初中英语名词专项讲解

1、No Cross, No crown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹名词一 导入：有一天，一只老钟对一只小钟说：你一年里要摆525600下啦。”小钟吓坏了，说哇,这么多，这怎么可能？！我怎么能完成那么多下呢！”这时候，另一只老钟笑着说：不用怕，你只需一秒钟摆一下，每一秒坚持下来就可以了。”小钟高兴了，想着：一秒钟摆一下好像并不难啊，试试看吧。果然，很轻松地就摆了一下。不知不觉一年过去了，小钟已经摆了525600下！很简单的故事，却寓意着深刻的道理，当我们面对大困难的时候，往往望而怯步，孰不知只要根据实 际，分期制定小目标，一一完成就行了。二专题讲解：掌握要点：名词的分类（专有名词和普通名词）名词的数1）

2、区分可数名词和不可数名词，区分方法2）可数名词的复数变化，分为规则变化及不规则变化 名词所有格 含义、构成 两种形式：所有格及of所有格 知识点：一、名词的分类1 .专有名词：名字（人名、地名、书名、机构名 卜与国家有关的（国家、国民、语言卜日期（节日、星 期、月份）例句： My name is Lucy . I am a Chinese . I will go to the Great Wall on Monday .2 .普通名词：包括可数名词和不可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物例：sister、table、bike、window可数名词.集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物例：family、

3、police、class、group不可数名词物质名词-抽象名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例：water、air、wood表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例：danger、interest区分方法：将物体分成两半，如果每半不能叫原名，则为可数名词，如果还可叫原名，则为不可数名 词。注：有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，例：glass作玻璃杯时可数，作玻璃时不可数。身兼二职的名词对照表glassfishchickentime可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次、倍不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orangelightpaperhair可数叱电灯报纸/试卷（几根）头发不可数橘汁光纸头发exerciseidealifewor

4、k可数练习题士忌/忌见生命著作不可数锻炼了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可数火鸡收音机青年人经历不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻、青春经验interestroom可数爱好房间不可数兴趣空间【注意】（1） family, class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数;（2） 部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念：police指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。The police（主语）+谓语动词复数people指人们、人民，本身表示复数。（The） people+谓语动词复数people指民族，有单、复数变化e.g. fifty-six p

5、eoples五十六个民族二、名词的单复数形式（1）规则变化：名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s或-es1、一般情况在词尾直接加s ,例bagso2、 以 s、 x、 sh、 ch 结尾的词力口 -es,例 bus-buses box-boxes3、以辅音字母+y”结尾的词，y变成i加-es例city-cities ;以元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加 s。4、以。结尾的除potato（马铃薯）、tomato（西红柿）、hero（英雄）力口 es,其余直接加 s。5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数变 f或fe为v力口 es, roof、proof直接加-s,例 life-lives wife-w

6、ives roof-roofs。（2）不规则变化1、单词拼写发生变化man-men woman-women policeman-policemen foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-micechild-children2、某国人变复数，口诀： 中日不变英法变，其余 s加后面例：an Englishman-Englishmen an American-Americans3、单复数形式相同常用分以下几类：表小动物的名词deer 鹿，fish 鱼，sheep 绵羊，bison 野牛，crab 螃蟹表示人的名词Chinese 中国人，Japanese日本人，Swiss瑞士人，ki

7、n 亲 属craft及由-craft构成的名词craft 飞机， aircraft 飞机， spacecraft 太空船表示数量的名词Hundred 百，thousand 千,million 白力，dozen 打， score二十其他series 系歹U; species 种类； means 方法(3)不可数名词一般只用单数，它不能与例：a cup of coffee(一杯咖啡)a/an及数次搭配使用。表示数量时用量词搭配。three pieces of paper（三张纸）two glasses of milk（两杯牛奶） four bottles of water（四杯水）三、名词所有格含

8、义：名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系表示形式：一种是Beijing is ChinaThis is Tom 'Lily is the key'所有格，一种是of所有格's capital.= Beijing is the captital of China.s bike = This is the bike of Tom.s owner尸 Lily is the owner of the key.1、斫有格构成单数名词及不以s结尾的复数名词，只需在词尾加，s如Lucy' s pein西的钢笔 Children ' s DayL童节）；以s结尾的复数名词，

9、只加，如the students ' book们的书。2、几个人共有的东西，只需在最后一个人的名词后加s,口 Lucy and Lily ' s bedroom和莉莉的卧室）。表示各自所有，则每个名词都加s如Lucy' s and Lily ' s desks的桌子和莉莉的桌子）。3.of所有格：1） .of用来表示无生命的名词所有格。the map of China the door of the room2） .双重所有格：of +名词所有格of +名词性的物住代词He is a friend of my（brother ）.Is she a daughte

10、r of（you）?典型例题讲解1. They got much from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories2. I have two and three bottles of here.A. orange, orangeB. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orangeD. orange, oranges3. Every evening M r. King takes a to his home .A. 25 minutes' walkB. 25 minute ' s walkC

11、. 25 minute walkD. 25 minutes walk4. An old wants to see you.A. people B. person C. the people D. the person5. Help yourself to.A. chickens and applesB. chickens and appleC. chicken and appleD. chicken and apples6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two.D. rooms numbersA. room ' s number B. rooms ' numb

12、er C. room numbers7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her secondA. family8.B. houseC. homeD. roommothers couldn't go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and PeterC. Mary ' s and Peter8. Mary and PeterD. Mary ' s and Peter9. Li Lei has been

13、 toA. her unclemany times this month.B. her uncle ' sC. her unclesD. aunt sin teaching.10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnA. many experiencesB. much experienceA. youD. your sisterC. an experience11. A classmate ofB.yourD. a lot experience was here ten minutes ago.C. your sister12. A grou

14、p ofare talking with twoA. Frenchmen, GermansB. Germans ,FrenchmansC. Frenchmans , GermenD. Germen , Frenchmen13.The teamhaving a meeting .A. isB. are14.“Would you likeC. am ?D. be,please.A. drink, Three coffeesB. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffee15. The Great Wall was made not only by,but

15、 also the flesh and blood ofmen.A.earth and stone, millions ofB. earths and stones, millionsC. the earth and stone, million ofD. the earths and stones, millionsD. a drink, Three cups of coffees三巩固训练:1. This isreading-room.A. the teacher'EBx teacher ' (s. teacher' D. the teachers2. Nothin

16、g was found but broken.A. the room window B. the room ' s window C. the room of the window! the window of room3. How many would you like?A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread4. He was praised for hisA. brave B. bravery C. bravely D. great brave5. Please get me a new when you g

17、o to town.A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers6. There are 34 doctors in the hospital.A. woman B. women C. woman ' s D. women ' s7. Some are even thinner than your little finger.A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos8. He was born in this town and now he lives in

18、A. Building second B. Building Two C. the Building Two D. Building the Second9. Old as he is, he has to do every day.A. a lot of workB. much worksC. lots of homeworksD. quite a lot of homeworks10. Jack ' s room is furnished with.A. new furnituresB. many new furnituresC. many new pieces of furnit

19、ures D. many new pieces of furniture11. Have you read newspaper yet?A. today ' sB. Today ' sC. the today ' sD. your today ' s12. It ' s not far, only walk from here to our school.A. a ten minutesB. ten minutesC. a ten minutes ' D. ten minutes '13. Last month, he wrote me

20、letter.A. a 1000-wordB. 1000 wordsC. a 1000-wordsD. 1000 words '14. He had a sleep yesterday.A. a good nightB. a good-nightC. a good night ' s D. good-night' s15. is not a long way to drive.A. Three miles distance B. Three-mile distanceC. Three miles ' distanceD. A three-mile-distanc

21、e16. His isn ' t fit for the work. Please get me.A. something elseB. somebody elseC. someone else' sD. somebody ' s else17. Do you know how large is?A. population of China B. Chinese populationC. China populationD. China ' s population18. is too much for the boy to carry.A. The box w

22、eightB. The box ' s weightC. The weight of the boxD. The box of the weight19. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest shop?A.shoesB.shoeC.shoes 'D.shoe ' s20. What weather we ' re having these days!A. niceB.a niceC. a badD.worse21. They say that the meeting will be.A. of very importa

23、ntB. great importanceC. of great importance D. great important22. I' m going to call at this evening.A. Mr BlackB. the BlacksC. Mr Black' sD. Blacks '23. What Darwin saidwas an attack onpeople ' sreligiousA. beliefB. beliefsC. beliefsD. believs24. There are some waiting for yououtsid

24、e.A. GermanB. AmericanC. grown-upD. Japanese25. Their factory has developed a kind of to help people walk.A. machineB. machinesC. a machineD. the machine26. There ' re many in my brother ' s album.A. leafsB. toysC. booksD. stamps27. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of.A.

25、 tomatoesB. potatosC. vegetableD. meats28. Upon hearing what I said, his rose.A. angerB. angryC. angrilyD.angriness29. Excuse me, can you change this for me?A. five-pound noteB.five pounds noteC. five-pound notesD.five pounds notes30. You have to make for your journeyA. preparingB.preparationC. a pr

26、eparationD.preparations四课堂过手训练：1. We haven't got much for our picnic. Will you go and get some? (07)A apple B tomato C bread D biscuit1.1 ' ve read sports news about the Fl race today.(05)A two B pieces C two piece D two pieces of3. Linda, I've bought many. Now let's make the birthday cake.(03)A. fresh e