商务翻译-Introduction I

1、Amy H., STS, JNUBusiness TranslationTel:E-mail: Amy H., STS, JNU Whats Business Translation?How to teach?How to learn?How to assess?You may want to know:Amy H., STS, JNUTG & BT : nTranslation in general: nAll activities concerning turning from one language to another, including busi

2、ness translationnBusiness translation: nBusiness texts (specific fields)Amy H., STS, JNUWhats Business Translation?nBusiness Translation is a practice - oriented elective course which aims to enhance students translation competence through intensive translation practice in a great variety of busines

3、s texts. Amy H., STS, JNUBusiness Texts nBrand names nBusiness cards nAdvertisements nEnterprise profiles nProduct descriptions nBusiness correspondences nContracts and agreements nBusiness laws and regulations nDocuments nTeaching PlannIntroduction & Chapter 1 & 2 nChapter 3 & 4 Charact

4、eristics and Translation of BEVS nChapter 6 Adverts nChapter 9 Brand names nChapter 5 Business Cards nChapter 7 Enterprise Profiles nChapter 8 Product DescriptionsnChapter 10 Business Correspondence nChapter 11 ContractsnChapter 12 documents (L/C)Amy H., STS, JNUHow to learn?Sec 6Sec 4Sec 2Sec8Sec 7

5、返回返回Intensive Practice Extensive Reading Strategies & Skills solid S/T languagebusiness knowledgeAmy H., STS, JNU40% Class Performance10% attendance 30% homework & quizzes60% Final ExamHow to assess: Amy H., STS, JNUThe stylistic features of business English n1. Textual types P.14n2. The lex

6、ical features P.19n3. Characteristics of Syntax & text P.37 n4. Translation criteria P.2 Amy H., STS, JNU1. Textual types P.13nDaily affairs letters 日常事务函件nNotes &notices 便条和通知nMemos 备忘录nBusiness Letters 商务函件nMinutes 会议纪要nBusiness report 商务报告nAdvertisements 商务广告nAgreement or contract 协议/合同nB

7、ills and forms 单据与表格nAmy H., STS, JNU1. 1 Fixed type 固定格式型固定格式型nContracts and Documents: nContract 合同合同nLetter of credit ( L /C) 信用证信用证nDraft 汇票汇票nBill of lading (B/L)提单提单nCertificate of origin 产地证产地证nAmy H., STS, JNU1.2 Informative type 传递信息型传递信息型nBusiness Letters: nEnquiry letter询盘询盘nOffer 报盘报盘nCo

8、unteroffer 还盘还盘nIndent / Order 订单订单nAmy H., STS, JNU1.3 Persuasive type 劝说诱导型劝说诱导型nSales letter 推销信推销信nProduct ads 产品广告产品广告nTrade mark 商标商标nInstruction 产品说明书产品说明书nClaim letter 索赔函索赔函nCollection letter 催款函催款函Amy H., STS, JNU2. The lexical features P. 19n2.1 Technical Terms n2.2 Abbreviation / contrac

9、tion n2.3 Polysemy : connotation & denotationn2.4 Archaic words n2.5 Formal style n2.6 Coin words Amy H., STS, JNU2. 1 Technical Terms P.19nLetter of credit 信用证nStockholding 库存nDown payment 定金nRemittance 汇付nShipping advice 装船通知nUnderwriters 保险商nanti-dumping measures 反倾销措施nquota free products 非配额

10、产品nIf all the terms and conditions in the credit are not complied with, the exporter may run the risk of his draft being dishonored by the bank.n如果信用证信用证的条款条款不一致，出口商的汇票汇票有可能遭到银行拒付拒付。nInsurance on the goods shall be covered by us for 110% of the CIF value, and any extra premium for additional coverag

11、e, if required, shall be borne by the buyers.n将由我方按照到岸价到岸价的发票金额110%办理办理该货的保险保险，如果需要，额外增加的保险保险费用将由买方承担。Amy H., STS, JNUcommon noun+s technical termnFuture（将来） futures（期货）nOption（选择） options（期权）nBond（结合） bonds（不记名债券）nMargin（边缘） margins（期权保证金）nReturn（回来）returns（利润）nLead & lag（领先或落后） leads & lag

12、s（提前或延期结汇）nLiability（责任） liabilities（负债）nCustom（习惯） customs（海关）nSecurity（安全） securities（证券）Amy H., STS, JNUSemi-professional vocabulary P.20nBalance （平衡- 结余，差额）nInterest （利益-利息）nPoint（点，要点-汇价点）nDocument (文档，文件-单据)nAcceptance（接受-承兑）nMaturity（成熟-到期）nSettlement (解决-结算）nFace （面容，表面- 票面）Amy H., STS, JNUn

13、Provided you fulfill the terms of the credit, we will accept and pay at maturity daten我行将承兑承兑并于期满期满时支付信用证项下提示的汇票。nRegarding our outstanding account US $5,000, we must request you to send us immediately your check in settlement.n关于未付清未付清的5，000美元，贵方请立即寄来支票，以便结账结账。Amy H., STS, JNU2.2 Commercial Abbrevi

14、ation P.21n缩略词特点缩略词特点：语言简洁凝练、信息量大、使用方便，而且容易书写、易读易记。n其表现形式主要有以下其表现形式主要有以下4种：种：n1. 首字母缩略词(acronym / initialism )n2. 截短词(clipped word)n3. 以辅音为核心组成的缩略词n4. 利用同音或近音字母组成的缩略词n5. 其他Amy H., STS, JNU1. 首字母缩略词(acronym / initialism )nAPEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)n亚太经济合作组织nCBD ( Central Business Distri

15、ct) n中心商务区nCEO (Chief Executive Officer) n首席执行官nIAG (International Auditing Guideline)n国际审计指南nGDP (Gross Domestic Product)n国內生产忌值Amy H., STS, JNUn (Investment Value) n投资价值nFOUO (For Official Use Only) n官方填写 (如在签证申请表里出现)nFS (Finial Settlement)n最后结算nFS (Feasible study) n可行性研究nFYI (For Your Information

16、) n仅供您参考nD/A (Document against Acceptance)n承兑交单nPOD (Pay on Delivery)n发货付款nB/L (Bill of Lading)n提货单nI/P (Insurance Policy)n保险单nFOB (Free On Board) n离岸价nCWO (Cash With Order) n订货付款nL/C (Letter of Credit) n信用证 Amy H., STS, JNU2. 截短词(clipped word)nPro (professional) 专业人士nCap (capital) 资本nPhone (telepho

17、ne) 电话nCorp (corporation) 公司nBat (battery) 电池nInt. (interest) 利息nInf. (information) 信息nMemo (memorandum) 备忘录nGas (gasoline) 汽油3. 以辅音为核心组成的缩略词 可用大写字母，也可以用小写字母nFrt. （freight） 运费nGds (goods) 商品nHdqrs (headquarters) 总部nMkt. (market) 市场nPd (paid) 已付nBK (bank) 银行nMSG (message) 信息nRcvd ( received) 已收到nAmt

18、(amount) 总数nDiv ( dividend) 股息nInstr. nInstrument 票据nArvd. nArrived 到达nYd.nYard 码nAcpt.nAccept 接受nWks.n weeks 周nNTWKnNetwork 网络Amy H., STS, JNU4. 利用同音或近音字母组成的缩略词 这种缩写词相对较少nBiz (business)商业、生意nOz (ounce)盎司nOzws. (otherwise)否则nWud (would)会、愿意nThru (through)通过nU (you)你nur.(your)你的Amy H., STS, JNU5. 其他商

19、务单词缩略语n(1) 单词开头几个字母的缩略单词开头几个字母的缩略nCERT certificatenDOC documentnINV- invoicenSPEC specificationnINFO informationnEXPO expositionAmy H., STS, JNUn(2) 单词开头几个字母和后面辅音字母的缩略nCONSGNT consignmentnGOVT governmentnSHIPMT shipmentn(3)字母符号组合缩略，还有几个单词的首字母加上符号组合的缩略nH/H house to house （集装箱）门到门nI/D import declarati

20、on 进口申请书nI/E import/export 进出口nP&I Protection and Industry Club保障赔偿协会 Amy H., STS, JNU2.3 Polysemy 一词多义一词多义 P.24nInstrument of payment 支付工具工具nInstrument of pledge 抵押契据契据nInstrument of ratification 批准证书证书nInstrument of acquisition 购置凭证凭证nnegotiable instrument 流通票据票据Amy H., STS, JNUSoft nsoft mark

21、etn（一种证券或整个市场滑向更低的价格水平）n译文：译文：疲软疲软市场（即：以低价或跌价为特征的市场）nsoft loann（宽松的，不苛刻的）n译文：译文：软软贷款（较宽松的较宽松的还款条件利息较低利息较低的的贷款）Amy H., STS, JNUDeposit nIn order to rent a car, you have to have a major credit card, such as Master Card, Visa, or American Express. Without a credit card you may have to pay a very high d

22、eposit on the car. (订金，押金）n译文：译文：租车时你必须有一种大公司的信用卡，如万事达卡、维萨卡，或者美国运通卡。你若没有信用卡，也许得付一笔高额押金押金。nThe deposit money carries a higher interest rate than that of the current account. （定期的）n译文：译文：定期定期存款利率要比活期账户的利率高一些。Amy H., STS, JNUDiscount nThe store discounts all its unsalable merchandise. (v. 打折扣；削价出售)n译文：

23、译文：那家商店削价出售削价出售所有滞销商品。nWe shall lodge a 90-day note in the bank for discount. n译文：译文：我们将把一张90天的期票交银行贴现贴现。n（贴现贴现：指以未到期的票据向银行融资，银行扣除自买日进至到期日的利息，并收取一定的手续费后，将余下的票面金额付给持票人。）Amy H., STS, JNUDiscountnThe interest that borrowers pay for their loans or for their notes discounted forms the major source of ban

24、ks income. ( 贴现）n译文：译文：借款人支付贷款或贴现贴现票据的利息构成了银行主要收入的来源。nWe give a 10% discount for cash. (n. 折扣)n译文：译文：现金付款，我们予以九折折优惠。Amy H., STS, JNUCreditnThe shop only allows people six months credit. n这家商店只准许人们6个月的赊欠期赊欠期。nDoes this item go among the credits or the debits?n这笔账应记入贷方贷方还是借方？Amy H., STS, JNUBalance nY

25、ou can get the balance of your account by adding the amount of each deposit as it is made and subtracting the amount of each check as it is written.n加上每次存款金额，减去每次支票的开出金额，便可得出账户的金额金额。nIf a country exports more than it imports, it is receiving foreign currency and has a balance of trade surplus.n如果一个国

26、家的出口大于进口，它就不断得到外币，并且获得贸易收支收支顺差。Amy H., STS, JNUCover nThe company will have a US$25,000 allocation to cover expenses. n公司将有2. 5万美元拨款用来支付支付开销。nWe wish to inform you that for goods sold on CIF basis, insurance is to cover All Risks & War Risks for 110% of the invoice valuen我们想通知你方，以CIF成交的货物，我们以发票金

27、额110 %投保投保一切险和战争险。Amy H., STS, JNUAverage nIndustrial averages were up.n工业股票的平均价格平均价格在上涨。nAverage is of two kinds: General Average and Particular Average.n海损费用海损费用有两种：一种是共同海损，另一种是单独海损。Amy H., STS, JNUSecurity nHe gave his house as a security. (抵押)n他以房子做抵押抵押。nTreasury securities are revalued daily. (

28、证券 )n国库券券每天都重新估价。Amy H., STS, JNUAccount nTo have / open/close an account at / with a bank n在银行有账户账户；在银行开立/结清账户账户nShe works in accounts.n她在会计部门会计部门任职。nHe company is one of our major accounts. So we should do our best to satisfy their needs.n那家公司是我们的主要客户客户之一，因此我们得尽可能满足他们的需求。Amy H., STS, JNU2.4 Archai

29、c words nHere/there/where+介词构成的古体词介词构成的古体词n基本规则基本规则: nHere - thisnThere - thatnwhere- which/whatnHere / there / where + 介词介词n=介词介词 + this / that /which or whatAmy H., STS, JNU 介词n单介词单介词：nafter, as, at, by, fore, from, in, of, nto, under, upon , unto , with;n双介词双介词nin + after , in + before; to + fore

30、nhereafter： after this time, in the future 此后，今后nhereinafter: later in this contract 以下，在下文中nhereunder: under this 以下，在下文nhereby: by means of , by reason of this 据此，兹，特此nherein: in this 在此，于此nhereunto: in this 在此，于此nhereof: of this 关于此点；在本文件中nherewith: with this 同此，因此nhereto: to this 至此，在此nhereinbef

31、ore: in the preceding part of this contract 以上，在上文中nheretofore: until now 迄今为止；在此之前nHereupon: as the result of this 于此，因此nHerefrom: from this; thus 由此；因此；从此Amy H., STS, JNUnthereafter: afterwards 其后nthereby: by that means, in that connection 因此，从而ntherein: in that 在那里；在那方面nthereinafter: later in the

32、 same contract 以下nthereunder: under that 依据nthereof: of that 其中nthereto: to that 随附nthereon: on that 在其上nthereupon: then, as the result of that 因此ntherewith: with that or it 与此ntherefrom: from that 从此, 由此ntherefor: 因此，为此因此，为此nthereinbefore: in a preceding part of the same contract 在上文Amy H., STS, JN

33、Unwhereas : because of the fact that 鉴于 nwhereby： by which; because of which 凭此；借以；由于nwherein: in which place, situation or thing 在那里；在那种情况下；其中nwhereof： of what / which 关于nwhereon: on what 在其上nwhereupon: on what 在其上； as a result of this 据此；因此nwherefrom: from which, from where; 出于什么, 从哪里Amy H., STS,

34、JNUHereafternHereafter （also hereinafter / hereunder) ：nAfter this ; In the rest part of this document n以下；下文以下；下文nHereinafter 最正式最正式n the South Australia Housing Trust (hereafter called the Trust).n 南澳住房托拉斯（以下以下简称托拉斯）Amy H., STS, JNUHereinaftern该词意为：later in the same Contract，“以以下下”，“在下文在下文”n一般与 to

35、 be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用，以避免重复。 Amy H., STS, JNUHereinafternHereinafter: later in the same Contract n以下，在下文n通常与 to be referred to as, referred as, called 连用。nThis Agreement is made and concluded on _, (date) _ (year), by and between _(hereinafter called Party A) and _(hereina

36、fter called Party B). n本协议书于_年_月_日由_（以下以下简称甲方）与_ (以下以下简称乙方) 签订。Amy H., STS, JNUHereunder：= under this agreement在本合约内、依据本合约、据此nobligations hereundern即：obligations under this agreementn本合约内本合约内的义务nrights granted hereundern即： rights granted under this agreement n依本合约依本合约所赋予的权利 Amy H., STS, JNUHereby n该

37、词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement，“特此”，“因此”，“兹”，“在此”。n此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语，在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用，表示当事人借此合约，表示当事人借此合约，要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”，如保证、同意、放弃权利等，一般放于主语后，紧邻主语。 Amy H., STS, JNUHerebynThe Company hereby covenants and warrants that n即：By this agreement the Company covenants an

38、d warrants thatn公司特此特此保证nBoth parties hereby agree thatn即：By this agreement both parties agree thatn双方当事人特此特此同意 Amy H., STS, JNU HerebynAs A desires to export to B the goods specified herein and B desires to import the goods from A, A and B hereby agree as follows: n鉴于甲方愿意向乙方出口本合同本合同所规定之物品，乙方愿意从甲方进口

39、上述货物，据此据此，甲乙双方特订立下列条款:Amy H., STS, JNUHereinn该词意为：in this agreement，“此中”，“于此”，表示上文已提及的“本合同（中）本合同（中）的的，本法（中）的，本法（中）的”等。n一般置于所修饰词后，紧邻所修饰词。Amy H., STS, JNUHereinnto file a suit in the court agreed to herein n即： to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement;n向当事人于本合约中本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;nto follow

40、 the terms and conditions herein n即：to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement.n遵守本合约本合约所规定的条件。 Amy H., STS, JNUHereinn该词意为：in this 在此；于此在此；于此nThe minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. n在此在此规定的最低特许权使用费应由乙方付给甲方。Amy H., STS, JNUHereunto:n该词意为： in this 在此，于此nWe

41、 have hereunto subscribed our Names. n我们谨在此在此签名作证. Amy H., STS, JNUHereof n该词意为：of this agreement，“关于此点”；“在本文件中”，表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的”，一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。nto take effect on the date hereof n即： to take effect on the date of this agreementn于本合约之本合约之日期生效。nthe headings of the sections hereof n即： the headi

42、ngs of the sections of this agreement n本合约本合约各条款之标题。 Amy H., STS, JNUHerewith n该词意为：该词意为： with this 同此，因此同此，因此nWe herewith enclose a copy of the policy for your referencen随函随函附上一份保险单，以供参考。Amy H., STS, JNUHereto n该词意为：该词意为：to this agreement，“至此至此”，“在此在此”，表示上文已提及的，表示上文已提及的“本合同的本合同的本文件的本文件的”，一般置于要修饰的名词

43、的后，一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。面，与之紧邻。nitems specified in Attachment I and hereto n即： items specified in Attachment I to this agreement n本合约之本合约之附件1所列之各项。 Amy H., STS, JNUHeretonThis Agreement is made and concluded by and between AA Corporation (hereinafter called Party A) and BB Company (hereinafter called

44、Party B) whereby the Parties hereto agree to enter into the compensation trade under the terms and conditions set forth below:n本协议由AA公司(以下以下称甲方)与BB公司(以下以下称乙方)签订。本协议本协议双方同意按下列条款进行补偿贸易。Amy H., STS, JNUHereinbeforen该词意为：该词意为： in the preceding part of this contract 在上文中在上文中nWhere any provision hereinbef

45、ore conflicts with or is different from these Measures, the latter shall prevail. n前文前文规定与本办法有抵触或不一致的, 按本办法执行。Amy H., STS, JNUHeretoforen该词意为：该词意为： until now 迄今为止；迄今为止；在此之前在此之前n Heretofore, we sent out bills on the first of each month. n在此以前在此以前，我们在每个月的第一天发账单。nI herewith revoke any other proxy heret

46、ofore given.n在此我撤销此前此前所作的任何其他授权委托。Herefromn该词意为：该词意为： from this; thus 由此；因此；从此由此；因此；从此nContractor shall be responsible for its own labor relations with any of its employees, trade or union represented among its employees and shall negotiate and be responsible for adjusting all disputes between itsel

47、f and its employees or any union representing such employees. Contractors shall indemnify and hold Employer harmless for any damage or losses including attorneys fees resulting herefrom.n承包方应负责处理与其员工或代表员工的工会之间的劳资夭糸，压协商、调解与其员工或代表员工的工会之间的劳资纠纷。承包方应赔偿因此发生的包括律师费在内的损失或损坏，并保证用人单位免受此类损坏或损失。nthereafter: afte

48、rwards 其后nthereby: by that means, in that connection 因此，从而ntherein: in that 在那里；在那方面nthereinafter: later in the same contract 以下nthereunder: under that 依据nthereof: of that 其中nthereto: to that 随附nthereon: on that 在其上nthereupon: then, as the result of that 因此ntherewith: with that or it 与此ntherefrom: f

49、rom that 从此, 由此ntherefor: 因此，为此因此，为此ntherein before: in a preceding part of the same contract 在上文Amy H., STS, JNUThereaftern该词意为：该词意为： after that “此后此后; afterwards 其后其后”nShould either of the parties to the contract be prevented from executing contract by force majeure, such as earth quake, typhoon,

50、flood, fire, war etc, the prevented shall notify the other party by cable without any delay and written 15 days thereafter provide the detailed information of the events.n合同任何一方如遇到地震、台风、水灾、火灾、战争等不可抗力的情况而不能履行合同时，应立即将该情况电报通知对方，并在15天内天内告知详情。Amy H., STS, JNUTherebyn该词意为：by that means, in that connection

51、 因此，从而n【原文】 Not withstanding IB (Instructions to Bidders) 6.2, the Owner shall reserve the right to accept or reject any Bid, and to annul the bidding process and reject all Bids, at any time prior to the award of the Contract, without thereby incurring any liability affected Bidder or Bidders or an

52、y obligation, to inform the affected Bidder or Bidders of grounds for the action hereof.Amy H., STS, JNUTherebyn【译文】尽管投标者须知第6条第2款规定，业主在授标之前任何时候保留接受或拒绝任何投标、取消投标程序、拒绝所有投标的权利，且不承担由此由此对投标人造成的任何不利之责任，也不承担通知受影响的投标人有关业主做出这一决定的原因的义务。Amy H., STS, JNUThereinn该词意为：in that, in that particular context, in that r

53、espect，“在那里”，“在那点上”，“在那方面”，表示上文已提及的那部分。nThe insurance policy covers the building and any fixtures contained therein. n保险单为这座大楼及其其所有设施承保。Amy H., STS, JNUThereinnAll operations necessary for the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein shall, so far as compliance with

54、 the requirements of the Contract permits, he carried on so as not to interfere unnecessarily or improperly with.n在合同许可的范围内，在施工、竣工及维修工工程程缺陷过程中所必须进行的一切施工，均应避免遭受不必要和不合理的干扰。Amy H., STS, JNUThereinaftern该词意为：later in the same contract 以下nThe books first reference was innocuous, but the five references t

55、hereinafter were libelous per se.n该书的第一条引文没有问题，但接下来的接下来的五条引文本身具有诽谤性。nper se: p: se (from Latin) by itself - to show that you are referring to sth on its own, rather than in connection with other things. 本身，本身，本质上本质上。Amy H., STS, JNUThereundern该词意为：under that, “在其下”，“依照”， “依据”nThe Borrower fails to p

56、ay amount payable thereunder as amount shall become payable. n借款人未能支付按该协议规定按该协议规定到期应付的款项。 Amy H., STS, JNUThereofn该词意为：该词意为：of that 其中，它的，关于那其中，它的，关于那nThe headings and marginal notes in these terms and conditions shall not be deemed part thereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation o

57、r construction thereof or of the Contract.n本合同条款中的标题和旁注不应视为合同文本的合同文本的一部分，在理解或解释合同条款合同条款或合同本身时，也不应该考虑这些标题和旁注。Amy H., STS, JNUThereton该词意为：该词意为：to that, “随附随附”，“附之附之”nThe lease entitles the holder to use the buildings and any land attached thereto. n本租约持有人有权使用此建筑物以及所附属附属土地。Amy H., STS, JNUThereton【原文】

58、 If the Contractor shall fail to do any such work as aforesaid required by the Engineer, the Employer shall be entitled to employ and pay other persons to carry out the same and if such work is work which, in the opinion of the Engineer, the Contractor was liable to do at his own expense under the C

59、ontract, then all expenses consequent thereon or incidental thereto shall be recoverable from the Contractor by the Employer, or may be deducted by the Employer from any monies due or which may become due to the Contractor.Amy H., STS, JNUThereton【译文】如承包商未完成工程师要求的上述此种工作，雇主有权雇佣他人完成，如工程师认为，按合同规定此工作本应由

60、承包人自费完成，雇主应向承包人追偿由此发生的一切费用或间间接接费用，或从应付或可能应付给承包人的任何款项中予以扣除。Amy H., STS, JNUThereonn该词意为： on that 在其上；以为根据；由而产生nUpon completion of the Works the Contractor shall remove from the Site all the said Constructional Plant and Temporary Works remaining thereon and any unused materials provided by the Contractor.n工程完工后，承包人应将遗留在工地上的遗留在工地上的所有上述建筑设备、临建工程设施及