高考英语一轮复习 专题04 Earthquakes教学案新人教版必修1

1、专题04 earthquakes 【考纲解读】1. 学习并理解“中国唐山地震的不眠之夜”“地震后重建的新唐山”“美国旧金山1906年地震”。2. 了解地震的有关知识，学习在地震或突遇的灾难中如何自救、救人。【高频单词】1burst (vi.) 爆裂；爆发 (n.) 突然破裂；爆发burst (过去式/过去分词)2event (n.) 事件；大事3nation (n.) 国家；民族；国民national (adj.) 国家的；民族的；全国的nationality (n.) 国籍4dirt (n.) 污垢；泥土dirty (adj.) 肮脏的5ruin (n.) 废墟；毁灭 (vt.) 毁灭；使破

2、产6suffering (n.) 苦难；痛苦suffer (v.) 遭受(苦难等) 7extreme (adj.) 极度的extremely (adv.) 极度地 8injure (vt.) 损害；伤害injury (n.) 伤害；损害injured (adj.) 受伤的9destroy (vt.) 破坏；毁坏；消灭destruction (n.) 破坏；摧毁10track (n.) 轨道；足迹；痕迹11useless (adj.) 无用的；无效的；无益的useful (反义词) (adj.) 有用的；有益的12shock (vt. & vi.) (使)震惊；震动 (n.) 休克；打击

3、；震惊shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的shocked (adj.) 震惊的13rescue (n. & vt.) 援救；营救14trap (vt.) 使陷入困境 (n.) 陷阱；困境trapped (过去式/过去分词)15electricity (n.) 电；电流；电学electric (adj.) 用电的；带电的electrical (adj.) 与电有关的；电学的16disaster (n.) 灾难；灾祸17bury (vt.) 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏18shelter (n.) 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 19damage (n. & vt.) 损失；损害20frighte

4、n (vt.) 使惊吓；吓唬frightened (adj.) 受惊的；受恐吓的frightening (adj.) 令人恐惧的 21congratulation (n.) 祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate (vt.) 祝贺 22judge (n.) 裁判员；法官 (vt.& vi.) 断定；判断；判决_judgement (n.) 判断力；识别力23express (vt.) 表示；表达 (n.) 快车；速递(n.) expression表达；表情24survivor (n.) 幸存者；生还者；残存物survive (vt. & vi.) 幸存；存活下来surviv

5、al (n.) 生存；存活；幸存【重点短语】1think_little_of 轻视；认为没价值 2as_if 仿佛；好像3dig_out 掘出；发现4raise_money 集资；筹款；募捐5right_away 立刻；马上6at_an_end 结束；终结7in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪8a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的9in_the_open_air 在户外10give_a_speech 做演讲 11cut_across 抄近路穿过；走近路12be_buried_in 埋头于【热点句型】1too. to. “太而不能”in the farmyards, the ch

6、ickens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_eat (紧张得不吃食)(教材p26)2looking for. 是现在分词短语作伴随状语mice ran out of the fields looking_for_places_to_hide (找地方藏身)(教材p26)3it seems/seemed as if.“看起来好像”it_seemed_as_if (看起来好像)the world was at an end！(教材p26)4leave宾语宾语补足语thousands of families were killed and many ch

7、ildren were_left_without_parents (成了孤儿)(教材p26)5everywhere用作连词，引导让步状语从句everywhere_they_looked (人们无论朝哪看)nearly everything was destroyed.(教材p26)6all.not表示部分否定all_hope_was_not (并不是所有的希望)lost.(教材p26)【写作句型】非限制性定语从句1.tang poetry，which wins great popularity with chinese people as an important literary form，

8、is what were going to learn the next class.(2017·全国卷·书面表达)唐诗作为一种重要的文学形式深受中国人喜爱，它也是我们下节课将要学的内容。2.papercutting is a traditional chinese art with a long history, which is popular among many people.(2017·全国卷·书面表达)剪纸是中国传统艺术，有着悠久的历史，深受许多人的喜爱。3. during holiday seasons, i will live in th

9、e countryside, where air is fresh and people are friendly.在假期，我会住在乡下，那里空气新鲜、人们友好。(全国卷·满分作文)4. i hope you can help the students in our class to learn more about english and western culture, which can increase understanding and help build good relationships between us.(天津卷·满分作文) 我希望你能帮助我们班的学

10、生更多地了解英国和西方文化，这能增进我们的理解并有助于我们建立良好的关系。5. in addition, you should respect your teachers, who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge. 另外，你应该尊重那些无私帮助你获得很多知识的老师们。(江西卷·满分作文)6.首先，节目的主题是环境保护，这在当今社会是非常重要的。_first_of_all,_the_theme_of_the_show_is_environmental_protection,_which_is_of_great_importance

11、_in_todays_society.(2016·全国卷·书面表达)7.你看过那部电影吗？它的男主演可是世界闻名的。have_you_seen_the_film,_whose_leading_actor_is_world_famous?8.他将把郊游推迟到5月1号，那时他将有空。he_will_put_off_the_outing_until_may_1st,_when_he_will_be_free. 高频考点一、单词冲关例1、burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发in the city, the water pipes in some

12、 buildings cracked and burst.(p26)在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。【归纳拓展】burst out突然迸发；爆发burst out doing sth.burst inton. 突然起来burst into tears/laughterbursst out crying/laughing 突然大哭/大笑起来burst out cheeringburst into cheers 突然欢呼起来burst in/into闯进；突然破门而入burst with anger/grief/joy勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支a burst of 一阵【名师点睛】burst

13、into与burst out都有“突然进入某种状态或突然发生某种情况”的意思，但burst into后面接名词，burst out后面接动名词。【语境助记】hearing this, the whole class burst_out laughing and my deskmate's face turned red.听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。he burst_into_the_room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.他没敲门就闯进房间，这使我非常生气。at the news that

14、my dad would be back from london this week, i felt as if my heart would burst_with_joy.听到这个星期爸爸要从伦敦回来的消息，我觉得心花怒放。例2、ruin nu毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；常用复数废墟；遗迹 vt.(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产in fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.(p26)在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为了一片废墟。【归纳拓展】(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟come/go/fall to ruin毁灭；灭亡；崩溃

15、bring.to ruin使毁灭；使没落；使破产(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruin one's health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途【语境助记】2016·北京高考when they returned to rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in_ruins.当他们第二天回到洛克威时，他们发现他们的街区已成为一片废墟。a large number of churches fell_into_ruin after the revolution.革命过后，许多教堂

16、都毁了。a village once so attractive was brought_to_ruin.一个曾经那么美好的村庄被毁掉了。if you're addicted to computer games, you'll ruin_yourself.如果你沉溺于玩电脑游戏，你会毁了自己。the bad weather has ruined_all_my_pleasure for the holiday.糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。例3、injure vt.损害；伤害twothirds of them died or were injured during the ea

17、rthquake.(p26)他们中有三分之二在地震中伤亡。【归纳拓展】 (1)injured adj. 受伤的the injured 受伤的人(集合概念)(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人【语境助记】luckily she was_not_badly_injured and was sent to the nearest hospital.幸运的是她受伤不严重，并且被送到了最近的医院。a terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance

18、rushed the_injured to the hospital.在十字路口发生了可怕的交通事故，救护车把伤者火速送到了医院。don't lift that toolboxyou'll do_yourself_an_injury!别搬那只工具箱，你会伤着你自己的！what the newspaper reported did_a_great_injury_to_her_fame.报纸上所报道的严重损害了她的名誉。用injure, wound, hurt, harm的正确形式填空ahe claimed that working too hard was harming his

19、 health.bhe died of a single gunshot wound to the left side of his head.cwhat he said hurt me deeply.done of the players injured his knee and had to be carried off.例4、shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊sand now filled the wells instead of water. people were shocked.(p26)井里充满了沙子而不是水。人们都震惊了。【归纳拓展】 (1

20、)in (a state of) shock 震惊地a great shock 极大的震惊be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击come as a shock 让某人大吃一惊(2)shocked adj. 感到惊讶的be shocked at/by sth. 对感到震惊(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的【名师点睛】shock意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，其前通常与不定冠词a连用。即：抽象名词具体化。【语境助记】i was_shocked_to_hear that he had resigned.听到他辞职的消息，我深感意外。we were all shocke

21、d_at the news of his death.听到他的死讯，我们都感到震惊。he isn't seriously injured but he is in_(a_state_of)_ shock.他伤得不重，但惊魂未定。the news of my promotion came as_a_shock.我获晋升的消息着实让我一惊。the news that the two popular stars took drugs together illegally was_a_shock_to their fans.这两位当红明星一起非法吸毒的消息对他们的影迷们是一个打击。2016&#

22、183;北京高考so scientists have come up with a_shocking_idea.因此专家们想出了一个令人震惊的主意。2016·北京高考now, electric_shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.现在，电击训练和药物治疗正帮助挽救这些大鸟。例5、bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏the army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the

23、 dead. (p26)救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。【归纳拓展】(1)be buried in 埋头于；专心于be buried in thought 沉思(2)bury oneself in one's work/studies. 埋头工作；专心学习bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面【名师点睛】表“专心于某事”的短语常见的还有：be devoted to， be absorbed in， be addicted to， be lost in， focus on， concentrate on等。【语境助记】

24、she buried_her_face_in_her_hands and wept when she heard the bad news.当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。ever since he moved there, he has_buried_himself_in his research work.ever since he moved there, he has_been_buried_in his research work.自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。buried_in/burying_himself_in his study, he didn't kn

25、ow it was raining hard outside.他埋头学习，不知道外面正下大雨。she sat there, buried_in_thought.她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。he stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried_in the pockets of his dark overcoat.他站在人行道上，双手插在深色外套的口袋里。例6、judge n. 裁判员；法官；评判员 v. 判定；判断；判决your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed th

26、at it was the best one this year.(p30)有5个裁判员听了你的演讲，他们都说它是今年最棒的演讲。【归纳拓展】(1)judging from/by. 根据来判断(2)judgesb./sth.by/on. 以来判断judgesb./sth.(to be)n./adj. 判断为judge itadj.to do sth. 认为做某事是(3)judgement n. 判断；审判；判断力make a judgement about 对做判断【名师点睛】judging from/by.置于句首作状语。其中v.ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有

27、：generally speaking“一般来说”；frankly speaking“坦白地说”；considering.“考虑到”。【语境助记】“you can't judge a book by_ its cover，” as the old saying goes.正如谚语所说，“勿以貌取人。”we judge him to_be the best candidate.we judge that he is the best candidate.我们认为他是最佳人选。judging_from her last letter, they are having a wonderful

28、 time.从她的上封来信看，他们过得非常愉快。he refused to make_a_judgement_about the situation.他拒绝对形势作出评价。高频考点二、短语冲关例1、at an end 结束；终结it seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！【归纳拓展】(1)at the end of 在尽头/末端(指时间或空间)in the end 最后；终于by the end of 到末为止(常与完成时态连用)come to an end 结束be at an end 结束put/bring sth. to an end

29、结束make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出(2)end up结束；告终end in以结束(3)end up with 以结束end up doing sth.最后做某事；终止做某事(4)ending n. 结局；结尾endless adj. 无止境的；连续的【语境助记】the meeting was nearly at_an_end when i got to the meeting room.当我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。2016·天津高考then came the final awards ceremony at_the_end_of the yea

30、r.然后年底最后的颁奖仪式随之而来。many families struggled to make_ends_meet in economic crisis.经济危机时很多家庭努力使收支平衡。his life returned to normal after the war came_to_an_end.战争结束后他的生活恢复了正常。policemen were called out to put_an_end_to the disorder in the streets.警察被召来平息街头的骚乱。a.by the end of this week, i will_have_finished

31、most of the work.到本周末为止，我将会完成大部分工作。bhis newly written novel had_been_translated into english by the end of last month.上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。i ended_up_doing all the work myself.结果所有的活儿都是我一个人干的。例2、a (great) number of 许多；大量的such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sl

32、eeping.(p27)那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生在人们睡觉的时候。【归纳拓展】可数名词复数不可数名词可数名词复数或不可数名词【名师点睛】(1)a large/great number of “许多的；大量的”，后面跟可数名词复数形式。number之前可加某些表示数量大小的形容词。a number of加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。(2)a great many后修饰可数名词时，通常不加of，但名词前有定冠词the或形容词性物主代词修饰时要加上of。(3)large quantities ofpl. n/ un.作主语，谓语动词用复数；a large quantity ofpl.

33、n. /un.作主语，谓语动词用单数；large amounts ofu n作主语，谓语动词用复数。(4)可数名词单数谓语(单数形式)【语境助记】a large number of people have_applied for the job.许多人申请了这工作。the number of homeless people has_increased dramatically.无家可归者的人数急剧增加了。with more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed away.由于越来越多的森林被砍伐

34、，大量的土壤正被冲走。a great deal of money has_been_spent on the new hospital.在这家新医院上面已经花费了大量金钱。一言辨异now a_number_of college graduates are seeking to get a highpaid job. but the_number_of posts available for them is often not enough.如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但可得到的岗位的数量却经常不足。高频考点三、句型冲关例1、in the farmyards, the chick

35、ens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_eat. (p26)在农场里，鸡群甚至连猪都紧张得不吃食了。【归纳拓展】too.to. 本意“太而不能”，表示否定意义，而在下列情况中表示肯定意义：only/just/but too.to. “非常去做”too前的only/just/but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气too后面的形容词为表示心情或描绘性形容词的时候，如：happy, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, anxious, eager, kind, good等，表示肯定意义。too.to.

36、中的too前面有never/can't等时，此结构为双重否定表示肯定。can't. too/enough.意为“越越好；再也不为过”。【语境助记】it's too_late_to_do anything about it now.现在进行任何补救都为时已晚。you can't_be_too_careful while driving a car.在开车时，你越小心越好。he is only too_delighted_to accept your invitation.他非常高兴地接受了你的邀请。upon hearing the teacher's ta

37、lk, the children probably felt that it sounded too_good_to_be_true.听到老师的话，孩子们很可能觉得事情听起来太好了而有些不太真实。2016·天津高考i hate it when she calls me at worki'm always too_busy_to_carry_on a conversation with her.我讨厌在我工作时她打电话过来，我总是忙得不能和她交谈。例2、it seemed as_if the world was at an end！ 仿佛到了世界末日！【名师点睛】如果as if

38、引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。【语境助记】he behaved as if nothing had_happened.他表现得若无其事。2016·江苏高考more generally, the internet functions as if it_were my memory.一般来说，网络起得作用就好像它是我的记忆一样。the football player is rolling on the ground as if (he_is)_hurt_badly i

39、n the leg.这个足球运动员在操场上打着滚，似乎他的腿伤得很厉害。it looks as if it_isn't clean enough to swim here.看起来(水)好像不太干净，不能在这儿游泳。tom raised his right hand as though/if (he_was)_to_say something.汤姆举起右手好像要说什么。例3、all hope was not lost.(p26)并不是所有的希望都破灭了。【归纳拓展】(1)英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete

40、ly, always, whole, entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用时，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。【名师点睛】both的全部否定为neither； all的全部否定为none； either 与否定词连用表全部否定。【语境助记】it's impossible for all th

41、e applicants to get the jobs, because not_all_of_them are fit for them.所有的求职者都找到工作是不可能的，因为并非所有人都能胜任这些工作。both of the two math problems are_not very difficult.not_both of the two math problems are very difficult.这两道数学题并非都很难。he told me all pieces of the news, but none_of_them was very exciting.他告诉了我所有的

42、消息，但没有一条激动人心的。高频考点四、语法冲关定语从句()（1）在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。（2）关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：(1)连接主从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。（3）关系代词的基本用法指代对象指代人指代物使用情况主语who, thatwhich，that从句中缺少主语或宾语宾语whom, thatwhich，that定语whosewhose先行

43、词与空后的名词有所属关系she is the girl who/that lives next door.a man who/that is perfectly pleased with the present state of things is a failure.do you know the man whose name is wang bing?the building which/that stands near the river is our school.that is the book that/which i want to read.the building whose

44、 windows face south was built last year.（4）关系代词的选择条件：从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。注意：有些情况只用that不用which，或只用which不用that，要在平时学习中不断积累。 【2018·浙江卷】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。a in 1812, the year charles dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in britain. people had been writing novels

45、 for a centurymost experts date the first novel to robinson crusoe in 1719but nobody wanted to do it professionally. the steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in england was under 50%. many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often

46、with something like “by a lady.”novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.in 1870, when dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their

47、readership and whose characters from oliver twist to tiny tim were held up as moral touchstones. today dickens greatness is unchallenged. removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of english literature would make about as much sense as the louvre selling off the mona lisa.how did dickens get to the top? f

48、or all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. some 60,000 novels were published during the victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. its partly true that dicke

49、ns style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. its partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. but its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. no one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and

50、luck made dickens such a singular writer. but as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.21. which of the following best describes british novels in the 18th century?a. they were difficult to under

51、stand.b. they were popular among the rich.c. they were seen as nearly worthless.d. they were written mostly by women.22. dickens is compared with the mona lisa in the text to stress_.a. his reputation in franceb. his interest in modern artc. his success in publicationd. his importance in literature2

52、3. what is the authors purpose in writing the text?a. to remember a great writer.b. to introduce an english novel.c. to encourage studies on culture.d. to promote values of the victorian age.【答案】21. c 22. d 23. a【解析】本文写于charles dickens诞辰200周年前夕，介绍了charles dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。 22. 推理判断题。根据第二段dic

53、kens greatness is unchallenged.和列举的charles dickens小说的影响可知，把他和mona lisa相比是为了说明charles dickens在英国小说方面的重要性和mona lisa在绘画方面的重要性是一样的，故选d。23. 写作意图题。根据文中对charles dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后but as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own cultureto understand

54、how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是写于charles dickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选a。 bsteven stein likes to follow garbage trucks. his strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage truc

55、ks as they drive down the road. what is even more interesting is that one of stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags. americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. so many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of c

56、ities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . the bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in california, including los angeles. eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. and while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all gar