Work Motivation Western Oregon niversity工作动机西俄勒冈大学

1、theories of motivationwork motivation definition internal state that directs individuals to certain goals and objectives not directly observable inferred from behavior variability in behavior is not result of differences in ability situational (environmental) factorswork motivation theories of work

2、motivation internal (content) theories identify factors within an individual that energize, direct, sustain, and stop behavior. external (process) theories describe how personal and situational (environmental) factors interact and influence each other to produce certain kinds of behaviormaslows hier

3、archy of needs actualizationphysicalsafetysocialesteemmcclellands learned needs need for achievement a need to accomplish goals, excel, and strive continually to do things better. need for affiliation desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships affiliative interest affiliative assuranc

4、e need for power the need to influence and lead others and be in control of ones environment socialized power personalized powerequity theorywe are motivated by perceived inequity (unfairness)perceived inequity creates a state of “unpleasant” tension that we are motivated to reducehow do we perceive

5、 inequity (unfairness)?according to adams, inequity is perceived when our perception of the ratio of our inputs to outputs is different from that of a comparison other .reducing inequity change your inputs change your outputs change your comparison other alter your perceptionsexpectancy theory (vroo

6、m, 1964) five components job outcomes (e.g., pay, promotions) valence - attractiveness of the outcomes to employees instrumentality - strength of belief that performance results in outcome attainment expectancy - strength of belief that effort will result in successful performance force - amount of

7、pressure within the person to be motivatedgoal setting theory function of goals basis of motivation direct behavior for goals to be effective individuals must be aware of goals must accept the goals factors that influence effectiveness of goal setting goals must be specific goals should be difficult but attainableherzbergs two factor theoryhygiene factorssalary company policy physi