高考英语语法专题复习定语从句知识清单

1、高考英语语法专题复习-定语从句 知识清单2015 / 9一、定语从句基础知识(填空)1.何为定语从句？ 在复合句中, 修饰某一 或 的从句叫定语从句。2.何为定语从句两个基本要素？ 和 即：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做 ；引导定语从句的词叫 。3.定语从句分为两大类：1） ： 对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不用逗号隔开,也不能省略，否则句意就不完整。2) ： 只是对先行词做补充说明,与先行词的关系也比较松散，常用逗号与主句隔开，如果省略, 原句意义仍然完整。4.引导定语从句的关系词有哪些？1）关系 ：在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。指代人： , , 指代事物： , , 所属关

2、系： , 2）关系 ：在定语从句中充当状语，相当于介词 。指地点： 指时间： 指原因： 二、常见考点与难点归纳： 1.引导词that与which的选择：总结1) 先行词有下列情况时,通常用关系代词 ，不用 。 先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词时; 先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little, much等词修饰时; 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时; 先行词被the only, the very(正是,恰是)，the last修饰时; 当先行词既有人又有物时； 若主句中有

3、疑问代词who, which时（为了避免重复）。总结2）下列情况通常用关系代词 ，不用 ：引导非限定性定语从句且先行词是物，在定语从句中充当宾语时也不省略。介词+关系词引导定语从句, 先行词为物时。2.先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时应注意的问题：1) 先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时，关系词在定语从句中作 时，用when, where, why，相当于介词+which.2) 先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时，关系词在定语从句中作 、 或 时，用that / which 。3) 某些特殊先行词之后的where：某些抽象地点名词如：stage, position, point, situatio

4、n, case, condition, activity, celebration 等做先行词时，且在定语从句中充当状语，常用 引导，表示抽象化的地点，(相当于介词+which) 。例如：必修1 Unit 5 (P34)The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.We were put into a pos

5、ition in which (= where) we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 3.介词+关系词：即 介词+ (指人) 和 介词+ (指物) 介词如何选择：1）看定语从句中动词或者形容词与介词的习惯搭配 What were the things _ which he was not so sure? 2）根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配 The speed _ which you drive your car mustnt be too high.3）可以通过句子的整

6、体含义,结合生活实际来判断 China has many rivers, _ which the Yangtze River is the longest. 4.关系词as的用法: as既可以引导限制性定从，也可以引导非限制性定从，常用于以下情况：1）先行词有such, the same修饰时，后面的定语从句常用as引导，as在从句中可充当主语，宾语，表语，表示“像一样的”。 There is no such place _ you dream of in this world. 世界上绝没有像你梦想的那样的地方。I have the same trouble _ you have.

7、 我和你有同样的麻烦。注意：the same that / the sameas 的区别： This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。 This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。 2）在非限制性定语从句中，as常用于固定搭配。在此用法中, as所引导的定语从句可放在主句的句首、 句中、句末。如：众所周知 综上所述 正如经常发生的那样；情况通常如此 如报纸所报道的 5.引导非限制性定语从句时，关系词as 跟which的区别：as 意为“正如”“正像”, 可位于句首，句中，

8、句末；which 意为“这” “这件事”，不能放句首。若关系词指代前面整句话，且位于主句之后，二者有时候可以互换。 The earth is round, _ is known to us all. _ was natural, he married Jenny.6.先行词为the way的定语从句：先行词为the way，在定语从句中作状语，引导词用in which, that或不填。I recognized hes from Australia from the way he speaks.7. 定语从句与其它复合句的区分:1) 定语从句与同位语从句：  We all

9、have heard the news _ our team won.   We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday. 2) 定语从句与状语从句： He left the key _ he had been an hour before.  He left the place_ he lived for many years.  He is such a good teacher we all like him.  He is such a good teacher all of

10、us love and respect. Well go we are needed. 3) 定语从句与主语从句：  _ is known to us all，paper was first made in China.   _ is known to us all that paper was first made in China. 4) 定语从句与强调结构： It is the house_ I met the young man.  It was in the house_ I met the young man. 综合练习一、填空题（请用定语从

11、句的相关知识填空，每空一词）：1. Could you tell me for youve bought this coat?2. The country is in the situation a war will break out at any time.3. Do you like the girl eyes are big? 4. He always comes late, makes his teacher angry.5. Have you seen the old lady a famous star is talking to?6. His mother, he loved

12、deeply, died ten years ago. 7. The last place we visited was the Great Wall.8. I saw some trees, the leaves which were black with disease.9. It rained all night and all day, which time the ship broke into pieces.10. This is the reason he was put in prison. 11. The boy pointed to the direction which

13、he would run. 12. The man whom you talked is my friend.13. I bought many books yesterday, three of are written by Lu Xun.14. Is this museum the one the exhibition was held?15. Freddie, might be expected, was attending the conference.16. This is the factory my father works?17. This is the factory we

14、visited last week?18. Pisa is a city, there is a leaning tower.19. He who _ (laugh) last laughs best. （ 谁笑到最后, 谁笑得最好。） 20. All _ glitters is not gold. （ 闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。）二、改错：（请用定语从句的相关知识改正下列句子，每句均有一处错误。）1. His glasses, without that he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke its leg.2. Such s

15、igns that we use in the experiment are Greek letters. 3. Mary was kinder to Jack than she was to the others , this , of course, made all the others upset.4. Pisa is a city, where has a leaning tower.5. That is the reason why he gave us. 6. He mentioned a book, which title Ive forgotten.7. I still re

16、member the day when we spent together.8. He always comes late, and which makes his teacher angry.9. China has a lot of islands, one of them is Diaoyu. 10. The girl who is disabled, but she succeeded by her fathers appreciation education.11. There are a lot of students here, none of them like the fil

17、m.12. The scientist and his achievements which you told me about are admired by us all.三、请用定语从句翻译下列句子。1.他永远不会忘记与她邂逅的那一天。2.属于自己的，不要放弃；已经失去的，留作记忆。3.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。4.我们这次还是约在上次一起吃晚饭的餐厅见面吧!5.环境保护是一个如今为人们广为讨论的一个话题。6.我们必须承认,那些反对此观点的人们也有一定的道理。7.手提电脑如今如此普遍的一个重要原因就是它的使用方便。8.他计划于2017年回国,到那时候他将年满30岁。9.<<荷马史

18、诗>>（Homer Epic）是一本很精彩的书,我从中学到了很多。10.最激动人心的一次旅行经历是在巴厘岛(Bali),在那里我有生以来第一次体验了潜水。四、语篇填空：Jim, 1._ father is a biologist, is crazy about animals. The only subject 2. _ seems interesting to him is biology. He spends every penny 3._ he can save to buy books on biology, 4._ is often laughed at by his classmates. One day, 5._ he stepped in the bookstore 6._