Pron.初中语法-代词

1、三、代词(-)知识概要英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不 定代词。1、人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。人称我你他她它我们你们他们主格 i you he She it We you they宾格 me you him her it US you them2、物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。人称 我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性 my your his her its OUr your they名i司性 mine yours his hers its OUrS yours theirs3、反身代词人称我你他她它我们你们他们反身代i司

2、myself yourself himself herself itself OUrSeIVeS yourself themselves人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格畛容伺性名词性第一人瞬ImeBBminemvselfVoUVOIlVOUrVOlITyVOUrSeIf第A蒔hehimIIiShishimselfSIleherherIIerSherselfitititsitsitself第一人昨eIISOllrursOUrSeheS龙人繩VOUVOUWVOllrVOUrsWTOUrSebeS第theythemtheirtheirsthemsehes4、指示代词主要有 this, that, t

3、hese, those5、疑问代词有：who, WhOm WhOSeZ what, which,还有疑问副词 when, how, where, Whyo6、不定代词在初中课本中主要有 some, any, many, much, each, neither, OtherZanother, allz both, one, none, either.另 外还有复合不定代词，SOmething, anything, everything, somebody, anybody, everybody 等。（二）正误辨析误TOmlS mother is taller than my.正TOmlS mot

4、her is taller than mine.析形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如：my book, 而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是my mother,也就是 mine。误We have a IOt Of homework to do today. SO We need two Or three hours to finish them正 We have a IOt Of homework to do today. SO We need two Or three hours to finish it.析在应用代词时，要注意人称，格与数的一致性。这里

5、it所代替的是不可 数名词homework,所以应用it。误He and you ShOUId go to the Iibrary to return the books.正YOU and he ShOUld go to the Iibrary to return the books析这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一 般为you, he, she, Iz而复数时为we, you, they:如男女并列时，应先男后女，如: He and She 如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时,单数时用,IZ he, she, you,复 数时用 They, you, we, :

6、TOrn and I are good friendsYou, he and I must go to Play the game for OUr team this after noon.We, you and they have been there beforeI, he and you have to Pay for it.误He Or his brother is CIOing their homework正He Or his brother is doing his homework析由eitherOr, neithernor, or连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用 单数代词

7、，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如:Either teachers Or StUdentS Want to do their best to help the Old man.如是一单一复两名词时，一般将单数名词放在 前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词，如：The teacher Or his StUdentS Will CIean their CIaSSrOOm together.误HiS brother is taller than him.正HiS brother is taller than he.析than是连词，其后应视为省略句，than he is.所以要注意区分其主格与宾 格的用

8、法。I Iike you as much as She正I Iike you as much as her.析asas其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I Iike her.所以应用宾格。而笫一 句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。误MySelf did it yesterday.正I myself did it yesterday正I did it myself yesterday析反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。误Take Care Of ourselves.正 Take Care Of yourselves .(yourself)析祈始句的主语应看作笫二人称y

9、ou.误PIeaSe bring your daughter With yourself.正PIeaSe bring your daughter With you析反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是山不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语， 如： The Old WOman SPOke to herself.误 Make yourself home正 Make yourself at home析这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有：enjoy OneSelf 玩得开心 make yourself at home 像在家中一样 help yourself toSOmething 自己拿

10、某物 IOSt OneSeIf 迷路 Seat OneSelf 就坐 dress OneSeIf 穿衣误 WhOlS this SPeaking. ThatlS Mary.正 WhOIS that SPeaking. ThiS is Mary.析在电话用语中，this指讲话人自己，而that指对方。误The days in SUmmer are IOnger than this in winter.正The days in SUmmer are IOnger than those in winter.析在比较句中往往为了避免重复，可以用that或those取代前面提到的事 物,如是单数时用 t

11、hat,复数时用 those,如：The Weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Chang ChUn误It is SO a good book that everyone IikeS to read正It is SUCh a good book that everyOne IikeS to read正It is SO good a book that everyone IikeS to read析在可数名词单数时可用s。+形容词+不定冠词+名词÷that从句，也可用SUCh+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时，只

12、用SUCh, 如：It is SUCh good Weather that I want to go SWimming. They are SUCh good books that I Want to buy them all.在 many, much, few, IittIe 这 4 个词前仅能用 so,如：She has SO much money that She Can buy everything She WantS.jfi在SO与that之间仅存形容词时，则不能用such, 如:She is SO SWeet that everyOne IikeS her.误I Want to b

13、uy a Same dictiOnary as yours正I Want to buy the Same dictionary as yours.析JSame与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有allthesame（仍然）。I don't hope so.误 I hope She might PaSS the exam.正 I hope She might PaSS the exam. I hope not析在作肯定回答时，I think so. I hope so. I believe so.但作否定回答时为:I don't think so. I hope/be

14、lieve not误He StUClied Very hard this term SOShedid正He StUdied Very hard this term SOdidShe误EngIiSh is difficult to learn. SO is it正EngliSh is difficult to learn. SO it is析在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语，这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句，即StUdied hard既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的 重复，即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为：英语难学。答语为：是的，难学。这时

15、缩打的答语不要用倒装句。误EVeryOne ShOUld do one,s best.正EVeryOne ShOUId do his best.析One作代词时，它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是one's,反身代词为 OneSelf如果讲One ShOUld do one's best.则是对句。如果One与别的词组成其他 词，如：someone, anyone, everyone 或 OnIy One 则要用 his/her,来作其所有格 形式。误 WhO WOn the game None.正 WhO WOn the game NO One析山WhO提问的句子的否定回答

16、中的简略说法是no one,而山HOWmany提 问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.: HOW many books are there None.误There are many trees On either SideS Of the Street正There are many trees On either Side Of the street.正There are many trees On both SideS Of the Street析either作代词时由两个含意,其一是两者中随便哪个，如：YOU Can take either.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是eithe

17、r后要加单数名词，如果作主 语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。误Either you Or I are right正Either you Or I am right析在eitherorz或neithernor连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近 的那个主语相配。误I have three SiSterS Neither Ofthem is a doctor.正I have three SiSterS NOne Of them is a doctor.析neither用于两者中无一是，而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一 是。误He doesn,t Iike Beijing OPera I do

18、rt Iike too.正He doesn,t Iike Beijing OPeraZ I ClOrt Iike either.析either作为“也”讲时，要用于否定句中，而too则用于肯定句中。误We Iike both this IittIe boy.正We both Iike this IittIe boy.析both作同位语时，它在句中的位置有：在be动词之后，如：We are both students.在实意动词之前,如：The ParentS both Want to go to the Cinema.用于第 一助动词之后，如：We have both read these E

19、ngliSh novels.使用时要注意以下句 子的实际含意：BOth Of US are not right.应译为：我们俩不都对。Neither Of US is right才应译为:我俩都不对。乂如：I can,t give you both Ofthe books.意为：两本 书我不能全给你，而I Canlt give you either Of the books.才为：两本书我全不能给 你。误 We each has a ticket for the concert.正 We each have a ticket for the concert.析each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用

20、单数形式,如：EaCh Of US WantS to Iearn EngliSh well,但each作同位语时，贝IJ应以原名词的数为准。误EVery Of US has to PaSS the exam正EaCh Of US has to PaSS the exam析every只可作形容词，不可作代词，而each既可作形容词，乂可作代词, 在作形容词时each侧重强调个体，而every则侧重于全体。误EVeryOne Of US ShOUld do housework two hours a day.正EVery One Of US ShOUld do housework two hour

21、s a day析everyone不可与Of结构相连接使用，而every One则可以这样用。误I ShOUld read EngliSh everyday正I ShOUld read EngliSh every day.析要注意的是every day是“每天”,而everyday则是形容词为"日常的”。 如：everyday EngIiSh 日常英语,everyday Iife 日常生活。误There are trees On every SideS Of the street.正There are trees On each Side Of the street.析every用于三

22、者或三者以上的每一个，而each用于二者或二者以上的每 一个。因为街道只有两侧，所以只能用each而不能用every.误 AIl my ParentS are engineers正BOth my ParentS are engineers析all用于三者或三者以上的全部，而both则用于两者的全部。误 AIl Of StUdents might make SOme mistakes正 AIl Ofthe StUdentS might make SOme mistakes.正 AIl StUdents might make SOme mistakes.析非特指的名词前可用all但不可用all O

23、f结构，也就是讲all Of结构后面 的名词前一定要有定冠词。其他与all有关的习惯用法还有：all the year round, all week, all day, all Winter误The all VilIage WaS floodedLjEJ AIl the ViIIage WaS flooded.析all作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前。误The POSt OffiCe is On Other Side Ofthe Street正The POSt OffiCe is On the Other Side Of the street.析单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another,而

24、特指时则要用the Other,因街 道只有两边，而不在这边必定是在另一边，所以要用特指。误There are ten StUdentS here Where are the OtherS StUdentS正There are ten StUdentS are the OtherS正There are ten StUdentS here Where are the Other StUdentS析the OtherS=the Other StUdentS误The OId man has two sons. One is a teacher; another is a doctor.正The Ol

25、d man has two SOnS One is a teacher; the Other is a doctor.析another 用于泛扌旨，如：IS it far from here to the StatiOnrm sorry. I have no idea. One may Say it is quite near; another may Say it is far from here.但在特指时则要用 the other.它可以用作定语，the Other One,也可以用作代词the Other,但the Other 用作代词时它的含意一定是单数。如果指三者或者三者以上的情况

26、时，则要用 Oneanotherthe Other或者 Onea SeCOndthe third.误SOme PeOPIe Iike SPOrtS The OtherS Iike reading正SOme PeOPIe Iike SPOrtS OtherS Iike reading.析在泛指的复数名词前用someothersothers来表示某些人某些人某些人。误PIeaSe remember to Water the flowers each Other day.正PIeaSe remember to Water the flowers every Other day析every Other

27、 day为每隔一天。是习惯用法,不要随意改动。又如：on the Otherhand另一方面。误 Many knoW him, but few IikeS him正 Many knoW him, but few Iike him析few用于可数名词，意为儿乎没有，但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复 数形式，而a few为有一些。误YOU have few friends, haven,t you正YOU have few friends, have you析Iittle与few用于句中时，均要按否定句看待。误 MUCh Of What you Said are true正 MUCh Of Wha

28、t you Said is true析much用于不可数名词，作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名 词，它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。误ThiS room is enough Iarge for the StUdents to IiVe in.正ThiS room is Iarge enough for the StUdentS to IiVe in.析enough 可以用作代词，如：There is enough Of the food.又如:EnOUgh has been done for the work,但enough还可以作形容词来修饰名词，这时enough可 以放在名词之

29、前，也可放在名词之后，如：money enough与enough money都 是对的。但当enough作副词修饰形容词时，则只能置于形容词之后了。误I Want any books to read DO you have any正I Want SOme books to read DO you have any析按照语法any用于疑问句和否定句，而SOme用于肯定句。误 WOUld you Iike any thing to drink正 WOUld you Iike SOmethingtodrink析在由WOUld you Iike发出的问句中，表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供 些饮料，或

30、在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时，在疑问句中要用SOme而不用 any。误SOmeOne Want to meet you正SOmeOne Wants to meet you析不定代词应被看作单数，即使用and连接两个不定代词，也要看作单数, 如： AnyOne and everyone has the right.任何人，每一个人都有这样的权力。误 NeW YOrk is much COlder in Winterthan before正It is much COlder in NeW YOrk in Winter than before析it常常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现

31、象，或用在句 中作形式主语或宾语，如：It is ten OlCIOCk now.（代时间）It is far from here to the airport（代距离）It is Very hot.（代天气）It is Very difficult to Iearn EngliSh well.（作形式主语）We found it Very difficult to answer the question.（作形式宾语）误Be CarefUL Don,t drink too many.正Be CarefUL Don,t drink too much析这里much所代的应是饮料或水，所以应为不可

32、数名词。（三）例题解析1 TheSe arebooks YOUrS are OVer thereAlBmyCmeD mine答案B.析这里应用形容词性物主代词。2 is She She is a teacher.A What B HOW C WhO D Where答案A.析这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立，但其意义不同。What is She应译 为“她的工作是什么”或“她是做什么的”而HOW isshe应译为“她身体如何” 而WhO is She应译为“她是谁”其答语应为“她叫什么名字。”而Where is She 应为“她在什么地方”山答语决定了这道题的选择。3 is WrOng Wit

33、h my watch. It has StOPPed.A SOmething, WOrking B SOmethingZ to WOrkC Any thing, WOrking D Anything, to WOrk答案A.析因为是肯定句所以应用SOmethingZ其后山于表停止工作了，则StOP后要 用动名词。4 Mary, helpto the bananas, please.A you B your C yourself D yourselves答案C.析help OneSelftO SOmething 为"自己拿某物”。yourself 为"你一个人”，而 your

34、selves 为"你们"。5 do you go to SChOOl every dayBy bus.A HOW B Why C When D Where答案A.析这题的答案是由问句决定的。6 My Skirt isPOPUIar thanA much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers答案D.析因句中有than,所以应选用比较级，而than后要选用名词性物主代词。7 Can you SPeak EnglishYes, but Only A few B a few C Iittle D a Iittle答案D.析因会讲某种语

35、言的多少要用a IittIeZ把它看作不可数名词对待，此答语为： 是的，但仅仅会讲一点。8 Mr. Smith is an Old friend of .AlBmeCmyD mine答案D.析这里应选名词性物主代词，这也是英语的一种习惯用法，而不要选择my。9 ''do you hear from your Parents”UAbOUt OnCe a month."A HOW IOng B HOW manyC HOW Often D HOW much答案C.析HoWoften问的是某一动作发生的频率，即在单位时间内发生多少次。10 Mr Green WOUlClrt

36、Sayat the meetingA everything B nothing C anything D SOmething答案C.析在否定句中应用anything11 4* Mum, Annls COming tOnight. Let's give herto eat.V"Good idea!"A anything nice B nice anythingC SOmething nice D nice SOmething答案C.析肯定句中用SOmething而不用anything,不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要 放在其前面。12 When ShaIl We mee

37、t, this evening Or tomorrow evening I dort mindtime is OKA SOme B Neither C Either D BOth答案C.析因如选用both则名词要用复数名词，也要用复数谓语动词，由于答语前 有I don't mind则决定不能选择neither.13 ThiS is not her kite, but A he's B him CheD his答案D.析要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。14 Don,t worry, MUmInews is good news l"m SUre d

38、addy WiIl COme back soon.ANOB Many C ThOSe D TWO答案A.析这是一条谚语，即没有消息就是好消息。15 Mary has SiX apples Her brother has three She hasapples than he.A few B many C more D fewer答案C.析由于是比较级，根据题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”。16 There isn,tin today,s newspaper.A anything interestingB SOmething interestingC no thing interestingD i

39、nteresting anything答案A.析由于句子是否定句，应选择anything,而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后 面。17 SePtember IOth is_DayA TeaCher B TeaCherS C Teacher1S D TeaCherSl答案D.析教师节 Teachers' Day,儿童节 ChiIdren1S Da½ 妇女节 Women's Day18 In England, PeOPle eat a IOt Of "takeaway" food What about PeOPIe in your COU ntryA SO

40、 We do. B We do so. C SO do we. D We SO do.答案C.析在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时，则要 采用倒装句，但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。19 ShaIl We go into that ShOP and have a IOOkSorry. I won,t. I haveto do thereA everything B anything C SOmething D nothing答案D.析这个答案的选择应山上下两句对话内容作出决定。20 Oh, dear! WhO broke the glass一 SarnBrUCe .

41、It WaS the Cat A Both, and B Not, but C Neither, nor D Either, Or答案C.析neithernor意为既不也不21 The StUdentS are having a good time in the Park SOme are drawing by the Iakeare CIimbing the hill.A OtherS B Other C AnOther D The Other答案A.析这里因为是代替复数名词，所以应用名词性的复数代名词。22 She is not a nurse .I'm not A also B

42、either C neither D too答案B.析在否定句中该用either,而不用too和also.23 I have two PenCiIS One is red, is blueA the Other B another C OtherS D the OtherS答案A.析两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛 指单数代名词。OtherS是泛指复数代名词，而the OtherS是特指复数代名词。24 Sorry, I Canlt answer your question.I knowabout the SUbjeCtA Iittle B a IittI

43、e C few D a few答案A.析中文讲我对此知道的不多，而英文中要用IittIeO其含意为否定句。25 My SiSter doesn't Iike Skating_ASOdOlBSOl don,tC Neither I don't D Neither do I答案D.析这是表达上面否定句中的动作，也同样不适合于第二个人。所以要用neither, 并要采用倒装句。26 YeSterday morning there Were Only three boys in OUr room,A you, he and I B I, you and heC hez I and yo

44、u D you, I and he答案A.析这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题。请参看辨析中的例子。27 AIl the StUdentS are busy, SOOf them Will go to the ConCertA many B IittIe C a few D few答案D.析StUdent为可数名词。28 The teacher gaveStUdent a new bookA nobody B both C each D any答案C.析both其后的名词应为复数，而any用于疑问句和否定句中只有each可 以修饰单数可数名词。29 BlaCk is neither a teachera worker.AOrB either C nor D and答案C.析neit