综合英语-book3-unit-8-Genius-Sacrificed-for-Faliure

1、 Unit 8 Genius Sacrificed for FailureTeaching Objectives1.Topic: Social inequalities2.Grammar points: Sentences with objective complements (adj. or v-ed/v-ing)3.Vocabulary: anonymous, pent-up, integrity, nurture, commitment, hoard, sacrifice, dismiss, autobiography, pseudonym, take ones toll, warn o

2、f/about, prefer to, hinge on, turn to, cry out, for fear of, in conflict with, hinge on, turn to, cry out, for fear of, at ones own expense4.Writing: Revision on expository writingP1 Listening and Speaking ActivitiesP2 Reading Comprehension and Language ActivitiesAims: Practicing reading comprehensi

3、on through discussing, reading, summarizing the reading passageUnderstanding that the social inequalities have had long and deep roots in human history by learning the story about the life of the BrontesLearning the vocabulary in the reading passageLearning guided writing in academic style through w

4、riting summaries· Introduce the vocabulary of genius, sacrificed to the students. · Ask the following questions: 1. Has anyone heard of the story/movie etc. of Jane Eyre?2. Does anyone know who wrote the story? Important cultural information about the three sisters of the Brontes1.Charlott

5、e Bronte: born on 21 April 1816 in Thornton, Yorkshire, England. She died on 31 March 1855 from complications during pregnancy. Her most famous work is Jane Eyre. 推荐精选2.Emily Bronte: born on 30 July 1818 and died on 19 December 1848 from tuberculosis. Her best-known work is Wuthering Heights.3.Anne

6、Bronte: born on 17 January 1820 and died on 28 May 1948 from influenza. Her best-known work is Agnes Grey. The three sisters Charlotte, Emily and Anne first published their poetry under pseudonyms: Poems by Currer. Ellis and Acton Bell was released in 1846, selling only a few copies. The two sisters

7、, Emily and Charlotte, had almost simultaneously written what later became known as two of the great novels of English literature. Charlotte's novel Jane Eyre was published in 1847, shortly after Emily's Wuthering Heights. Jane Eyre was an immediate success and Charlotte went on to publish S

8、hirley (1848) and Villette (1853). She outlived her sisters but still was only 38 when she died during pregnancy. The three sisters all lived a tragic life, dying very young. Charlotte was the only one of the sisters to marry. Her novel The Professor was written before Jane Eyre but not published un

9、til 1857. As children the three precocious sisters and their brother Branwell dreamt up and wrote intricate histories of the fantasy kingdoms of Angria and Gondal; Legends of Angria, a collection of Charlotte's childhood writings, was published in 1933.Emily began writing Wuthering Heights in 18

10、45 and it was published late in 1847. The book's troubled lovers, Catherine Earnshaw and the stormy Heathcliff, have become famous figures in literature. Have the students read the story quickly and then give a brief summary of the reading passage. Explain language difficulties or cultural infor

11、mation using the notes below.Text AnalysisPara 1 During my youth in America's Appalachian mountains, I learned that farmers preferred sons over daughters, largely because boys were better at heavy farm labour. With only 3% of Americans in agriculture today, brain has supplanted brawn, yet cultur

12、al preferences, like bad habits, are easier to make than break. But history warns repeatedly of the tragic cost of dismissing too casually the gifts of the so-called weaker sex. 我年轻时去过美国的阿巴拉契亚山，从那儿我了解到农民们都重男轻女。这主要是因为男孩子们更适合做繁重的体力活。在当今的美国仅有3% 的人口从事农业， 脑力劳动取代了体力劳动。然而，人们的成见已根深蒂固，就像恶习，一旦沾上就难以改掉。但历史教训时刻警

13、示着世人们不要随意否定那些所谓的性别上的弱者的能力，否则将会付出悲剧性的代价。 summary In America's Appalachian mountains, the author learned that farmers traditionally preferred sons over daughters because boys were better at heavy farm labour.1. During my youth in America's Appalachian mountains, I learned that farmers preferre

14、d sons over daughters, largely because boys were better at heavy farm labour. prefer (sth. over / to sth.): to choose sth. rather than sth. else; like sth. betterI prefer coffee to tea.There father prefers them to be home early.note When we talk about general preference, we use 推荐精选"prefer doin

15、g sth." When we talk about preference in a specific situation, we use prefer to do sth. When we talk about two things, we use prefer doing sth. to doing sth. / prefer sth. to sth.Do you like swimming? Yes, but I prefer sailing.Can I give you a lift? No, thanks, I prefer to walk.I prefer sailing

16、 to swimming.be better at: (comparative of be good at) to be greater in excellence or higher in quality than another of the same class, set, or kind.My sister is better at writing . 2. With only 3% of Americans in agriculture today, brain has supplanted brawn, yet cultural preferences, like bad habi

17、ts, are easier to make than break. paraphrase In today's America, only 3% of Americans are in agriculture. People work by means of intelligence, not by physical strength. supplant: (fml) to displace and substitute for (another)The word processor has largely supplanted electric typewriters.Oil ha

18、s supplanted coffee as our main export. brawn: muscular strength and powerIt's a job needing brain rather than brawn. cultural preferences: traditionally biased opinion in favor of something or some type of people.3. But history warns repeatedly of the tragic cost of dismissing too casually the

19、gifts of the so-called weaker sex. paraphrase But history warns repeatedly that if we ignore the talent of the female, so-called weaker sex, we will pay for that. warn: to make aware in advance of actual or potential harm, danger, or evil; give sb notice of sth, esp. possible danger or unpleasant co

20、nsequences; inform sb in advance of what may happenShe has been warned of the danger of driving the car in that state.They warned her that if she did it again she would be sent to prison. The police warned them off the posted property.They called and warned me that they might be delayed.synonyms war

21、n caution forewarnThese verbs mean to give someone notice of and put the person on guard against actual or possible danger or risk. Warn, the most inclusive, implies well-timed notice that causes a person to be alert, vigilant, or wary: My father was warned by the neighbors that we were in great dan

22、ger. Caution often suggests a warning that calls for the use of circumspection or prudence, as in avoiding unpleasant consequences: The Secretary of State cautioned that terrorism would be countered by retaliatory action. Forewarn intensifies the sense of advance notice: Forewarned is forearmed.dism

23、iss: to end the employment or service of; discharge; to direct or allow to leaveHe was dismissed for insubordination. The chairman dismissed the meeting.推荐精选gift: a talent, an endowment, an aptitude, or a bent.He is a man of many gifts.He has a gift for poetry.the weaker sex / fair sex: It refers to

24、 females. The term presupposes that women are weaker than men and is thus considered as carrying undertones of sex discrimination. Para 2 About 150 years ago, a village church vicar in Yorkshire, England, had three lovely, intelligent daughters but his hopes hinged entirely on the sole male heir, Br

25、anwell, a youth with remarkable talent in both art and literature. 大约在150年以前，在英国的约克郡有个乡村牧师，他有三个聪明伶俐的女儿， 然而他却把毕生的希望全都寄托在他唯一的儿子勃兰威尔身上。这个年轻人在艺术与文学方面有着非凡的天赋。 summary Mr. Bronte invested all his hopes in his son, not his three daughters.1. About 150 years ago, a village church vicar in Yorkshire, England

26、, had three lovely, intelligent daughters but his hopes hinged entirely on the sole male heir, Branwell, a youth with remarkable talent in both art and literature. hinge: to consider or make (something) dependent on something else; predicateThis plan hinges on her approval.Everything hinges on the o

27、utcome of these talks. sole: one and only; single It's the sole cause of the accident. She is the sole survivor of the crash.Para 3 ：Branwell's father and sisters hoarded their pennies to pack him off to London's Royal Academy of Arts, but if art was his calling, he dialled a wrong numbe

28、r. Within weeks he hightailed it home, a penniless failure. 勃兰威尔的父亲和姐妹们拿出家里所有的积蓄把他送到英国皇家艺术学校深造。但是，如果把艺术作为他人生的目标的话他显然选错了方向。短短几周不到，他迅速离开学校返回家中，失败得毫无价值。 1.Branwell's father and sisters hoarded their pennies to pack him off to London's Royal Academy of Arts, but if art was his calling, he dialed

29、 a wrong number. paraphrase Branwell's father and sisters set aside all their earning to send him to London's Royal Academy of Arts, but although the boy took art as his career, he didn't know how to approach it in the right way, i.e. he made a wrong choice. hoard their pennies: to save

30、every penny. The verb hoard indicates the thrifty life the family led in order to save every penny.hoard: to gather,save or accumulate She hoards her money and she never spends it.People found hoarding during the famine were punished. to pack him off to: to send him to (preparing the luggage and pro

31、viding fare for him)When the Christmas season was over, the parents packed the children off to the boarding school.pack: 1) to fold, roll, or combine into a bundle; wrap up推荐精选2) put sth into a container for transport or storing; fill with sth. He takes a packed lunch to work every day. The show pla

32、yed to packed houses. idiomspack one's bags: (prepare to) leavepack sth away: to put sth into a box, cupboard, etc because it is not neededpack in: to stop doing or saying sth that angers or annoys sb elsepack sb. off: to send sb away, esp quickly and decisivelypack up: to put into cases, etc be

33、fore leaving a place2. Within weeks he hightailed it home, a penniless failure. paraphrase A few weeks later, he ran back home like a defeated dog in a great hurry.hightail it: to escape, run quickly They hightailed it from the danger zones.I hightailed it all this way.hightail: v. (colloq.) to hurr

34、yI hightailed out of there. Para 4 Hopes still high, the family landed Branwell a job as a private tutor, hoping this would free him to develop his literature skills and achieve the success and fame that he deserved. Failure again. 家人对他依旧抱有很高的期望，他们为他找了份私人家教的工作，希望这能使他有足够自由发展的空间，提高写作技巧，最后获得他本应获得的成功和名誉

35、。但又一次以失败告终。 1.Hopes still high, the family landed Branwell a job as a private tutor, hoping this would free him to develop his literature skills and achieve the success and fame that he deserved. the family landed Brawnwell a job .: The family found Brawnwell a job. The verb land implies the job was

36、 not a happy one for Brawnwell. land: (colloq.) to find, to getShe landed a job as a bank clerk.The coach hoped to land two first-class players.She has landed more than 20 TV-drama plays in six years.free sb. to do: not to controlled by obligation or the will of anotherYou'd better free him to d

37、o that work.You're free to come and go as you please.You are free to do as you wish.deserve: to be worthy of; meritThese people deserve our help.He richly deserved all that happened to him. Para 5 For years the selfless sisters squelched their own goals, farming themselves out as teachers and go

38、vernesses in support of their increasingly indebted brother, convinced that the world must eventually recognise his genius. As failures multiplied, Branwell turned to alcohol, then opium, and eventually died as he had lived: a failure. So died hope in the one male but what of the three anonymous sis

39、ters? 多年来他无私的姐妹们一如既往地支持着他，为了支援她们债台高筑的兄弟， 她们努力压抑自己的追求，劳累奔波, 做着老师和家庭女教师。她们深信总有一天兄弟的才华会为世人瞩目。然而她们的兄弟在经过一次又一次的失败打击后，开始酗酒，吸毒，自暴自弃，最终由于不得志抑郁而死。他的去世带走了家人深厚的期望，但那同样出类拔萃的三姐妹后来怎样了呢？ 推荐精选1. For years the selfless sisters squelched their own goals, farming themselves out as teachers and governesses in support o

40、f their increasingly indebted brother, convinced that the world must eventually recognise his genius. squelch their own goals: to sacrifice their own ambitionssquelch: v. to crush by or as if by trampling; squash; to put down as with a crushing retortThe president wants to squelch any perception tha

41、t the meeting is an attempt to negotiate. The army squelched the student demonstration. farming themselves out: going out to work for a wagefarm out: to send out or delegate to be done by otherWe're so busy we have to farm out a lot of work. convince: to bring by the use of argument or evidence

42、to firm belief or a course of actionHe convinced me that I should study law. It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt.cf. convince persuadeAccording to a traditional rule, one persuades someone to act but convinces someone of the truth of a statement or proposition: By convincing me tha

43、t no good could come if staying, he persuaded me to leave. If the distinction is accepted, then "convince" should not be used with an infinitive: He persuaded (not convinced) me to go. In an earlier survey, a majority of the Usage Panel held that this distinction should be maintained, but

44、the use of convince with an infinitive has become increasingly common even among reputable writers, and it is unlikely that this structure can be maintained for much longer.2. As failures multiplied, Branwell turned to alcohol, then opium, and eventually died as he had lived: a failure. paraphrase B

45、ranwell failed again and again, and he addicted to alcoholic drink. He died a failure just as he was a failure when he was alive. multiply: to increase the amount, number, or degree of.Our problems have multiplied since last year.It is possible to multiply bacteria and other living organisms in the

46、laboratory. turn to something / doing something: 1) to direct one's attention to and begin to do it regularly. 2) go to sb / sth for help, advice, etc.Since you don't have a gift for music, you'd better turn to painting.She has nobody she can turn to. The more depressed he got, the more

47、he turned to drink.idiomsas it turned out: as was shown or proved by later eventsturn round and do sth.: to say or do sth that displeases sb.turn against: to become unfriendly or hostile towards sb. turn away: to refuse to allow sb to enter a place; refuse to give help or support to sb. turn down: t

48、o reject or refuse to considerturn sth in: to give back sth that one no longer needs; return sth. 推荐精选turn off: to leave one road in order to travel on another3. So died hope in the one male - but what of the three anonymous sisters? paraphrase so the hope in the sole son overturned, but how about h

49、is three sisters who write anonymously? Para 6 During Branwell's last years, the girls published a book of poetry at their own expense (under a pseudonym, for fear of reviewers' bias against females). Even Branwell might have snickered: they sold only 2 copies. 在勃兰威尔最后的几年里，三姐妹自费出版了一部诗集（用的是笔名

50、，怕引起评论家的性别歧视），但只售出了两本。可能连勃兰威尔也暗地里嘲笑过此事。 1. For years the selfless sisters squelched their own goals, farming themselves out as teachers and governesses in support of their increasingly indebted brother, convinced that the world must eventually recognise his genius. at one's own expense: with sb&

51、#39;s own paying We were entertained at the editor's expense.idiomsat the expense of sth.: with loss or damage to sth.no expense spared: with no regard for the cost for fear of: in case; to avoid the danger of sth happeningWe spoke in whispers for fear of waking the baby. She was afraid to say a

52、nything to them for fear of hurting their feelings. idiomsfor fear of/that-clause: because of anxiety about, in order that . should not occur He left an hour early for fear of missing of his train.She worried for fear (that) the child would be hurt.in fear of: anxious about They are in fear of more

53、heavy rain tomorrow.without fear or favour: fairly, justlyIn this company, promotions are given without fear or favour.in fear and trembling 2. Even Branswell might have snickered: they sold only 2 copies. paraphrase Even Branswell might have laughed at them for the fact that they had only sold two

54、copies of their booksnicker: v. to laugh secretlysnicker at sb.: to laugh at sb. secretly snicker to oneself: to laugh secretly Para 7 Undaunted, they continued in their spare time, late at night by candlelight, to pour out their pent-up emotion, writing of what they knew best, of women in conflict

55、with their natural desires and social condition in reality, less fiction than autobiography! And 19th century literature was transformed by Anne's Agnes Grey, Emily's Wuthering Heights, and Charlotte's Jane Eyre. 然而她们并没有因此而灰心丧气，在闲暇时她们仍是不停地写，时常写到深夜。在微弱的烛光里不停地写，尽情地宣泄着被压抑的情感，写她们最能够体会的关于女人的东

56、西- 即女人的自然欲望与世俗的抵触与矛盾- 都很现实，没有自传那么夸张，脱离实际。这三姐妹的作品：安的艾格尼斯格雷，爱米丽的呼啸山庄和夏洛特的简爱，在19世纪的文坛引起轩然大波。 推荐精选Undaunted, they continued in their spare time, late at night by candlelight, to pour out their pent-up emotion, writing of what they knew best, of women in conflict with their natural desires and social con

57、dition - in reality, less fiction than autobiography! pour out: (cause sth to ) be expressed freely (and fully)When he realized we know the truth the whole story came pouring out.She poured out her troubles to me over a cup of coffee. idiomspour oil on the flames: to make a bad situation worsepour o

58、il on troubled waters: (try to ) calm a disagreement, violent dispute, etc.pour scorn on: to speak of sb / sth with contempt pent-up: (of feelings) not expressed; repressedShe still had a lot of pent-up anger to release. He poured out a lot of pent-up frustration.in conflict with: in opposition or disagreement; be incompatible; clashYour statement is in conflict with the rest of the evidence. Your duty is in conflict with your desires. less fiction than autobiography: The books they wrote were mo