水中离子总报告

1、 自来水的水质分析报告 自来水中铁、氟、镁离子的含量及PH的测定 院系名称：化学工程学院 专业班级：13级化学类1班 指导老师：翟云会 学生姓名：秦阳 提交时间：2015.6.15 目 录前言··································

2、································第1节 邻二氮菲分光光度法测定自来水中的微量铁··············&

3、#183;··········§1-1摘要·····································&#

4、183;························§1-2实验部分·······················&

5、#183;·································· 1.21实验目的·············

6、3;··········································· 1.22实验原理·····&

7、#183;·················································&

8、#183;· 1.23实验仪器及试剂··············································&

9、#183;···· 1.24实验步骤···········································

10、3;············· 1.25数据记录···································&

11、#183;·····················§1-3结果与讨论··························

12、;······························ 1.31数据处理··················&#

13、183;······································ 1.32结果分析··········

14、;···············································第2节 离子选择性电极法测水中的氟

15、离子·································§2-1 摘要··············

16、3;··············································§2-2实验部分·

17、83;·················································

18、83;······ 2.21实验目的··········································

19、··············· 2.22实验原理·································

20、83;······················· 2.23实验仪器及试剂························

21、83;································ 2.24实验步骤················

22、········································· 2.25数据记录·······

23、83;·················································

24、67;2-3结果与讨论················································&

25、#183;······· 2.31数据处理········································

26、3;················ 2.32结果分析································&

27、#183;························第3节 火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水中钙离子······················

28、;·········§3-1 摘要·······································

29、;······················§3-2实验部分·························

30、3;································ 3.21实验目的················&

31、#183;········································ 3.22实验原理·······

32、3;················································· 3.2

33、3实验仪器及试剂················································

34、3;········ 3.24实验步骤········································&

35、#183;················ 3.25数据记录·······························

36、3;·························§3-3结果与讨论······················&#

37、183;································· 3.31数据处理···············

38、;·········································· 3.32结果分析······&#

39、183;·················································&#

40、183;第4节 电位法测定水的PH值···········································§4-1 摘要··

41、··················································

42、·········§4-2实验部分·······································

43、;··················· 4.21实验目的·····························&#

44、183;··························· 4.22实验原理·····················

45、;···································· 4.23实验仪器及试剂············

46、;············································· 4.24实验步骤···&#

47、183;·················································&#

48、183;··· 4.25数据记录·············································

49、;············§4-3结果与讨论···································

50、83;···················· 4.31数据处理····························

51、······························ 4.32结果分析··················

52、83;·······································致谢··········&

53、#183;·················································&

54、#183;······第一节 邻二氮菲分光光度法测定自来水中的微量铁1-1【摘要】1-2实验部分 1.21实验目的 1、 掌握紫外可见分光光度计的使用；2、 学习如何选择吸光光度分析的实验条件。3、 学习吸光光度法的实际分析应用。 1.22实验原理 邻二氮菲(phen)和Fe2+在pH39的溶液中，生成一种稳定的橙红色络合物Fe(phen) 32+，其lgK=21.3，508=1.1 × 104L·mol-1·cm-1，铁含量在0.16g·mL-1范围内遵守比尔定律。其吸收曲线如图1-1所示。显

55、色前需用盐酸羟胺或抗坏血酸将Fe3+全部还原为Fe2+，然后再加入邻二氮菲，并调节溶液酸度至适宜的显色酸度范围。有关反应如下： 2Fe3+2NH2OH·HC12Fe2+N2+2H2O+4H+2C1 邻二氮菲-铁()的吸收曲线 用分光光度法测定物质的含量，一般采用标准曲线法，即配制一系列浓度的标准溶液，在实验条件下依次测量各标准溶液的吸光度(A)，以溶液的浓度为横坐标，相应的吸光度为纵坐标，绘制标准曲线。在同样实验条件下，测定待测溶液的吸光度，根据测得吸光度值从标准曲线上查出相应的浓度值，即可计算试样中被测物质的质量浓度。 1.23实验仪器及试剂仪器：721型分光光度计 试剂：0.1

56、mg·L-1铁标准储备液、1.0×10-3 moL-1铁标准溶液、100 g·L-1盐酸羟胺水溶液、1.5 g·L-1邻二氮菲水溶液、1.0 mol·L-1 乙酸钠溶液、1 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液。 1.24实验步骤 1铁标准使用溶液（10 ug/mL）和待测水样的配制移取100 ug/mL的铁标准储备溶液5.0 mL，置于50mL容量瓶中，加入1.0 mL 6 molL HCl，用蒸馏水稀释至刻度，摇匀。根据待测水样浓度，按适当稀释倍数准确稀释水样至可测浓度范围。2标准系列的配制移取上面所配制的铁标准使用溶液（10ug/mL）：

57、0.0、2.0、4.0、6.0、8.0、10.0 mL依次放入6只洁净的50mL容量瓶中，分别加入100 g·L-1盐酸羟胺溶液1.0 mL，稍摇动，再加入1.5 g·L-1邻二氮菲溶液2.0 mL及1.0 mol·L-1 HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液5 mL，用蒸馏水稀释至刻度，充分摇匀。3标准曲线的绘制放置10分钟后，以不加铁标准溶液的试液为参比，以选定的最大吸收波长为测定波长，依次测定标准系列中各溶液的吸光度A值。以铁的质量浓度为横坐标，A值为纵坐标，绘制标准曲线。4水样中含铁总量的测定准确移取已稀释好的待测水样于50mL容量瓶中，依次加入100 g·

58、L-1盐酸羟胺溶液1.0 mL，稍摇动，再加入1.5 g·L-1邻二氮菲溶液2.0 mL及1.0 mol·L-1 HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液5 mL，用蒸馏水稀释至刻度，充分摇匀。按测标准曲线同样方法测定吸光度A值。在标准曲线上查得含铁浓度，然后计算水样中总铁的含量（以mg/L表示）。 1.25数据记录1、标准曲线的绘制铁离子浓度(ug/mL)00.4480.8961.3441.7922.24吸光度(Abs)00.0450.1450.2240.3170.4162、实验室自来水水样吸光度：0.007Abs1-3结果与讨论 1.31数据处理经计算得：实验室自来水铁离子含量为：0.

59、298mg/L1.32结果分析国标自来水铁离子含量为：0.3mg/L结论：该实验室自来水中铁离子含量符合国家标准规定。第二节、离子选择性电极法测水中的氟离子§2-1【 摘要】§2-2实验部分 2.21实验目的 1.掌握用电位法测定水中氟含量的原理和基本操作； 2.了解总离子强度调节缓冲溶液的意义和作用； 3.掌握用标准曲线法和标准加入法测定水中微量氟离子方法。 2.22实验原理氟离子选择性电极是一种由LaF3单晶制成的电化学传感器。当控制测定体系的离子强度为一定值时，电池的电动势与氟离子浓度的对数值呈线性关系。 2.23实验仪器及试剂仪器：pHS2型酸度计、氟离子选择性电极

60、、饱和甘汞电极、电磁搅拌器。试剂：1.00×10-1mol·L-1F-的标准贮备液、总离子强度缓冲溶液（简写为TISAB） 2.24实验步骤1 氟离子选择性电极的准备接通仪器电源，预热20min，校正仪器，调仪器零点。氟电极接仪器负极接线柱，甘汞电极接仪器正极接线柱。将两电极插入蒸馏水中，开动搅拌器，使电位小于-200mV，若读数大于-200mV，则更换蒸馏水，如此反复几次即可达到电极的空白值。若仍不能使电位小于-200mV，可用金相砂纸轻轻擦拭氟电极，继续清洗至-220mV。2 标准曲线的制作分别吸取（10-3mol·L-1）F的标准溶液0.50，0.70，1.

61、00，3.00，5.00，10.00mL于100mL容量瓶中，加入20mLTISAB溶液，用去离子水稀释至刻度。将标准系列溶液由低浓度到高浓度依次转入干的塑料杯中，电极插入被测试液。开动搅拌器58min后，停止搅拌，读取平衡电位（注意：测定时，需由低浓度到高浓度依次测定）。在半对数坐标纸上作EF-图，即得标准曲线，或在普通坐标纸上作EF-曲线。3 水样的测定吸取水样50.00mL于100mL容量瓶中，加20mL TISAB溶液，用水稀释至刻度，把溶液全部转入塑料杯中，测定E值（测定水样之前，需用去离子水洗电极至空白电位-220mV）。记录水样电位值（E）。 2.25数据记录根据所测水样的E值从标准曲线上查出氟离子浓度，计算水样中氟的浓度cF-（mol·L-1）。C( mol/L)57103050100lg F-5.3011-5.1549-5-4.5229-4.3011-4E(mV)295.6287280.3254240.3220.8测得水中氟离子的电位为：310.4mV§2-3结果与讨论 2.31数据处理经计算得水中氟离子的浓度为：5.6536×mol·L-1 2.32结果分析国标自来水氟离子含量为：结论：该实验室自来水中氟离子含量符合国家标准规定。第三节、火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水中钙离子§3-1 【摘要】§3-