new skirt. (划线提问) 5. She is sitting near the window.(一般疑问句) 6.LiPing is reading books now. (否
65、定) 7.The boys are playing basketball at school. (否定)二、汉译英 1. 她现在没在学英语。 2. 她们在干什么? 正在打篮球。 3. Lucy 和Mary正在做作业。 4.男孩子们正在池里游泳。 5.她正在等我。 6.我和朋友正在看书。一般将来时一般将来时:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作,事情或存在的
66、状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。 1)will/shall+动词原形 shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。will not=won't shall not=shan't例如: Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢? Will you
67、;be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗? 2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。 a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢? b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例
68、如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。 3) be +不定式表将来,
69、按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如: We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如: He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
70、0; 【注意】:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 Notice :be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如: I am to
71、160;play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排) I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排) 5)现在进行时表将来时 下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时 e.fly.leave.start.begin.finish.en
72、d.arrive and so on. 如:she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow. 6)一般现在时表将来 (1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如: The&
73、#160;train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。 (2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如: Here c
74、omes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 (3)在时间或条件句中。例如: When Bill comes (不是will come), ask
75、 him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。 (4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如: I ho
76、pe they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。 be going to和will 的区别 &
77、#160; be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。 (1)be going to主要用于: 1、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。E.g. What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么?
78、; Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。 Im going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。 Shes going to play the piano. 她打算弹
79、钢琴。 2、表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生。E.g. Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧!乌云密集,天要下雨。 I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。 (2) will主要用于
80、在以下几个方面: 1、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称。eg: They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。 Ill come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。 &
81、#160; 2、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。eg: Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。
82、60;3、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。eg: Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗? Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗?一般将来时的句式: 1.肯定句: (1).主语+be(am,is,are) going t
83、o+动词原形+. (2).主语+will/shall+动词原形+. 2.否定句 : (1).主语+be(am,is,are) not going to+动词原形+. 例如(A): I am not going to play basketball tomorrow. 明天我不将踢足球.
84、 (B). She is not/isn't going to visit Shanghai next year. 明年她不将参观上海. (2).主语+will/shall not+动词原形+. 例如(A). I shall not go to school the day after tomorrow。
85、0; 后天我不将上学了 (B). I will not write my homework this evening.(will notl=I won't) 今晚我不将写作业 (C). S
86、he will not see a movie next week.(will not=won't) 下个星期她将不看一场电影. 3.一般疑问句: (1).Am/Is,Are+主语+going to+动词原形+. 例如 (A). -Am I going to see my grand
87、father tomorrow?明天我将去看我的爷爷吗? -Yes,you are. 是的,你将去. (B).- Are you going to
88、160;listening to the tape tomorrow? 明天你将听录音带吗? -No,I am not.不,我不将.
89、160; (C). -Is she going to Beijing next year? 明年我将去北京吗? -Yes,she is. 是的,她将. (2).Will/shall+主语+动词原形+. 例如 (A). -Shall
90、60;we play volleyball next class? 下一节课我们将打排球吗? -Yes,you will. 是的,你们将. (B). -Will you
91、;come here next week? 下个星期你将来这儿吗? -Yes,I will. 是的,我将. (C).-Will she teach us&
92、#160;this term? 这学期,她将教我们吗? -Yes,she will. 是的,她将. 4.特殊疑问句: (1).What(Where,How.)+be(am,is,are)+主语+going to+动词原形+.? 例如:(A).-What are
93、 you going to do tomorrow? 明天你将要做什么? -I'm going to the park? 我将要去动物园.
94、; (B).-Where are you going to swim? 你将要去哪儿游泳? -I'm going to swim in the river.
95、0; (2). What(When,Where,How.)+主语+动词原形+.? 例如:(A).-What will you do next week? 下个星期你将要做什么? -I will do my homework。 我将要做
96、作业. (B).-How will she come here tomorrow? 明天她将要怎么来这儿? -She will come here by bus。
97、0; 她将要乘公共汽车来这儿. 对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。Who 例如:Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2. 问干什么。What do. 例如: My father is
98、 going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。When. 例如:Shes going to go to bed
99、60;at nine. When is she going to bed? 一般将来是特殊用法: 1) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to talk about the report next Saturday. 2) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某
100、事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 3)有些表趋向性的动词可用想在进行时表将来:例如:go,come,arrive,fly(飞往),reach(到达),stay,leave,start, die. 如:Im going
101、60;to go to the zoo this weekend.= Im going to the zoo this weekend. Hes going to leave for Paris.= Hes leaving for Paris. The
102、;old man is dying.=The old man will die. 这个老人要去世。练习一、选择1.There_ a basketball match this afternoon. A. is going to be B. is going to have C. are going t
103、o be D.are going to have2.Im going _(go) school by bike tomorrow. A .to will go B. to go to C. go to D. to go3. What time _we meet at the
104、60;gate tomorrow? A. will B. shall C .do D. are 4. He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week. A. finishes B .doesnt f
105、inish C .will finish D .wont finish 5.There _some showers this afternoon. A. will be B .will have C. is going to be D .are going to have 6. It _my brothers birthday tomorrow. She _a party. A. is going to be; will have B. will be; is having C. will be; is going
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