Conity and Oedience to Authority News Poudre School 整合与服从权威新闻普德尔学校

1、conformity and obedience to authoritywhat is conformity?nquick write: 5 minutesnwhat do you think of when you hear the word conformity? why do people conform? what are some examples of conformity that you observe in high school? in society in general? what are some examples of times you have conform

2、ed?what is conformity?nconformity can be defined as adjusting ones behavior or thinking to match those of other people or a group standard. there are lots of reasons why people conform, including the desire/need to fit in or be accepted by others and maintaining order in ones life. nfor example, whe

3、n you go to class, do you sit in a chair like other students or sit in the aisle? do you face the front of the room like everyone else or do you sit facing the back wall? why?http:/ of conformitynherbert kelman (1958) suggests 3 types of conformity:ncompliance- a change in behavior without a change

4、in opinion (going along with the group). ninternalization- a change in behavior and opinion. true conformity.nidentification- adopting the groups views because value group membership. often temporary.partner activity: (10 minutes)nwrite a scenario that illustrates each type of conformity (three tota

5、l scenarios):ncompliance- a change in behavior without a change in opinion (going along with the group). ninternalization- a change in behavior and opinion. true conformity.nidentification- adopting the groups views because value group membership. often temporary.quick questionsbe prepared to answer

6、!nis conformity a good or a bad thing? why?nlist some social norms and decide if they are positive or negative.nwhat are three social norms that you are glad exist?nwhat would life be like without social norms?the solomn asch experimentnthe asch conformity experiments were a series of studies that s

7、tarkly demonstrated the power of conformity in groups nexperimenters led by solomon asch asked students to participate in a vision test. nall but one of the participants were part of the experiment. nthose who were part of the experiment were told to give the wrong answer to the question. the study

8、was to look at what the actual participant respondedthe correct answer or what the group said. the solomn asch experimentnthe participants - the real subjects and those involved in the experiment- were all seated in a classroom where they were told to announce their judgment of the length of several

9、 lines drawn on a series of displays. they were asked which line was longer than the other, which were the same length, etc. those involved in the experiment had been prearranged to all give an incorrect answer to the tests.the solomn asch experiementnhttp:/ to authority nwhat are some commands you

10、hear every day? who gives you these commands? why do you obey (or not obey) the commands you are given?nwe hear or come across commands, instructions, directions and orders everyday. nwhat is it that makes us obey (or disobey) them? millions of people were killed in nazi germany in concentration cam

11、ps but hitler couldnt have killed them all, nor could a handful of people. what made all those people follow the orders they were given? were they afraid, or was there something in their personality that made them like that? in order to obey authority, the obeying person has to accept that it is leg

12、itimate for the command to be made of them.obedience to authoritynexplanations of why we obey fall into one of two groups:nwe obey because of social pressures and influences in the environment, including fearnwe obey because of some characteristic of our personality the milgram experiementnmilgram (

13、1963) wanted to investigate the level of obedience to an authority figurenteacher/learnernadministration of shocks (from very low levels to very high levels)nteacher was the one who was being studiedwould he obey authority and continue to administer these shocks?the milgram experiementnmilgram asked

14、 various people the maximum voltage they would give before refusing to continue. this is what he found:predictions by following groups of level at which people would refuse to administer shock (%)actual shock levels at which subjects refused to continue (%)shock level (volts)psychiatristsstudentsmid

15、dle class adultsslight shock (15 v)10.3012.50moderate shock48.725.842.50strong shock92.396.882.50very strong shock97.410090.00intense shock10010010012.5extremely intense shock10010010023.5danger, severe shock10010010035.0xxx shock (450 v)10010010035.0the milgram experimentnall groups surveyed though

16、t that by “intense shock” people would have stopped obeying. in fact, only 35% had refused to obey by 450 volts, an alarming 65% were willing to give the full “xxx shock.”why did people obey?nlegitimacy of the authority figure: compared with experiments in a run-down office building, subjects were f

17、ar more obedient in the highly respected and trusted environment of a prestigious university. when the experimenter wore a gray rather than white lab coat, obedience dropped.nproximity of the victim: when the teacher and the learner were much closer to each other obedience dropped. if the teacher ac

18、tually had to touch the learner obedience dropped even further. nsocial support for disobedience: when the teacher had someone else to support the decision, there was much less obedience.ndiffusion of responsibility: when the teacher didnt have to press the switch but someone else did, obedience rose to 92.5 % (as compared to the 65% above)nproximity of the experimenter: when the experimenter left the room, obedience dropped the sta