2020-2021学年上海市黄浦区XXX中学高二下期末英语试卷

1、试卷资料汇总2020-2021学年上海市黄浦区xxx中学高二下期末英语试卷1. a glimpse at the "private, hidden face" of albert einstein, including the celebrated scientist's thoughts on everything from his fears his best work was behind him to his beloved younger sister, maja. the collection, which includes a previously u

2、nknown photograph of einstein as a five-year-old and the only (survive) letter written by einstein to his father, comes from the archive (档案) of maja winterler-einstein and her husband paul winteler. a mix of letters, postcards and photographs, many of have not previously been published, range in da

3、te from 1897 to 1951. "what is remarkable about them comes from the fact that he had this incredibly close relationship with his sister. it's quite clear that he's writing to her, there's no role-playing at all." said thomas venning at christie's, which will auction (拍卖) th

4、e letters soon. "he was very conscious of what (expect) of him after he became famous, and you don't get any of that in letters to his sister. he says some things that i've never seen him say anywhere else, and i've catalogued many hundreds of his letters." in 1924, nine years

5、after he completed the general theory of relativity in 1915, einstein would write to maja that "scientifically i haven't achieved much recentlythe brain gradually goes oft (停止) age, though that is not so unpleasant. it also means that you're not so answerable for your later years."

6、 ten years later, he would write to her: "i am happy in my work, in this and in other matters i am starting to feel that the brilliance of younger years is past." venning said he had not seen einstein (admit) this anywhere else. "it's not him (play) a role: you can see that though

7、t going through his head, which is trueif einstein had died in 1916, his fundamental legacy would have been complete. he carried on working for another 40 years without making any other great breakthrough, so it's just an extraordinary moment which we get because of close their relationship was.

8、 he didn't have to reassure (使安心) her," he said.(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) a. threatened, b. enthusiastically, c. charge, d. viewed, e. command, f. satisfy, g. undoubtedly, h. approval, i. favorable, j. treasured, k. considerable2. public image doesn't make money directly.

9、 nor is it anything visible. however, excellent public image is such an important thing that it is desired by every company, enterprise, institution, etc. public image refers to how a company is by its customers, suppliers, and stockholders, by the financial community, by the communities where it op

10、erates, and by federal and local governments. public image is controllable to extent. just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are. a firm's public image plays a vital role in the attraction of the firm and its products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders as stockhol

11、ders, supplies, creditors (货款方), government officials, as well as different special groups. with some things it is impossible to all the different publics: for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the of creditors and stockholders. however, it will find resistance from employees who see th

12、eir jobs . on the other hand, high quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval, while low quality products and false claims would be widely looked down upon. a firm's public image, if it is good, should be . it is a valuable strength that usually is built up over

13、 a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics. if a firm has developed a quality image, this is not easily imitated by competitors. such as image may enable a firm to higher prices, to win the best distributors and dealers, to attract the best employees, to expect the most favorable cre

14、ditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. it should also allow the firm's stock to higher price-earnings ratio (比例) than other firms in the same industry with such a good reputation and public image.(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 3. nothing seems more inevitable than aging and de

15、ath-not even taxes. every plant, animal and person you have ever seen will die. but some recent research suggests that aging as we know it may not be inevitable. indeed, as our of it grows, aging can be seen not as an unchangeable reality from which there is no escape, but as the product of biologic

16、al processes that we may be able to someday. we already know that some animals do not seem to age. many cold-water ocean fish and some amphibians (两栖动物) never a fixed size: they continue to grow bigger, to be able to reproduce and to live until something kills them. what these creatures seem to be t

17、elling us is that something in their and possibly in ourscontrols the pace of aging, that aging is not the fate of every living thing. throughout the history of life on earth, one of the most common difficulties that animals and their cells) have faced has been a lack of food. about 70 years ago, sc

18、ientists discovered that when animals are forced to live on 30 to 40 percent fewer calories than they would eat, something unusual happens; they become to most age-related diseasescancer, heart disease, diabetesand live 30-50 percent longer. restricting calories aging. but what are the genes that pr

19、eserve vitality and starve off diseases? about 15 years ago, armed with powerful new molecular-research technique, a few scientists began to these genetic phenomena. they have discovered that a gene called sir2which is present in all animals, including humansis for the health benefits of calorie res

20、triction perhaps by repairing our dna. but if we had to restrict our calorie intake 30 to 40 percent would it be of any practical use? few of us would be capable of restricting our diets so severely that we were constantly . whether or not it made life longer, it would surely make life longer.(1) as

21、uddenlybeventuallycgraduallydunexpectedly(2) adesirebfeelingcfeardunderstanding(3) adevelopbdesignccontroldsolve(4) areachbacquirecneedddisplay(5) abrainsbenvironmentcgrowthdgenes(6) abutborcanddnor(7) ararelyboccasionallycnormallydmainly(8) aresistantbsimilarcessentialdaccessible(9) aquickensbslows

22、cavoidsdovercomes(10) aavailablebextracspecificdoriginal(11) ainvestigatebillustratecrecorddprove(12) afamousbgenerouscresponsibledconvenient(13) aonbtocindby(14) adisappointedbdepressedcstarveddscared(15) alookbfeelclivedbecome4. zelda fitzgerald, as is revealed by numerous personal books and lette

23、rs, wore many labels in her life. she was "the original flapper girl" and "the spirit of the jazz age". married to the celebrated writer f. scott fitzgerald (author of the gireat giatsby), she was by turns his muse and the woman who ruined his life. in her later years she was &qu

24、ot;crazy zelda". accurate as all these descriptions may be, they do not tell the whole story. born in montgomery, alabama, she was noted for her beauty and high spirits in dancing. in july 1918, at a country club dance, fitzgerald was hooked immediately by the beautiful and charming 18-year-old

25、 zelda who out-shined (使逊色) other beauties with her distinguished ballet. a light affection evolved into a lengthy long-distance pursuit of weekly letters, with fitzgerald aware of her uncommitted dating of other men. he courted her after his discharge from the army in february 1919, but zelda had d

26、oubts. her fiance wasn't rich and there was no guarantee he'd ever be famous. his short stories didn't sell. his apartment was a dump. zelda gave back the ring. hoping to fix the "no money" part of his problem. fitzgerald quit the job and started to rewrite novels for success a

27、nd money so that he could win back his girl. finally, he made it! on march 20, 1920, his novel this side of paradise got published and zelda agreed to marry him. however, their marriage was troubled by wild drinking, fighting, infidelity (不忠实) and bitter recriminations. emest hemingway, whom zelda d

28、isliked, blamed her for scot's declining literary output, though she has also been portrayed as the victim of an overbearing husbano actually. zelda was also creative, pursuing both dancing and writing. some scholars have portrayed zelda as a creative talent ignored by the patriarchal (男权的) soci

29、ety of the day. her inspiration was even drawn by her husband in literary creation-scott used their relationship as material in his novels, even borrowing episodes from zelda's diary and applying them into his fictional writings. she detested (讨厌) her husband's practice: "mr. fitzgerald

30、i believe that is how he spells his nameseems to believe that plagiarism begins at home." to seek an artistic identity of her own value, as she put it "i wish i could write a beautiful book to break those hearts that are soon to cease to exist." nevertheless her unique personality was

31、 starting to seem more unbalanced than charming. the couplelike the rest of the nationwas living on borrowed time. in october 1929 the stock market crashed, triggering the great depression. six months later, zelda suffered her first nervous breakdown. after being diagnosed with schizophrenia (精神分裂),

32、 she was increasingly confined to specialist clinics, and since then has departed with her husband. zelda died later in a fire at her hospital in asheville, north carolina, putting an end to her flamboyant (绚丽夺目的) life. a young woman, especially one in the 1920s, who was against traditional dress an

33、d behavior.(1) where will you most probably find this article?ain a newspaper.bin a literary magazine.cin a prepared speech.din a research report.(2) which phrase can best summarize the relationship between f. scott fitzgerald and zelda?aideal partnership.bunbalanced love relationship.clove-hate rel

34、ationship.dmutually-jealous relationship(3) the underlined word "plagiarism" in paragraph three is closet in meaning to "_".acopyingbadaptioncreferencedimagination(4) which of the following is true according to the article?afitzgerald successfully won zelda's heart by reading

35、 her his novels and writing her weekly letters.bhemingway disliked zelda because of her female identity and talent that outshined her husband.czelda was glad to be her husband's muse and provided him with literary materials.dthe "crazy zelda" died without fitzgerald's companion aft

36、er severe schizophrenia.5. what exactly is a lie? is it anything we say which we know is untrue? or is it something more than that? for example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. you say "i wish i could help you but i'm short of money myself." in fact, you are not s

37、hort of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. is this really a lie? professor jerald jellison of the university of southern california has made a scientific study of lying. according to him, women are bette

38、r liars than men particular when telling a "white lie", such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. however, this is only one side of the story. other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies,

39、 such as making a promise which they no intention of fulfilling. this is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way. research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in

40、a number of small apparently unimportant ways when they lie. it has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. to the trained observer they are saying "i wish i were somewhere else now." they also tend to touch certain par

41、ts of the face more often, in particular the nose. one explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. the up of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure make sit itch. another gesture which give liars away is that the writer desmond mor

42、ris in his book man-watching calls "the mouth cover" he says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. such as gesture can be understood as an unconscious at

43、tempt on the part of the lair to stop himself or herself from lying. of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. they simply tend to occur more frequently n this situation. it is not one gesture al

44、one that gives the lair away but whole number of things and in particular the context in which the lie is told.(1) according to the passage, a "white lie" seems to be a lie _.athat other people believebthat other people don't believectold in order to avoid offending someonedtold in ord

45、er to take advantage of someone(2) according to professor jellison, women _.agenerally lie far more than men dobare better at telling less serious lies than men areclie at parties more often than men dodoften make promise they don't intend to keep(3) researchers find when a person tells a lie, _

46、.ahe looks very seriousbhis blood pressure increase considerablyche uses his unconscious minddthere tends to be some small changes in his behavior(4) which of the following may best betray (出卖) a liar?athe touching of the tip of one's nose.bthe changes of one's behavior.cthe circumstances wh

47、ere the lie is told.d"the mouth cover" gesture.6. imagine you're standing in line to buy an after-school snack at a store. you step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food. next, you have to pay. but instead of scanning a qr code with your smartphone, you just hold out your h

48、and so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your ear. as technology companies move away from traditional password, biometric security, which includes fingerprint, face and voice id, is becoming increasingly popular. in 2013, apple introduced the ipho

49、ne 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner. since then, using one's fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives. and since lasts year, san-sun has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smartphone, whil

50、e apple's new iphone x can even scan a user's face. "bio-metrics, ideally are good." john michener, a biometric expert, told tech website inverse. "in practice, not so much." when introducing the new iphone's face id feature at apple's keynote event in september.

51、phil schiller, apple's senior vice president, said. " ". but it's already been done. in a video posted on community website reddit on nov 3, two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iphone x using their own face. quartz reported. and they aren't even twins

52、. "we may expect too much from bio-metrics." anil jain, a computer science professor at michigan state university. told cbs news. "no security systems are perfect." earlier this year, jain found a way to trick biometric security. using a printed copy of a thumbprint, she was able

53、 to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police. "it's good to see bio-metrics being used more," jain told cbs news, "because it adds another factor for security. ."(1) abut despite its popularity, experts warn that bio-metrics might not be as secure as we'd imagined

54、.bsecurity experts don't think it absolutely necessary to use biometric technology.cbut using different security measures is the best defense.dnow, this type of technology might not be far away.eif a person's biometric information is stolen, that could have extremely serious results for him.

55、fthe chance that a random person could look at your iphone x and unlock it with his face is about one in a million.(2) abut despite its popularity, experts warn that bio-metrics might not be as secure as we'd imagined.bsecurity experts don't think it absolutely necessary to use biometric tec

56、hnology.cbut using different security measures is the best defense.dnow, this type of technology might not be far away.eif a person's biometric information is stolen, that could have extremely serious results for him.fthe chance that a random person could look at your iphone x and unlock it with

57、 his face is about one in a million.(3) abut despite its popularity, experts warn that bio-metrics might not be as secure as we'd imagined.bsecurity experts don't think it absolutely necessary to use biometric technology.cbut using different security measures is the best defense.dnow, this t

58、ype of technology might not be far away.eif a person's biometric information is stolen, that could have extremely serious results for him.fthe chance that a random person could look at your iphone x and unlock it with his face is about one in a million.(4) abut despite its popularity, experts warn that bio-metrics might not be as secure as we&